Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 42, 2007 - Issue 6
478
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Comparing deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments for sites contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

, , &
Pages 697-706 | Received 13 Nov 2006, Published online: 24 Sep 2010

References

  • Clemens , R. T. 1996 . Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis , 410 – 426 . Pacific Grove , CA : Duxbury Press .
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) . 1989 . Risk Assessment Guidance For Superfund (RAGS), Volume 1—Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A , Office of Emergency and Remedial Response . (Interim Final), (EPA/540/1-89/002)
  • Dawoud , E. A. and Purucker , S. T. 1996 . Quantitative Uncertainty Analysis of Superfund Residential Risk Pathway Models for Soil and Groundwater: White Paper , Oak Ridge , TN : U.S. Department of Energy: Office of Scientific and Technical Information .
  • Page , C. A. , Bonner , J. S. , McDonald , T. J. and Autenrieth , R. L. 2002 . Behavior of a chemically dispersed oil in a wetland environment . Water Res. , 36 ( 15 ) : 3821 – 3833 .
  • Simon , M. A. , Bonner , J. S. , Page , C. A. , Townsend , R. T. , Mueller , D. C. , Fuller , C. B. and Autenrieth , R. L. 2004 . Evaluation of two commercial bioaugmentation products for enhanced removal of petroleum from a wetland . Ecol Eng, , 22 ( 4–5 ) : 263 – 277 .
  • United Nation Development Programme (UNDP) . 2002 . Living Conditions in the Azerbaijan Republic www.un-az.org/doc/living2002.doc⟩ (accessed Oct 2006)
  • Azerbaijan Republic Ministry of Health . 2001 . Health Statistics of the Azerbaijan Republic www.mednet.az (accessed Oct. 2006)
  • Afghan , B. and Chu , A. 1989 . Analysis of Trace Organics in the Aquatic Environment , 33 – 68 . Boca Rotan , FL : CRC Press Inc. .
  • USEPA . 2006 . Substance File - Benzo(a)pyrene. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0136.htm⟩ (accessed Oct 2006)
  • Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS) . 2005 . Toxicity and Chemical-Specific Factors - Nonradionuclides , U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Management, Oak Ridge Operations (ORO) Office . http://rais.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/tox/TOX_select?select=nrad(accessed Oct. 2006)
  • Safe , S. H. 1990 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurnas (PCDFs): Environmental and mechanistic considerations that support the development of toxic equivalnecy factors (TEFs) . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 21 : 51 – 88 .
  • Nisbet , I. C. and LaGoy , P. K. 1992 . Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 16 ( 3 ) : 290 – 300 .
  • Clement Associates, Inc. 1988 . Comparative Potency Approach For Estimating the Caner Risks Associated with Exposure to Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Fairfax , Virginia (Interim Final Report), Prepared for the USEPA under Contract number 68-02-4403
  • Pfeiffer , E. H. 1977 . “ Oncogenic interaction of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ” . In Air pollution and Cancer in Man Lyon , , France IARC Scientific Publication 16
  • Santodonato , J. , Howard , P. and Basu , D. 1981 . Health and Ecological Assessment of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , 5 : 1 – 365 .
  • Schmahl , D. , Schmidt , K. G. and Habs , M. 1977 . “ Syncarcinogenic action of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in automobile exhaust gas condensates ” . In Air Pollution and Cancer in Man Lyon , , France IARC Scientific Publication 16
  • Finley , B. D. , Proctor , P. , Scott , P. and Price , N. 1994 . Recommended Distributions for Exposure Factors Frequently Used in Health Risk Assessment . Risk Anal. , 14 ( 4 ) : 533 – 553 .
  • Israeli , M. and Nelson , C. 1992 . Distribution and expected time of residence of U.S. households . Risk Anal. , 12 : 65 – 72 .
  • LaGoy , P. K. 1987 . Estimated Soil Ingestion Rates for Use in Risk Assessment . Risk Anal. , 7 ( 3 ) : 355 – 359 .
  • Smith , R. 1994 . Use of Monte Carlo Simulation for Human Exposure Assessment at a Superfund Site . Risk Anal. , 14 ( 4 ) : 433 – 439 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.