Nitric Oxide Signaling as a Common Target of Organohalogens and Other Neuroendocrine Disruptors

REFERENCES

• Adcock , I. M. , Brown , C. R. , Kwon , O. and Barnes , P. J. 1994 . Oxidative stress induces NFκB DNA binding and inducible NOS mRNA in human epithelial cells . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 199 : 1518 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances. 2007 http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla)
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar , M. A. , Miñarro , J. and Felipo , V. 2000 . Chronic moderate hyperammonemia impairs active and passive avoidance behavior and conditional discrimination learning in rats . Exp. Neurol. , 161 : 704 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaee , M. and Wenning , R. J. 2002 . The significance of brominated flame retardants in the environment: Current understanding, issues and challenges . Chemosphere , 46 : 579 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , J. R. , Barsotti , D. A. , Lambrecht , L. K. and Van Miller , J. P. 1979 . Reproductive effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons on nonhuman primates . Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , 330 : 419 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Altmann , L. , Mundy , W. R. , Ward , T. R. , Fastabend , A. and Lilienthal , H. 2001 . Developmental exposure of rats to a reconstituted PCB mixture or Aroclor 1254: Effects on long-term potentiation and [3H]MK-801 binding in occipital cortex and hippocampus . Toxicol. Sci. , 61 : 321 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andronik-Lion , V. , Boucher , J. L. , Delaforge , M. , Henry , Y. and Mansuy , D. 1992 . Formation of nitric oxide by cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of aromatic amidoximes . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 85 : 452 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Athanasiadou , M. , Cuadra , S. N. , Marsh , G. , Bergman , A. and Jakobsson , K. 2008 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and bioaccumulative hydroxylated PBDE metabolites in young humans from Managua, Nicaragua . Environ. Health Perspect. , 116 : 400 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , M. J. , Lapanowski , K. , Rafols , J. A. , Lawson , D. M. and Dunbar , J. C. 2001 . GnRH and gonadotropin release is decreased in chronic nitric oxide deficiency . Exp. Biol. Med. , 26 : 701 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , M. J. , Lapanowski , K. , Rafols , J. A , Lawson , D. M. and Dunbar , J. C. 2002 . Chronic nitric oxide deficiency is associated with altered leutinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release in ovariectomized rats . Exp. Biol. Med. , 227 : 817 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman , A. , Klasson-Wehler , E. and Kuroki , H. 1994 . Selective retention of hydroxylated PCB metabolites in blood . Environ. Health Perspect. , 102 : 464 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlin , C. M. , Kacew , S. , Lawrence , R. , LaKind , J. and Campbell , R. 2002 . criteria for chemical selection for programs on human milk surveillance and research for environmental chemicals . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 65 : 1839 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernabeu , R. , Schmitz , P. , Faillace , M. P. , Izquierdo , I. and Medina , J. H. 1996 . Hippocampal cGMP and cAMP are differentially involved in memory processing of inhibitory avoidance learning . Neuroreport , 7 : 585 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bicknell , R. J. 1988 . Optimizing release from peptide hormone secretory nerve terminals . J. Exp. Biol. , 139 : 51 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blazka , M. E. , Harry , G. J. and Luster , M. I. 1994 . Effect of lead acetate on nitrite production by murine brain endothelial cell cultures . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 126 : 191 – 194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boix , J. , Cauli , O. and Felipo , V. 2010 . Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls 52, 138 or 180 affects differentially learning or motor coordination in adult rats. Mechanisms involved . Neuroscience , 167 : 994 – 1003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bon , C. L. and Garthwaite , J. 2001 . Exogenous nitric oxide causes potentiation of hippocampal synaptic transmission during low frequency stimulation via the endogenous nitric oxide-cGMP pathway . Eur. J. Neurosci. , 14 : 585 – 594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouley , R. , Breton , S. , Sun , T. , McLaughlin , M. , Nsumu , N. N. , Lin , H. Y. , Ausiello , D. A. and Brown , D. 2000 . Nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic factor stimulate cGMP-dependent membrane insertion of aquaporin 2 in renal epithelial cells . J. Clin. Invest. , 106 : 1115 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulton , C. L. , Southam , E. and Garthwaite , J. 1995 . Nitric oxide-dependent long-term potentiation is blocked by a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase . Neuroscience , 69 : 699 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourguignon , J. P. , Gerard , A. , Mathieu , J. , Simons , J. and Franchimont , P. 1989 . Pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamic explants is restrained by blockade of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate receptors . Endocrinology , 125 : 1090 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourque , C. W. and Richard , D. 2001 . Circumventricular organs: gateways to the brain axonal projections from the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis to the supraoptic nucleus: functional analysis and presynaptic modulation . Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. , 28 : 570 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branchi , I. , Alleva , E. and Costa , L. G. 2002 . Effects of perinatal exposure to a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 99) on mouse neurobehavioural development . Neurotoxicology , 23 : 375 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt , D. S. and Snyder , S. H. 1990 . Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 87 : 682 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt , D. S. and Snyder , S. H. 1989 . Nitric oxide mediates glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cerebellum . Proc. Nat.Acad. Sci. USA , 86 : 30 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bredt , D. S. 1999 . Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: biological functions and pathophysiology . Free Radical Res. , 31 : 577 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer , A. , Longnecker , M. P. , Birnbaum , L. S. , Cogliano , J. , Kostyniak , P. , Moore , J. , Schantz , S. and Winneke , G. 1999 . Characterization of potential endocrine-related health effects at low-dose levels of exposure to PCBs . Environ. Health Perspect. , 107 : 639 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer , A. , Reijnders , P. J. H. and Koeman , J. H. 1989 . Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish induces vitamin A and thyroid hormone deficiency in the common seal (Phoca vitulina) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 15 : 99 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , J. F. , Mayes , B. A. , Silkworth , J. B. and Hamilton , S. B. 2007 . Polychlorinated biphenyls modulated tumorigenesis in Sprague Dawley rats: Correlation with mixed function oxidase activities and superoxide (O2*) formation potentials and implied mode of action . Toxicol. Sci. , 98 : 375 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. (BSEF). 2001 http://www.bsef.com (http://www.bsef.com)
   Google Scholar
• Calderón , J. , Navarro , M. E. , Jimenez-Capdeville , M. E. , Santos-Diaz , M. A. , Golden , A. , Rodriguez-Leyva , I. , Borja-Aburto , V. and Díaz-Barriga , F. 2001 . Exposure to arsenic and lead and neuropsychological development in Mexican children . Environ.Res. , 85 : 69 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter , D. A. and Murphy , D. 1989 . Cyclic nucleotide dynamics in the rat hypothalamus during osmotic stimulation: In vivo and in vitro studies . Brain Res , : 350 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter , D. O. , Hussain , R. J. , Berger , D. F. , Lombardo , J. P. and Park , H. Y. 2002 . Electrophysiologic and behavioral effects of perinatal and acute exposure of rats to lead and polychlorinated biphenyls . Environ. Health Perspect. , 110 : 377 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccatelli , R. , Faass , O. , Schlumpf , M. and Lichtensteiger , W. 2006 . Gene expression and estrogen sensitivity in rat uterus after developmental exposure to the polybrominated diphenylether PBDE 99 and PCB . Toxicology , 220 : 104 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccatelli , S. , Hulting , A. L. , Zhang , X. , Gustafsson , L. , Villar , M. and Hökfelt , T. 1993 . Nitric oxide synthase in the rat anterior pituitary gland and the role of nitric oxide in regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 90 : 11292 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccatelli , S. , Lundberg , J. M. , Fahrenkrug , J. , Bredt , D. S. , Snyder , S. H. and Hökfelt , T. 1992 . Evidence for involvement of nitric oxide in the regulation of hypothalamic portal blood flow . Neuroscience , 51 : 769 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaud , M. , Franchi , A. M. , Rettori , V. , McCann , S. M. and Gimeno , M. F. 1997 . Nitric oxide in the contractile action of bradykinin, oxytocin, and prostaglandin F2 alpha in the estrogenized rat uterus . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 94 : 11049 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , S. J. , Ma , Y. J. , Wang , J. , Chen , D. , Luo , X. J. and Mai , B. X. 2009 . Brominated flame retardants in children's toys: Concentration, composition, and children's exposure and risk assessment . Environ.Sci. Technol. , 43 : 4200 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. and Swanson , R. A. 2003 . Astrocytes and brain injury . J. Cerebral Blood Flow Metab. , 23 : 137 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , J. , Yang , Y. , Ma , J. , Wang , W. , Liu , X. , Sakamoto , M. , Qu , Y. and Shi , W. 2009 . Assessing noxious effects of dietary exposure to methylmercury, PCBs and Se coexisting in environmentally contaminated rice in male mice . Environ. Int. , 35 : 619 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chevrier , J. , Harley , K. G. , Bradman , A. , Gharbi , M. , Sjödin , A. and Eskenazi , B. 2010 . Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and thyroid hormone during pregnancy . Environ. Health Perspect. , 118 : 1444 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn , C. G. , Gillard , E. R. and Currás-Collazo , M. C. 2005a . Dietary exposure to Aroclor 1254 alters central and peripheral vasopressin release in response to dehydration in the rat . Toxicol. Sci. , 84 : 149 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn, C. G., Hou, B., Lin, L., Cheetham, C., Gillard, E. R., Loson, O., Prodon, D. and Currás-Collazo, M. C. 2005b. Aroclor 1254 may induce long-term alterations in central vasopressin release by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis within the supraoptic nucleus. Neurotoxicology. http://www.neurotoxicology.com/conf2005/Abstract%20Book%208%2030%2005final-%20BandW.pdf (http://www.neurotoxicology.com/conf2005/Abstract%20Book%208%2030%2005final-%20BandW.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Coburn , C. G. , Watson-Siriboe , A. , Hou , B. , Lin , L. , Gillard , E. R. and Curras-Collazo , M. C. 2007 . Perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254 induces long-term osmotically induced nitric oxide synthase activity in neuroendocrine cells of the rat supraoptic nucleus . Organohalogen Compounds , 66 : 3109 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Coburn , C. G. , Curras-Collazo , M. C. and Kodavanti , P. R. 2008 . In vitro effects of environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on calcium buffering mechanisms in rat brain . Neurochem. Res. , 33 : 355 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colciago , A. , Negri-Cesi , P. , Pravettoni , A. , Mornati , O. , Casati , L. and Celotti , F. 2006 . Prenatal Aroclor 1254 exposure and brain sexual differentiation: effect on the expression of testosterone metabolizing enzymes and androgen receptors in the hypothalamus of male and female rats . Reprod. Toxicol. , 22 : 738 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contestabile , A. 2010 . Role of nitric oxide in cerebellar development and function: focus on granule neurons . Cerebellum. , November 23 Epub ahead of print [PMID: 21104176]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , L. G. 1998 . Signal transduction in environmental neurotoxicity . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 38 : 21 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , L. G. and Giordano , G. 2007 . Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants . Neurotoxicology , 28 : 1047 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Counter , S. A. , Buchanan , L. H. and Ortega , F. 2009 . Neurocognitive screening of lead-exposed Andean adolescents and young adults . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 72 : 625 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currás-Collazo , M. C. , Gillard , E. R. , Jin , J. and Pandika , J. 2003 . Vasopressin and oxytocin decrease excitatory amino acid release in adult rat supraoptic nucleus . J. Neuroendocrinol. , 15 : 182 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• d'Anglemont de Tassigny , X. , Campagne , C. , Dehouck , B. , Leroy , D. , Holstein , G. R. , Beauvillain , J. C. , Bue´e-Scherrer , V. and Prevot , V. 2007 . Coupling of neuronal nitric oxide synthase to NMDA receptors via postsynaptic density-95 depends on estrogen and contributes to the central control of adult female reproduction . J. Neurosci. , 27 : 6103 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantchakoff , V. 1938 . Sur les effets de l‘hormone male dans un jeune cobaye femelle traite depuis un stade embryonnaire (inversions sexuelles) . C. R. Soc. Biol. , 127 : 1255 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Darnerud , P. O. 2008 . Brominated flame retardants as possible endocrine disrupters . Int. J. Androl. , 31 : 152 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson , V. L. and Dawson , T. M. 1996 . Nitric oxide neurotoxicity . J. Chem. Neuroanat. , 10 : 179 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desaulniers , D. , Leingartner , K. , Wade , M. , Fintelman , E. , Yagminas , A. and Foster , W. G. 1999 . Effects of acute exposure to PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and thyroid hormones and FSH isoforms in adult Sprague Dawley male rats . Toxicol. Sci. , 47 : 158 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickerson , S. M. , Cunningham , S. L. , Patisaul , H. B. , Woller , M. J. and Gore , A. C. 2011 . Endocrine disruption of brain sexual differentiation by developmental PCB exposure . Endocrinology , 152 ( 2 ) : 581 – 94 . Epub 2010 December 29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingemans , M. M. , Ramakers , G. M. , Gardoni , F. , van Kleef , R. G. , Bergman , A. , Di Luca , M. , van den Berg , M. , Westerink , R. H. and Vijverberg , H. P. 2007 . Neonatal exposure to brominated flame retardant BDE-47 reduces long-term potentiation and postsynaptic protein levels in mouse hippocampus . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 : 865 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingemans , M. M. , van den Berg , M. and Westerink , R. H. 2011 . Neurotoxicity of brominated flame retardants: (In-)direct effects of parent and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers on the (developing) nervous system . Environ. Health Perspect. , Epub ahead of print
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo , J. L. 2004 . Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers through the diet . J. Chromatogr , 1054 : 321 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driscoll , L. L. , Gibson , A. M. and Hieb , A. 2009 . Chronic postnatal DE-71 exposure: Effects on learning, attention and thyroxine levels . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 31 : 76 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dufault , C. , Poles , G. and Driscoll , L. L. 2005 . Brief postnatal PBDE exposure alters learning and the cholinergic modulation of attention in rats . Toxicol. Sci. , 88 : 172 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunnam , R. C. , Hill , M. J. , Lawson , D. M. and Dunbar , J. C. 1999 . Ovarian hormone secretory response to gonadotropins and nitric oxide following chronic nitric oxide deficiency in the rat . Biol. Reprod. , 60 : 959 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duvilanski , B. H. , Zambruno , C. , Seilicovich , A. , Pisera , D. , Lasaga , M. , Diaz , M. C. , Belova , N. , Rettori , V. and McCann , S. M. 1995 . Role of nitric oxide in control of prolaction release by the adenohypophysis . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 92 : 170 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson , P. and Fredriksson , A. 1998 . Neurotoxic effects in adult mice neonatally exposed to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl or 2,3,3′,4,4′- pentachlorobiphenyl: changes in brain nicotinic receptors and behaviour . Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 5 : 17 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson , P. , Jakobsson , E. and Fredriksson , A. 2001 . Brominated flame retardants: a novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment? . Environ. Health Perspect. , 109 : 903 – 08 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson , P. and Fredriksson , A. 1996 . Developmental neurotoxicity of four ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in the neonatal mouse . Environ.Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 1 : 155 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson , P. , Viberg , H. , Jakobsson , E. , Orn , U. and Fredriksson , A. 2002 . A brominated flame retardant, 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether: Uptake, retention, and induction of neurobehavioral alterations in mice during a critical phase of neonatal brain development . Toxicol, Sci. , 67 : 98 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Economic Community . 2003 . Directive 2003/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 amending for the 24th time Council directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether) . Official Journal of the European Union Legislation , 42
   Google Scholar
• Everett , C. J. , Frithsen , I. and Player , M. 2011 . Relationship of polychlorinated biphenyls with type 2 diabetes and hypertension . J. Environ. Monitor. , 13 : 241 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everett , C. J. , Mainous , A. G. , Frithsen , I. L. , Player , M. S. and Matheson , E. M. 2008 . Association of polychlorinated biphenyls with hypertension in the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . Environ. Res. , 108 : 94 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fängström , B. , Hovander , L. , Bignert , A. , Athanassiadis , I. , Linderholm , L. , Grandjean , P. , Weihe , P. and Bergman , A. 2005 . Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorobiphenylols in serum from pregnant Faroese women and their children 7 years later . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 9457 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faqi , A. S. , Dalsenter , P. R. , Merker , H. J. and Chahoud , I. 1998 . Effects on developmental landmarks and reproductive capability of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl in offspring of rats exposed during pregnancy . Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , 17 : 365 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faroon , O. , Jones , D. and De Rosa , C. 2001 . Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the nervous system . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 16 : 305 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernie , K. J. , Shutt , J. L. , Letcher , R. J. , Ritchie , J. I. , Sullivan , K. and Bird , D. M. 2008 . Changes in reproductive courtship behaviors of adult American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to environmentally relevant levels of the polybrominated diphenyl ether mixture, DE-71 . Toxicol. Sci. , 102 : 171 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , D. , Hooper , K. , Athanasiadou , M. , Athanassiadis , I. and Bergman , A. 2006 . Children show highest levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a California family of four: a case study . Environ. Health Perspect. , 114 : 1581 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , C. , Fredricksson , A. and Eriksson , P. 2008 . Coexposure of neonatal mice to a flame retardant PBDE 99 (2,2; 4,4,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether) and methyl mercury enhances developmental neurotoxic effects . Toxicological Sciences , : 275 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , L. J. , Seegal , R. F. , Ganey , P. E. , Pessah , I. N. and Kodavanti , P. R. S. 1998 . Symposium overview: Toxicity of non-coplanar PCBs . Toxicol. Sci. , 41 : 49 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonnum , F. , Mariussen , E. and Reistad , T. 2006 . Molecular mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 69 : 21 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forstermann , U. , Gath , I. and Schwarz , P. 1995 . Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. Properties, cellular distribution and expressional control . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 50 : 1321 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowles , J. R. , Fairbrother , A. , Baecher-Steppan , L. and Kerkvliet , N. I. 1994 . Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice . Toxicology , 86 : 49 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , D. A. and Srivastava , D. 1995 . Molecular mechanism of the lead-induced inhibition of rod cGMP phosphodiesterase . Toxicol. Lett. , 82–83 : 263 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furuyama , T. , Inagaki , S. and Takagi , H. 1993 . Localizations of α1 and ß1 subunits of soluble guanylate cyclase in the rat brain . Mol. Brain Res. , 20 : 335 – 44 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garthwaite , J. and Boulton , C. L. 1995 . Nitric oxide signaling in the central nervous system . Annu. Rev. Physiol. , 57 : 683 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garthwaite , J. , Charles , S. L. and Chess-Williams , R. 1988 . Endothelium derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain . Nature , 336 : 385 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gellert , R. J. 1978 . Kepone, mirex, dieldrin, and aldrin: Estrogenic activity and the induction of persistent vaginal estrus and anovulation in rats following neonatal treatment . Environ. Res. , 16 : 131 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gellert , R. J. and Wilson , C. 1979 . Reproductive function in rats exposed prenatally to pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) . Environ. Res. , 18 : 437 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gensert , J. M. and Ratan , R. R. 2006 . The metabolic coupling of arginine metabolism to nitric oxide generation by astrocytes . Antioxidants Redox Signal. , 8 : 919 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giesy , J. P. and Kannan , K. 1998 . Dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for risk assessment . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 28 : 511 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , M. E. 2003 . Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls alters excitatory synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity in the hippocampus of the adult rat . Neurotoxicology , 24 : 851 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , M. E. , Mundy , W. R. and Crofton , K. M. 2000 . Spatial learning and long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in animals developmentally exposed to Aroclor 1254 . Toxicol. Sci. , 57 : 102 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillard , E. R. , Coburn , C. G. , de Leon , A. , Snissarenko , E. P. , Bauce , L. G. , Pittman , Q. J. , Hou , B. and Curras-Collazo , M. C. 2007a . Vasopressin autoreceptors and nitric oxide-dependent glutamate release are required for somatodendritic vasopressin release from rat magnocellular neuroendocrine cells responding to osmotic stimuli . Endocrinology , 148 : 479 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillard , E. R. , Coburn , C. , Gaertner , M. , Shahidzadeh , A. , Blanco , G. and Curras-Collazo , M. C. 2007b . Soluble guanylate cyclase is a critical effector of nitric oxide mediated local vasopressin release in the supraoptic nucleus. Program No. 195.11, Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner , Washington, DC : Society for Neuroscience .
   Google Scholar
• Gobas , F. A. and Arnot , J. A. 2010 . Food web bioaccumulation model for polychlorinated biphenyls in San Francisco Bay, California, USA . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 29 : 1385 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldey , E. S. and Crofton , K. M. 1998 . Thyroxine replacement attenuates hypothyroxinemia, hearing loss, and motor deficits following developmental exposure to Aroclor 1254 in rats . Toxicol. Sci. , 45 : 94 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómara , B. , Herrero , L. , Ramos , J. J. , Mateo , J. R. , Fernández , M. A. , García , J. F. and González , M. J. 2007 . Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human umbilical cord serum, paternal serum, maternal serum, placentas, and breast milk from Madrid population, Spain . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41 : 6961 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore , A. C. 2008 . Developmental programming and endocrine disruptor effects on reproductive neuroendocrine systems . Front. Neuroendocrinol. , 29 : 358 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorski , R. A. 1979 . The neuroendocrinology of reproduction: An overview . Biol. Reprod. , 20 : 111 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , L. E. , Wolf , C. , Lambright , C. , Mann , P. , Price , M. , Cooper , R. L. and Ostby , J. 1999 . Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p′-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 15 : 94 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregoraszczuk , E. L. , Rak , A. , Kawalec , K. and Ropstad , E. 2008 . Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to single congeners and defined mixture of polybrominated dibenzoethers (PBDEs), p,p′-DDT and its metabolite p,p′-DDE . Toxicol. Lett. , 178 : 103 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guix , F. X. , Uribesalgo , I. , Coma , M. and Munoz , F. J. 2005 . The physiology and pathophysiology of nitric oxide in the brain . Prog. Neurobiol. , 76 : 126 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallgren , S. , Sinjari , T. , Hakansson , H. and Darnerud , P. O. 2001 . Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on thyroid hormone and vitamin A levels in rats and mice . Arch. Toxicol. , 75 : 200 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hany , J. , Lilienthal , H. , Sarasin , A. , Roth-Härer , A. , Fastabend , A. , Dunemann , L. , Lichtensteiger , W. and Winneke , G. 1999 . Developmental exposure of rats to a reconstituted PCB mixture or Aroclor 1254: Effects on organ weights, aromatase activity, sex hormone levels, and sweet preference behavior . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 158 : 231 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardingham , N. and Fox , K. 2006 . The role of nitric oxide and GluR1 in presynaptic and postsynaptic components of neocortical potentiation . J. Neurosci. , 26 : 7395 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , M. L. 2002 . The toxicology of the three commercial polybrominated diphenyl oxide (ether) flame retardants . Chemosphere , 46 : 757 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley , K. G. , Marks , A. R. , Chevrier , J. , Bradman , A. , Sjödin , A. and Eskenazi , B. 2010 . PBDE concentrations in women's serum and fecundability . Environ. Health Perspect. , 118 : 699 – 704 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassoun , E. A. and Periandri-Steinberg , S. 2010 . Assessment of the roles of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)-induced oxidative stress in the brain tissues of rats after subchronic exposure . Toxicol. Environ. Chem. , 92 : 301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hatton , G. I. and Li , Z. 1998 . Mechanisms of neuroendocrine cell excitability . Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , 449 : 79 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , R. D. , Son , H. and Arancio , O. 1998 . Nitric oxide as a retrograde messenger during long-term potentiation in hippocampus . Prog. Brain Res. , 118 : 155 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heales , S. J. , Bolanos , J. P. , Stewart , V. C. , Brookes , P. S. , Land , J. M. and Clark , J. B. 1999 . Nitric oxide, mitochondria and neurological disease . Biochim. Biophys. Acta/Gen. Subj. , 1410 : 215 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebb , D. O. 1949 . The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Herbison , A. E. , Simonian , S. X. , Norris , P. J. and Emson , P. C. 1996 . Relationship of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity to GnRH neurons in the ovariectomized and intact female rat . J. Neuroendocrinol. , 8 : 73 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbstman , J. B. , Sjödin , A. , Kurzon , M. , Lederman , S. A. , Jones , R. S. , Rauh , V. , Needham , L. L. , Tang , D. , Niedzwiecki , M. , Wang , R. Y. and Perera , F. 2010 . Prenatal exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment . Environ. Health Perspect. , 118 : 712 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermenegildo , C. , Montoliu , C. , Llansola , M. , Muñoz , M. D. , Gaztelu , J. M. , Miñana , M. D. and Felipo , V. 1998 . Chronic hyperammonemia impairs the glutamate-nitric-oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture and in the rat in vivo . J. Neurosci. , 10 : 3201 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hites , R. A. , Foran , J. A. , Schwager , S. J. , Knuth , B. A. , Hamilton , M. C. and Carpenter , D. O. 2004 . Global assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in farmed and wild salmon . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 4945 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong , S. J. , Grover , C. A. , Safe , S. H. , Tiffany-Castiglioni , E. and Frye , G. D. 1998 . Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons suppress CA1 field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in rat hippocampal slices . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 148 : 7 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopper , R. A. and Garthwaite , J. 2006 . Tonic and phasic nitric oxide signals in hippocampal long-term potentiation . J. Neurosci. , 26 : 11513 – 521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard , A. S. , Fitzpatrick , R. , Pessah , I. , Kostyniak , P. and Lein , P. J. 2003 . Polychlorinated biphenyls induce caspase-dependent cell death in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal but not cortical neurons via activation of the ryanodine receptor . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 190 : 72 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh , C. H. , Li , H. Y. and Chen , J. C. 2010 . Nitric oxide and interleukin-1β mediate noradrenergic induced corticotrophin-releasing hormone release in organotypic cultures of rat paraventricular nucleus . Neuroscience , 165 : 1191 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , C. C. , Yu , M. L. , Chen , Y. C. , Guo , Y. L. and Rogan , W. J. 1994 . “ The yu-cheng rice oil poisoning incident ” . In Dioxin, related chemicals, and health , Edited by: Schecter , A. 661 – 84 . New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Hsu , P. C. , Huang , W. , Yao , W. J. , Wu , M. H. , Guo , Y. L. and Lambert , G. H. 2003 . Sperm changes in men exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans . J. Am. Med. Assoc. , 289 : 2943 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , P. C. , Lai , T. J. , Guo , N. W. , Lambert , G. H. and Guo , Y. L. 2005 . Serum hormones in boys prenatally exposed to polychlorionated biphenyls and dibenzofurans . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 68 : 1447 – 1456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , P. C. , Pan , M. H. , Li , L. A. , Chen , C. J. , Tsai , S. S. and Guo , Y. L. 2007 . Exposure in utero to 2,2′,3,3′,4,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 132) impairs sperm function and alters testicular apoptosis-related gene expression in rat offspring . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 221 : 68 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain , R. J. , Gyori , J. , DeCaprio , A. P. and Carpenter , D. O. 2000 . In vivo and in vitro exposure to PCB 153 reduces long-term potentiation . Environ. Health Perspect. , 108 : 827 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huwe , J. K. and Smith , D. J. 2007 . Accumulation, whole-body depletion, and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether in male Sprague-Dawley rats following dietary exposure . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41 : 2371 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue , K. , Harada , K. , Takenaka , K. , Uehara , S. , Kono , M. , Shimizu , T. , Takasuga , T. , Senthilkumar , K. , Yamashita , F. and Koizumi , A. 2006 . Levels and concentration ratios of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum and breast milk in Japanese mothers . Environ. Health Perspect. , 114 : 1179 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson , J. L. and Jacobson , S. W. 1996 . Dose-response in perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): The Michigan and North Carolina cohort studies . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 12 : 435 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen , H. R. , Alexander , J. , Rossland , O. J. , Planting , S. , Løvik , M. , Gaarder , P. I. , Gdynia , W. , Bjerve , K. S. and Becher , G. 1996 . PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in human blood in relation to consumption of crabs from a contaminated Fjord area in Norway . Environ. Health Perspect. , 104 : 756 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson , N. , Viberg , H. , Fredriksson , A. and Eriksson , P. 2008 . Neonatal exposure to deca-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) causes dose-response changes in spontaneous behaviour and cholinergic susceptibility in adult mice . Neurotoxicology , 29 : 911 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Restrepo , B. , Addink , R. , Wong , C. , Arcaro , K. and Kannan , K. 2007 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts, USA . J. Environ. Monitor. , 9 : 1205 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Restrepo , B. and Kannan , K. 2009 . An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States . Chemosphere , 76 : 542 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadekaro , M. 2004 . Nitric oxide modulation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system . Brazil. J. Med. Biol. Res. , 37 : 441 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadekaro , M. , Su , G. , Chu , R. , Lei , Y. , Li , J. and Fang , L. 2006 . Nitric oxide up-regulates the expression of calcium-dependent potassium channels in the supraoptic nuclei and neural lobe of rats following dehydration . Neurosci. Lett. , 404 : 50 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadowaki , K. , Kishimoto , J. , Leng , G. and Emson , P. C. 1994 . Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expression together with NOS activity in the rat hypothalamo-hypophysial system after chronic salt loading: Evidence of a neuromodulatory role of nitric oxide in arginine vasopressin and oxytocin secretion . Endocrinology , 134 : 1011 – 1017 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kala , S. V. , Hawkins , D. H. and Jodhav , A. L. 1996 . Low-level subchronic exposure to lead does not affect nitric oxide synthase activity in rat frontal cortex . Toxic Subst. Mech. , 15 : 333 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Kamat , A. , Yu , W. H. , Rettori , V. and McCann , S. M. 1995 . Glutamic acid induces luteinizing hormone releasing hormone release via alpha receptors . Brain Res. Bull. , 37 : 233 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karanth , S. , Yu , W. H. , Mastronardi , C. M. and McCann , S. M. 2004 . 17 Beta-estradiol stimulates ascorbic acid and LHRH release from the medial basal hypothalamus in adult male rats . Exp. Biol. Med. , 229 : 926 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavlock , R. J. and Ankley , G. T. 1996 . A perspective on the risk assessment process for endocrine-disruptive effects on wildlife and human health . Risk Anal. , 16 : 731 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawajiri , K. and Fujii-Kuriyama , Y. 2007 . Cytochrome P450 gene regulation and physiological functions mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 464 : 207 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya , H. , Hany , J. , Fastabend , A. , Roth-Härer , A. , Winneke , G. and Lilienthal , H. 2002 . Effects of maternal exposure to a reconstituted mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls on sex-dependent behaviors and steroid hormone concentrations in rats: dose-response relationship . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 178 : 71 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , B. C. , Ikonomou , M. G. , Blair , J. D. and Gobas , F. A. 2008 . Bioaccumulation behavior of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a Canadian Arctic marine food web . Sci. Total Environ. , 401 : 60 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keserü , G. M. , Volk , B. and Balogh , G. T. 2000 . Cytochrome P450 catalyzed nitric oxide synthesis: a theoretical study . J. Biomol. Struct. Dynamics , 17 : 759 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. A. and Hansen , L. G. 2003 . Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (95 or 101) decrease pituitary response to thyrotropin releasing hormone . Toxicol. Lett. , 144 : 173 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , I. A. and Thomas , P. 2004 . Vitamin E co-treatment reduces Aroclor 1254-induced impairment of reproductive neuroendocrine function in Atlantic croaker . Mar. Environ. Res. , 58 : 333 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan , M. A. , Lichtensteiger , C. A. , Faroon , O. , Mumtaz , M. , Schaeffer , D. J. and Hansen , L. G. 2002 . The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis: A target of nonpersistent ortho-substituted PCB congeners . Toxicol. Sci. , 65 : 52 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , I. S. , Ariyaratne , H. B. and Chamindrani Mendis-Handagama , S. M. 2001 . Effects of continuous and intermittent exposure of lactating mothers to Aroclor 1242 on testicular steroidogenic function in the adult male offspring . Tissue Cell , 33 : 169 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleppisch , T. and Feil , R. 2009 . cGMP signaling in the mammalian brain: Role in synaptic plasticity and behaviour . Handbook Exp. Pharmacol. , 191 : 549 – 79 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleppisch , T. , Pfeifer , A. , Klatt , P. , Ruth , P. , Montkowski , A. , Fässler , R. and Hofmann , F. 1999 . Long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice lacking cGMP-dependent kinases is normal and susceptible to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase . J. Neurosci. , 19 : 48 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knowles , R. G. and Moncada , S. 1994 . Nitric oxide synthases in mammals . Biochem. J. , 298 : 249 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi , K. , Miyagawa , M. , Wang , R. S. , Suda , M. , Sekiguchi , S. and Honma , T. 2008 . Effects of in utero exposure to 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) on somatic growth and endocrine status in rat offspring . Congenital Anomalies (Kyoto) , 48 : 151 – 57 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kodavanti , P. R. and Curras-Collazo , M. C. 2010 . Neuroendocrine actions of organohalogens: Thyroid hormones, arginine vasopressin, and neuroplasticity . Front. Neuroendocrinol. , 31 : 479 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti , P. R. S. , Coburn , C. G. , Moser , V. C. , MacPhail , R. C. , Fenton , S. E. , Stoker , T. E. , Rayner , J. L. , Kannan , K. and Birnbaum , L. S. 2010 . Developmental exposure to a commercial PBDE mixture, DE-71: Neurobehavioral, hormonal, and reproductive effects . Toxicol. Sci. , 116 : 297 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodavanti , P. R. and Tilson , H. A. 2000 . Neurochemical effects of environmental chemicals: In vitro and in vivo correlations on second messenger pathways . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , 919 : 97 – 105 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kombian , S. B. , Hirasawa , M. , Mouginot , D. and Pittman , Q. J. 2002 . Modulation of synaptic transmission by oxytocin and vasopressin in the supraoptic nucleus . Prog. Brain Res. , 139 : 235 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuriyama , S. N. , Talsness , C. E. , Grote , K. and Chahoud , I. 2005 . Developmental exposure to low dose PBDE 99: Effects on male fertility and neurobehavior in rat offspring . Environ. Health Perspect. , 113 : 149 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafuente , A. , Cabaleiro , T. , Cano , P. and Esquifino , A. I. 2006 . Toxic effects of methoxychlor on the episodic prolactin secretory pattern: Possible mediated effects of nitric oxide production . J. Circadian Rhythms , 4 : 3 – 12 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lafuente , A. and Esquifino , A. I. 1999 . Cadmium effects on hypothalamic activity and pituitary hormone secretion in the male . Toxicol. Lett. , 110 : 209 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer , P. , Tajtaková , M. , Kocan , A. , Vlcek , M. , Petrik , J. , Chovancova , J. , Drobna , B. , Jursa , S. , Pavuk , M. , Trnovec , T. , Sebokova , E. and Klimes , I. 2006 . Multiple organochlorine pollution and the thyroid . Endocr. Regul. , 40 : 46 – 52 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langer , P. , Tajtakova , M. , Fodor , G. , Kocan , A. , Bohov , P. , Michalek , J. and Kreze , A. 1998 . Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls . Eur. J. Endocrinol. , 139 : 402 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasley , S. M. and Gilbert , M. E. 2000 . Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity . Neurotoxicology , 21 : 1057 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , B. , Hiney , J. K. , Pine , M. D. , Srivastava , V. K. and Dees , W. L. 2007 . Manganese stimulates luteinizing hormone releasing hormone secretion in prepubertal female rats: Hypothalamic site and mechanism of action . J. Physiol. , 578 : 765 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. Y. , Kim , J. W. , Lim , H. S. , Joo , W. H. , Cho , Y. K. and Moon , J. Y. 2005 . Changes in antioxidant defense systems by 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl exposure in neuronal SK-N-MC cells . Toxicol. Lett. , 157 : 139 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. Y. , Jung , B. I. , Chung , S. M. , Bae , O. N. , Lee , J. Y. , Park , J. D. , Yang , J. S. , Lee , H. and Chung , J. H. 2003 . Arsenic-induced dysfunction in relaxation of blood vessels . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 513 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lema , S. C. , Dickey , J. T. , Schultz , I. R. and Swanson , P. 2008 . Dietary exposure to 2, 20, 4, 40- tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47) alters thyroid status and thyroid hormone-regulated gene transcription in the pituitary and brain . Environ. Health Perspect. , 116 : 1694 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon-Olea , M. , Talavera-Cuevas , E. , Sanchez-Islas , E. , Mucio-Ramirez , S. , Miller-Perez , C. , Coburn , C. , Gillard , E. and Currás-Collazo , M. C. 2004 . Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on nitrergic neurons and nitric oxide synthase activity in rat pup brain. Program No. 759.10. Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner , Washington, DC : Society for Neuroscience, Online .
   Google Scholar
• Lilienthal , H. , Hack , A. , Roth-Härer , A. , Grande , S. W. and Talsness , C. E. 2006 . Effects of developmental exposure to 2,2, 4,4, 5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) on sex steroids, sexual development, and sexually dimorphic behavior in rats . Environ. Health Perspect. , 114 : 194 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilienthal , H. , Neuf , M. , Munoz , C. and Winneke , G. 1990 . Behavioral effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to a mixture of low chlorinated PCBs in rats . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 15 : 457 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lin , S. M. , Chen , F. A. , Huang , Y. F. , Hsing , L. L. , Chen , L. L. , Wu , L. S. , Liu , T. S. , Chang-Chien , G. P. , Chen , K. C. and Chao , H. R. 2010 . Negative associations between PBDE levels and thyroid hormones in cord blood . Int. J.Hyg. Environ. Health. , November 22 Epub ahead of print [PMID: 21106438]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipton , S. A. , Choi , Y. B. , Pan , Z. H. , Lei , S. Z. , Chen , H. S. , Sucher , N. J. , Loscalzo , J. , Singel , D. J. and Stamler , J. S. 1993 . A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds . Nature , 364 : 626 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , X. , Miller , M. J. , Joshi , M. S. , Sadowska-Krowicka , H. , Clark , D. A. and Lancaster , J. R. 1998 . Diffusion-limited reaction of free nitric oxide with erythrocytes . J. Biol. Chem. , 273 : 18709 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llansola , M. , Erceg , S. , Monfort , P. , Montoliu , C. and Felipo , V. 2007 . Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenylether 99 enhances the function of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in brain in vivo and in cultured neurons . Eur. J. Neurosci. , 25 : 373 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llansola , M. , Montoliu , C. , Boix , J. and Felipo , V. 2010 . Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB 52, PCB 180, and PCB 138 impair the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture by different mechanisms . Chem. Res. Toxicol. , 23 : 813 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llansola , M. , Piedrafita , B. , Rodrigo , R. , Montoliu , C. and Felipo , V. 2009 . Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB 153 and PCB 126 impair the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture by different mechanisms . Neurotoxicol. Res. , 16 : 97 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Smith , M. and Sheffield-Brotherton , B. 2008 . Children's environmental health: Intergenerational equity in action—A civil society perspective . Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , 1140 : 190 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozach , A. , Garrel , G. , Lerrant , Y. , Bérault , A. and Counis , R. 1998 . GnRH-dependent up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase I level in pituitary gonadotrophs mediates cGMP elevation during rat proestrus . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 143 : 43 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , M. and Leng , G. 1997 . Autoinhibition of supraoptic nucleus vasopressin neurons in vivo: a combined retrodialysis/electrophysiological study in rats . Eur. J.Neurosci. , 9 : 2532 – 2540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , M. and Leng , G. 2006 . Dendritic peptide release and peptide-dependent behaviours . Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , 7 : 126 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , M. , Williams , K. , Callahan , M. F. and Morris , M. 1996 . Salt loading abolishes osmotically stimulated vasopressin release within the supraoptic nucleus . Neurosci. Lett. , 215 : 1 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyche , J. L. , Oskam , I. C. , Skaare , J. U. , Reksen , O. , Sweeney , T. , Dahl , E. , Farstad , W. and Ropstad , E. 2004 . Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to low doses of PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones and on puberty in female goats . Reprod. Toxicol. , 19 : 87 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda , K. , Ohkura , S. , Uenoyama , Y. , Wakabayashi , Y. , Oka , Y. , Tsukamura , H. and Okamura , H. 2010 . Neurobiological mechanisms underlying GnRH pulse generation by the hypothalamus . Brain Res. , 1364 : 103 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main , K. M. , Kiviranta , H. , Virtanen , H. E. , Sundqvist , E. , Tuomisto , J. T. and Tuomisto , J. 2007 . Flame retardants in placenta and breast milk and cryptorchidism in newborn boys . Environ. Health Perspect. , 115 : 1519 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mani , S. K. , Allen , J. M. C. , Rettori , V. , O'Malley , B. W. , Clark , J. H. and McCann , S. M. 1994 . Nitric oxide mediates sexual behavior in female rats by stimulating LHRH release . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 91 : 6468 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariussen , E. and Fonnum , F. 2001 . The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the high affinity uptake of the neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA, into rat brain synaptosomes . Toxicology , 159 : 11 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariussen , E. , Myhre , O. , Reistad , T. and Fonnum , F. 2002 . The polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 induces death of rat cerebellar granule cells: The involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and reactive oxygen species . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 179 : 137 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marletta , M. A. 1993 . Nitric oxide synthase: Function and mechanism . Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , 338 : 281 – 84 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martini , M. , Miceli , D. , Gotti , S. , Viglietti-Panzica , C. , Fissore , E. , Palanza , P. and Panzica , G. 2010 . Effects of perinatal administration of bisphenol A on the neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing system in the hypothalamus and limbic system of CD1 mice . J. Neuroendocrinol. , 22 : 1004 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazdai , A. , Dodder , N. G. , Abernathy , M. P. , Hites , R. A. and Bigsby , R. M. 2003 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 1249 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann , S. M. , Kimura , M. , Walczewska , A. , Karanth , S. , Rettori , V. and Yu , W. H. 1998 . Hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion by LHRH, FSHRF, NO, cytokines, and leptin . Domestic Anim. Endocrinol. , 15 : 333 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann , S. M. , Mastronardi , C. , Walczewska , A. , Karanth , S. , Rettori , V. and Yu , W. H. 1999 . The role of nitric oxide in reproduction . Brazil. J. Med. Biol. Res. , 32 : 1367 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy , M. M. 2008 . Estradiol and the developing brain . Physiol. Rev. , 88 : 91 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen , B. S. 1983 . Gonadal steroid influences on brain development and sexual differentiation . Int. Rev. Physiol. , 27 : 99 – 145 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKinley , M. J. , Mathai , M. L. , McAllen , R. M. , McClear , R. G. , Miselis , R. R. , Pennington , G. L. , Vivas , L. , Wade , J. D. and Oldfield , B. J. 2004 . Vasopressin secretion, osmotic and hormonal regulation by the lamina terminals . J. Neuroendocrinol , 16 : 340 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney , J. D. and Waller , C. L. 1998 . Moleculare determinants of hormone mimicry: Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 1 : 27 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeker , J. D. and Hauser , R. 2010 . Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and male reproduction . Biol. Reprod. Med. , 56 : 122 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeker , J. D. , Johnson , P. I. , Camann , D. and Hauser , R. 2009 . Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in house dust are related to hormone levels in men . Sci. Total Environ. , 407 : 3425 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meerts , I. A. , Letcher , R. J. , Hoving , S. , Marsh , G. , Bergman , A. , Lemmen , J. G. , van der Burg , B. and Brouwer , A. 2001 . In vitro estrogenicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated PDBEs, and polybrominated bisphenol A compounds . Environ. Health Perspect. , 109 : 399 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meironyte , D. , Noren , K. and Bergman , A. 1999 . Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human milk. A time-related trend study 1972–1997 . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 58 : 329 – 341 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minc-Golomb , D. , Tsarfaty , I. and Schwartz , J. P. 1994 . Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by neurons following exposure to endotoxin and cytokine . Br. J. Pharmacol. , 112 : 720 – 722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mize , R. R. 1998 . Nitric oxide in brain development, plasticity, and disease , New York : Elsevier Science . Progress in Brain Research Vol. 118
   Google Scholar
• Morck , A. , Hakk , H. , Orn , U. and Klasson Wehler , E. 2003 . Decabromodiphenyl ether in the rat: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 31 : 900 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moretto , M. , López , F. J. and Negro-Vilar , A. 1993 . Nitric oxide regulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion . Endocrinology , 133 : 2399 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murai , K. , Okamura , K. , Tsuji , H. , Kajiwara , E. , Watanabe , H. , Akagi , K. and Fujishima , M. 1987 . Thyroid function in ‘yusho’ patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) . Environ. Res. , 44 : 179 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murugesan , P. , Muthusamy , T. , Balasubramanian , K. and Arunakaran , J. 2005 . Studies on the protective role of vitamin C and E against polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254)-induced oxidative damage in Leydig cells . Free Radical Res. , 39 : 1259 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murugesan , P. , Balaganesh , M. , Balasubramanian , K. and Arunakaran , J. 2007 . Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on steroidogenesis and antioxidant system in cultured adult rat Leydig cells . J. Endocrinol. , 192 : 325 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murugesan , P. , Muthusamy , T. , Balasubramanian , K. and Arunakaran , J. 2008 . Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) inhibits testosterone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cultured rat Leydig cells . Reprod. Toxicol. , 25 : 447 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. J. , Kriegsfeld , L. J. , Dawson , V. L. and Dawson , T. M. 1997 . Effects of nitric oxide on neuroendocrine function and behavior . Front. Neuroendocrinol , 18 : 463 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemi , W. D. , Audi , J. , Bush , B. and Carpenter , D. O. 1998 . PCBs reduce long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus . Exp. Neurol. , 151 : 26 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakley , G. G. , Devanaboyina , U. , Robertson , L. W. and Gupta , R. C. 1996 . Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for PCB-induced oxidative stress in breast cancer . Chem. Res. Toxicol. , 9 : 1285 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Dell , T. J. , Hawkins , R. D. , Kandel , E. R. and Arancio , O. 1991 . Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term potentiation: Evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 88 : 11285 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtake , F. , Takeyama , K. , Matsumoto , T. , Kitagawa , H. , Yamamoto , Y. , Nohara , K. , Tohyama , C. , Krust , A. , Mimura , J. , Chambon , P. , Yanagisawa , J. , Fujii-Kuriyama , Y. and Kato , S. 2003 . Modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling by association with the activated dioxin receptor . Nature , 423 : 545 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojeda , S. R. , Harms , P. G. and McCann , S. M. 1974 . Effect of blockade of dopaminergic receptors on prolactin and LH release: Median eminence and pituitary sites of action . Endocrinology , 94 : 1650 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojeda , S. R. , Negro-Vilar , A. and McCann , S. M. 1979 . Catecholaminergic modulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by median eminence terminals in vitro . Endocrinology , 104 : 617 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omori , N. , Fukata , H. , Sato , K. , Yamazaki , K. , Aida-Yasuoka , K. , Takigami , H. , Kuriyama , M. , Ichinose , M. and Mori , C. 2007 . Polychlorinated biphenyls alter the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells . Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , 26 : 811 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oros , D. R. , Hoover , D. , Rodigari , F. , Crane , D. and Sericano , J. 2005 . Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water, surface sediments, and bivalves from the San Francisco Estuary . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 33 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ota , K. T. , Monsey , M. S. , Wu , M. S. and Schafe , G. E. 2010 . Synaptic plasticity and NO-cGMP-PKG signaling regulate pre- and postsynaptic alterations at rat lateral amygdala synapses following fear conditioning . PLoS One , 5 : e11236 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozcan , M. , Yilmaz , B. , King , W. M. and Carpenter , D. O. 2004 . Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is reduced by a coplanar PCB congener . Neurotoxicology , 25 : 981 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , D. G. , Todd , G. D. , Turner , W. E. , Maggio , V. , Alexander , L. R. and Needham , L. 1994 . Levels of non-ortho-substituted (coplanar), mono- and di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in human serum and adipose tissue . Environ. Health Perspect. , 102 : 195 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paton , J. F. , Kasparov , S. and Paterson , D. J. 2002 . Nitric oxide and autonomic control of heart rate: A question of specificity . Trends Neurosci. , 25 : 626 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perello , M. , Stuart , R. C. , Vaslet , C. A. and Nillni , E. A. 2007 . Cold exposure increases the biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus via beta-adrenoreceptors . Endocrinology , 148 : 4952 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi , J. , Kumagai , Y. , Sun , G. , Yamauchi , H. , Yoshida , T. , Iso , H. , Endo , A. , Yu , L. , Yuki , K. , Miyauchi , T. and Shimojo , N. 2000 . Decreased serum concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites among Chinese in an endemic area of chronic arsenic poisoning in Inner Mongolia . Free Radical Biol. Med. , 28 : 1137 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pi , J. , Horiguchi , S. , Sun , Y. , Nikaido , M. , Shimojo , N. , Hayashi , T. , Yamauchi , H. , Itoh , K. , Yamamoto , M. , Sun , G. , Waalkes , M. P. and Kumagai , Y. 2003 . A potential mechanism for the impairment of nitric oxide formation caused by prolonged oral exposure to arsenate in rabbits . Free Radical Biol. Med. , 35 : 102 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piedrafita , B. , Erceg , S. , Cauli , O. , Monfort , P. and Felipo , V. 2008 . Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls PCB153 or PCB126 impairs learning ability in young but not in adult rats . Eur. J. Neurosci. , 27 : 177 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plant , T. M. , Gay , V. L. , Marshall , G. R. and Arslan , M. 1989 . Puberty in monkeys is triggered by chemical stimulation of the hypothalamus . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 86 : 2506 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poliandri , A. H. , Esquifino , A. I. , Cano , P. , Jiménez , V. , Lafuente , A. , Cardinali , D. P. and Duvilanski , B. H. 2006a . In vivo protective effect of melatonin on cadmium-induced changes in redox balance and gene expression in rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary . J. Pineal Res. , 41 : 238 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poliandri , A. H. , Machiavelli , L. I. , Quinteros , A. F. , Cabilla , J. P. and Duvilanski , B. H. 2006b . Nitric oxide protects the mitochondria of anterior pituitary cells and prevents cadmium-induced cell death by reducing oxidative stress . Free Radical Biol. Med. , 40 : 679 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prast , H. and Philippu , A. 2001 . Nitric oxide as modulator of neuronal function . Prog. Neurobiol. , 64 : 51 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prestifilippo , J. P. , Fernández-Solari , J. , Mohn , C. , De Laurentiis , A. , McCann , S. M. , Dees , W. and Rettori , V. 2007 . Effect of manganese on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion in adult male rats . Toxicol. Sci. , 97 : 75 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu , S. , Jebelli , A. K. , Ashe , J. H. and Currás-Collazo , M. C. 2009 . Domoic acid induces a long-lasting enhancement of CA1 field responses and impairs tetanus-induced long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices . Toxicol. Sci. , 111 : 140 – 150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , M. R. and Harris , C. L. 1995 . Lead inhibits Ca(2+)-stimulated nitric oxide synthase activity from rat cerebellum . Neurosci. Lett. , 196 : 65 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , K. M. K. 2000 . Molecular mechanisms regulating iNOS expression in various cell types . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 3 : 27 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , I. A. 1994 . Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of renin and vasopressin secretion . Front. Neuroendocrinol. , 15 : 351 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rettori , V. , Belova , N. , Dees , W. L. , Nyberg , C. L. , Gimeno , M. and McCann , S. M. 1993 . Role of nitric oxide in the control of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release in vivo and in vitro . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 90 : 10130 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rettori , V. , Fernandez-Solari , J. , Mohn , C. , Zorrilla Zubilete , M. A. , De La Cal , C. , Prestifilippo , J. P. and De Laurentiis , A. 2009 . Nitric oxide at the crossroad of immunoneuroendocrine interactions . Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , 1153 : 35 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rettori , V. , Gimeno , M. , Lyson , K. and McCann , S. M. 1992 . Nitric oxide mediates norepinephrine-induced prostaglandin E2 release from the hypothalamus . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 89 : 11543 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynoso , R. , Cardoso , N. , Szwarcfarb , B. , Carbone , S. , Ponzo , O. , Moguilevsky , J. A. and Scacchi , P. 2007 . Nitric oxide synthase inhibition prevents leptin induced Gn-RH release in prepubertal and peripubertal female rats . Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes , 115 : 423 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , D. C. and Hayward , S. 1999 . Effects of exposure to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) throughout gestation and lactation on behavior (concurrent random interval-random interval and progressive ratio performance) in rats . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 21 : 679 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , D. C. , Reeve , E. A. , Herlihy , A. , Zoeller , R. T. , Thompson , W. D. and Markowski , V. P. 2007 . Developmental delays and locomotor activity in the C57BL6/J mouse following neonatal exposure to the fully-brominated PBDE, decabromodiphenyl ether . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 29 : 511 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riedel , G. , Platt , B. and Micheau , J. 2003 . Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory . Behav. Brain Res. , 140 : 1 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rios , R. , Zarazua , S. , Santoyo , M. E. , Sepulveda-Saavedra , J. , Romero-Dıaz , V. , Jimenez , V. , Perez-Severiano , F. , Vidal-Cantu , G. , Delgado , J. M. and Jimenez-Capdeville , M. E. 2009 . Decreased nitric oxide markers and morphological changes in the brain of arsenic-exposed rats . Toxicology , 261 : 68 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roegge , C. S. , Seo , B. W. , Crofton , K. M. and Schantz , S. L. 2000 . Gestational-lactational exposure to Aroclor 1254 impairs radial-arm maze performance in male rats . Toxicol. Sci. , 57 : 121 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romberg , C. , Raffel , J. , Martin , L. , Sprengel , R. , Seeburg , P. H. , Rawlins , J. N. , Bannerman , D. M. and Paulsen , O. 2009 . Induction and expression of GluA1 (GluR-A)-independent LTP in the hippocampus . Eur. J. Neurosci. , 29 : 1141 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropstad , E. , Oskam , I. C. , Lyche , J. L. , Larsen , H. J. , Lie , E. , Haave , M. , Dahl , E. , Wiger , R. and Skaare , J. U. 2006 . Endocrine disruption induced by organochlorines (OC): Field studies and experimental models . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 69 : 53 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roze , E. , Meijer , L. , Bakker , A. , Van Braeckel , K. N. , Sauer , P. J. and Bos , A. F. 2009 . Prenatal exposure to organohalogens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age . Environ. Health Perspect. , 117 : 1953 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , B. S. , Murray , M. K. , Damassa , D. A. , King , J. C. and Soto , A. M. 2001 . Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol-A affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclicity and plasma LH levels . Environ. Health Perspect. , 109 : 675 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatier , N. , Shibuya , I. and Dayanithi , G. 2004 . Intracellular calcium increase and somatodendritic vasopressin release by vasopressin receptor agonists in the rat supraoptic nucleus: Involvement of multiple intracellular transduction signals . J. Neuroendocrinol. , 16 : 221 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. H. 1994 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 24 : 87 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sager , D. B. 1983 . Effects of postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on adult male reproductive function . Environ. Res. , 31 : 76 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sager , D. B. and Girard , D. M. 1994 . Long-term effects on reproductive parameters in female rats after translactational exposure to PCBs . Environ. Res. , 66 : 52 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvemini , D. , Misko , T. P. , Masferrer , J. L. , Seibert , K. , Currie , M. G. and Needleman , P. 1993 . Nitric oxide activates cyclooxygenase enzymes . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 90 : 7240 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schantz , S. L. , Levin , E. D. and Bowman , R. E. 1991 . Long-term neurobehavioral effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in monkeys . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 10 : 747 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schantz , S. L. , Moshtaghian , J. and Ness , D. K. 1995 . Spatial learning deficits in adult rats exposed to ortho-substituted PCB congeners during gestation and lactation . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 26 : 117 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schantz , S. L. , Seo , B. W. , Moshtaghian , J. , Peterson , R. E. and Moore , R. W. 1996 . Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs on spatial learning . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 18 : 305 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schantz , S. L. , Seo , B. W. , Wong , P. W. and Pessah , I. N. 1997 . Long-term effects of developmental exposure to 2,3’,3,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) on locomotor activity spatial learning and memory and brain ryanodine binding . Neurotoxicology , 18 : 457 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schecter , A. , Pavuk , M. , Päpke , O. , Ryan , J. J. , Birnbaum , L. and Rosen , R. 2003 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers’ milk . Environ. Health Perspect. , 111 : 1723 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schecter , A. , Päpke , O. , Joseph , J. E. and Tung , K. C. 2005 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. computers and domestic carpet vacuuming: Possible sources of human exposure . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 68 : 501 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schecter , A. , Johnson-Wech , S. , Tung , K. C. , Harris , T. R. , Papke , O. and Rosen , R. 2007 . Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in livers of U.S. human festuses and newborns . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 70 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schriks , M. , Roessig , J. M. , Murk , A. J. and Furlow , J. D. 2007 . Thyroid hormone receptor isoform selectivity of thyroid hormone disrupting compounds quantified with an in vitro reporter gene assay . Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 23 : 302 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuman , E. M. , Meffert , M. K. , Schulman , H. and Madison , D. V. 1994 . An ADP-ribosyltransferase as a potential target for nitric oxide action in hippocampal long-term potentiation . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 91 : 11958 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seegal , R. F. , Brosch , K. O. and Okoniewski , R. J. 2005 . Coplanar PCB congeners increase uterine weight and frontal cortical dopamine in the developing rat: Implications for developmental neurotoxicity . Toxicol Sci. , 86 : 125 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seegal , R. F. , Bush , B. and Brosch , K. O. 1991 . Sub-chronic exposure of the adult rat to Aroclor 1254 yields regionally-specific changes in central dopaminergic function . Neurotoxicology , 12 : 55 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serulle , Y. , Zhang , S. , Ninan , I. , Puzzo , D. , McCarthy , M. , Khatri , L. , Arancio , O. and Ziff , E. B. 2007 . A GluR1-cGKII interaction regulates AMPA receptor trafficking . Neuron , 56 : 670 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah , A. , Coburn , C. , Watson-Siroboe , A. , Whitley , R. , Shahidizadeh , A. , Gillard , E. R. , Leon-Olea , M. , Gaertner , M. , Nichol , R. , Kodavanti , P. R. S. and Currás-Collazo , M. C. in press . Altered cardiovascular and osmoregulatory responses after physiological activation displayed by adult rats developmentally exposed to PBDEs . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol ,
   Google Scholar
• She , J. , Holden , A. , Sharp , M. , Tanner , M. , Williams-Derry , C. and Hooper , K. 2007 . Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk from the Pacific Northwest . Chemosphere , 67 : 307 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , R. and Kodavanti , P. R. S. 2002 . In vitro effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and hydroxy metabolites on nitric oxide synthases in rat brain . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 178 : 127 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu , K. , Tsukazaki , N. , Watanabe , M. , Ogawa , F. , Kondo , T. and Katayama , I. 2002 . Letter to the editor . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 18 : 45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu , K. , Ogawa , F. , Thiele , J. J. , Lee , J. B. , Bae , S. and Sato , S. 2008 . Increased levels of urinary nitrite and nitrotyrosine in Yusho victims 40 years after accidental poisoning with polychlorinated biphenyls in Nagasaki, Japan . J. Appl. Toxicol. , 28 : 1040 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin , J. H. and Linden , D. J. 2005 . An NMDA receptor/nitric oxide cascade is involved in cerebellar LTD but is not localized to the parallel fiber terminal . J. Neurophysiol. , 94 : 4281 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , T. D. , Adams , M. M. , Gallagher , M. , Morrison , J. H. and Rapp , P. R. 2000 . Circuit-specific alterations in hippocampal synaptophysin immunoreactivity predict spatial learning impairment in aged rats . J. Neurosci. , 20 : 6587 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonnenschein , C. and Soto , A. M. 1998 . An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists . J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , 65 : 143 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadler , J. , Trockfield , J. , Schmalix , W. A. , Brill , T. , Siewert , J. R. , Greim , H. and Doehmer , J. 1994 . Inhibition of cytochromes P4501A by nitric oxide . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 91 : 3559 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , R. M. , Walker , D. M. , Juenger , T. E. , Woller , M. J. and Gore , A. C. 2008 . Effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyls on adult female rat reproduction: Development, reproductive physiology, and second generational effects . Biol. Reprod. , 78 : 1091 – 101 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , J. E. and Ludwig , M. 2001 . NO inhibits supraoptic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons via activation of GABAergic synaptic inputs . Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. , 280 : R1815 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , J. E. and Zhang , W. 2005 . Cellular sources, targets and actions of constitutive nitric oxide in the magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat . J. Physiol. , 562 : 725 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , J. E. 2004 . Nitric oxide and homeostatic control: An intercellular signaling molecule contributing to autonomic and neuroendocrine integration? . Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. , 84 : 197 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoker , T. E. , Cooper , R. L. , Lambright , C. S. , Wilson , V. S. , Furr , J. and Gray , L. E. 2005 . In vivo and in vitro anti-androgenic effects of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 207 : 78 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoker , T. E. , Laws , S. C. , Crofton , K. M. , Hedge , J. M. , Ferrell , J. M. and Cooper , R. L. 2004 . Assessment of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture, in the EDSP male and female pubertal protocols . Toxicol. Sci. , 78 : 144 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuehr , D. J. and Marletta , M. A. 1985 . Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: Mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 82 : 7738 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuehr , D. J. 1999 . Mammalian nitric oxide synthases . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 1411 : 217 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuehr , D. J. , Kwon , N. S. and Nathan , C. F. 1990 . FAD and GSH participate in macrophage synthesis of nitric oxide . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 168 : 558 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuehr , D. J. and Marletta , M. A. 1985 . Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: Mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 82 : 7738 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , G. M. , Ratcliffe , H. E. and Fischer , L. J. 1995 . Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): A critical assessment of the evidence for adverse health effects . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 21 : 136 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo , D. T. , Richardson , V. M. , Ross , D. G. , Diliberto , J. J. , Kodavanti , P. R. S. and Birnbaum , L. S. 2009 . Effects of perinatal PBDE exposure on hepatic phase I, phase II, phase III, and deiodinase 1 gene expression involved in thyroid hormone metabolism in male rat pups . Toxicol. Sci. , 107 : 27 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talsness , C. E. , Kuriyama , S. N. , Sterner-Kock , A. , Schnitker , P. , Grande , S. W. , Shakibaei , M. , Andrade , A. , Grote , K. and Chahoud , I. 2008 . In utero and lactational exposures to low doses of polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 alter the reproductive system and thyroid gland of female rat offspring . Environ. Health Perspect. , 116 : 308 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talsness , C. E. , Shakibaei , M. , Kuriyama , S. N. , Grande , S. W. , Sterner-Kock , A. , Schnitker , P. , de Souza , C. , Grote , K. and Chahoud , I. 2005 . Ultrastructural changes observed in rat ovaries following in utero and lactational exposure to low doses of a polybrominated flame retardant . Toxicol. Lett. , 157 : 189 – 202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanabe , S. 1988 . PCB problems in the future: Foresight from current knowledge . Environ. Pollut. , 50 : 5 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. J. 2007 . Molecular processes in cellular arsenic metabolism . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 222 : 365 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. J. , Styblo , M. and Lin , S. 2001 . The cellular metabolism and systemic toxicity of arsenic . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 176 : 127 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thuresson , K. , Bergman , A. and Jakobsson , K. 2005 . Occupational exposure to commercial decabromodiphenyl ether in workers manufacturing or handling flame-retarded rubber . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 1980 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilson , H. A. 2000 . The role of developmental neurotoxicology studies in risk assessment . Toxicol. Pathol. , 28 : 149 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilson , H. A. , Davis , G. J. , McLachlan , J. A. and Lucier , G. W. 1979 . The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls given prenatally on the neurobehavioral development of mice . Environ. Res. , 18 : 466 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toms , L. M. , Harden , F. , Paepke , O. , Hobson , P. , Ryan , J. J. and Mueller , J. F. 2008 . Higher accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in infants than in adults . Environ. Sci. Technol , 42 : 7510 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toni , R. , Della Casa , C. , Castorina , S. , Cocchi , D. and Celotti , F. 2005 . Effects of hypothyroidism and endocrine disruptor-dependent non-thyroidal illness syndrome on the GnRH-gonadotroph axis of the adult male rat . J. Endocrinol. Invest. , 28 : 20 – 27 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai , S. Y. , Chou , H. Y. , The , H. W. , Chen , C. M. and Chen , C. J. 2003 . The effects of chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water on the neurobehavioral development in adolescence . Neurotoxicology , 24 : 747 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukamura , H. , Homma , T. , Tomikawa , J. , Uenoyama , Y. and Maeda , K. 2010 . Sexual differentiation of kisspeptin neurons responsible for sex difference in gonadotropin release in rats . Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , 1200 : 95 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turyk , M. E. , Persky , V. W. , Imm , P. , Knobeloch , L. , Chatterton , R. and Anderson , H. A. 2008 . Hormone disruption by PBDEs in adult male sport fish consumers . Environ. Health Perspect , 116 : 1635 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueta , Y. , Levy , A. , Chowdrey , H. S. and Lightman , S. L. 1995 . Inhibition of hypothalamic nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the rat paraventricular nucleus by food deprivation is independent of serotonin depletion . J. Neuroendocrinol. , 7 : 861 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulbrich , B. and Stahlmann , R. 2004 . Developmental toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): A systematic review of experimental data . Arch. Toxicol. , 78 : 252 – 68 . Erratum: Arch. Toxicol. 78: 483–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uribe , R. M. , Cisneros , M. , Vargas , M. A. , Lezama , L. , Cote-Vélez , A. , Joseph-Bravo , P. and Charli , J. L. 2011 . The systemic inhibition of nitric oxide production rapidly regulates TRH mRNA concentration in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and serum TSH concentration. Studies in control and cold-stressed rats . Brain Res. , 1367 : 188 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2003 . Brominated diphenyl ethers in water, soil, sediment and tissue by HRGC/HRM. Method 1614 , Washington, DC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Vacher , C. M. , Hardin-Pouzet , H. , Steinbusche , H. W. , Calas , A. and DeVente , J. 2003 . The effects of nitric oxide on magnocellular neurons could involve multiple indirect cyclic GMP-dependent pathways . Eur. J. Neurosci. , 17 : 455 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas , F. 2007 . The endocrine system in chronic nitric oxide deficiency . Eur. J. Endocrinol. , 156 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataraman , P. , Sridhar , M. , Dhanammal , S. , Vijayababu , M. R. , Arunkumar , A. , Srinivasan , N. and Arunakaran , J. 2004 . Effects of vitamin supplementation on PCB (Aroclor 1254)-induced changes in ventral prostaic androgen and estrogen receptors . Endocr. Res. , 30 : 469 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viberg , H. , Fredriksson , A. and Eriksson , P. 2003a . Neonatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 153) disrupts spontaneous behavior, impairs learning and memory, and decreases hippocampal cholinergic receptors in adult mice . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 192 : 95 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viberg , H. , Fredriksson , A. , Jakobsson , E. , Orn , U. and Eriksson , P. 2003b . Neurobehavioral derangements in adult mice receiving decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development . Toxicol. Sci. , 76 : 112 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viberg , H. , Johansson , N. , Fredriksson , A. , Eriksson , J. , Marsh , G. and Eriksson , P. 2006 . Neonatal exposure to higher brominated diphenyl ethers, hepta-, octa-, or nonabromodiphenyl ether, impairs spontaneous behavior and learning and memory functions of adult mice . Toxicol. Sci. , 92 : 211 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viberg , H. , Mundy , W. and Eriksson , P. 2008 . Neonatal exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) results in changes in BDNF, CaMKII and GAP-43, biochemical substrates of neuronal survival, growth, and synaptogenesis . Neurotoxicology , 29 : 152 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X. and Robinson , P. J. 1997 . Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cellular signaling in the nervous system . J. Neurochem. , 68 : 443 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X. Q. , Fang , J. , Nunez , A. A. and Clemens , L. G. 2002 . Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls affects sexual behavior of rats . Physiol. Behav. , 75 : 689 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Zhao , F. , Jin , Y. , Zhong , Y. , Yu , X. , Li , G. , Lv , X. and Sun , G. 2011 . Effects of exogenous glutathione on arsenic burden and NO metabolism in brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water . Arch. Toxicol. , 85 : 177 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , L. W. D. and Greim , H. 1997 . The toxicity of brominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenziofurans: An overview . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 50 : 195 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhelm , M. , Ranft , U. , Kramer , U. , Wittsiepe , J. , Lemm , F. , Furst , P. , Eberwin , G. and Winneke , G. 2008 . Lack of neurodevelopmental adversity by prenatal exposure of infants to current lowered PCB levels: Comparison of two German birth cohort studies . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 71 : 700 – 2 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , J. and Garthwaite , J. 1994 . Models of the diffusional spread of nitric oxide: Implications for neural nitric oxide signaling and its pharmacological properties . Neuropharmacology , 33 : 1235 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 1994. Environmental health criteria 162. Brominated diphenyl ethers. Geneva, Switzerland: International Program on Chemical Safety, WHO https://apps.who.int/dsa/cat97/zehc2.htm (https://apps.who.int/dsa/cat97/zehc2.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Yamada , K. , Hiramatsu , M. , Noda , Y. , Mamiya , T. , Murai , M. , Kameyama , T. , Komori , Y. , Nikai , T. , Sugihara , H. and Nabeshima , T. 1996 . Role of nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in the dizocilpine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in mice . Neuroscience , 74 : 365 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagihara , D. and Kondo , I. 1996 . Nitric oxide plays a key role in adaptive control of locomotion in cat . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 93 : 13292 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , C. Y. 2006 . Does arsenic exposure increase the risk of development of peripheral vascular diseases in humans? . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 69 : 1797 – 804 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , W. H. , Walczewska , A. , Karanth , S. and McCann , S. M. 1997 . Nitric oxide mediates leptin-induced luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH and leptininduced LH release from the pituitary gland . Endocrinology , 138 : 5055 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , J. , Chen , L. , Chen , D. , Guo , H. , Bi , X. , Ju , Y. , Jiang , P. , Shi , J. , Yu , Z. , Yang , J. , Li , L. , Jiang , Q. , Sheng , G. , Fu , J. , Wu , T. and Chen , X. 2008 . Elevated serum polybrominated diphenyl ethers and thyroid-stimulating hormone associated with lymphocytic micronuclei in Chinese workers from an E-waste dismantling site . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 2195 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing , T. , Chen , L. , Tao , Y. , Wang , M. , Chen , J. and Ruan , D. Y. 2009 . Effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) exposure at different developmental periods on synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of adult rats in vivo . Toxicol. Sci. , 110 : 401 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataraman , P. , Sridhar , M. , Dhanammal , S. , Vijayababu , M. R. , Arunkumar , A. , Srinivasan , N. and Arunakaran , J. 2004 . Effects of vitamin supplementation on PCB (Aroclor 1254)-induced changes in ventral prostatic androgen and estrogen receptors . Endocr. Res. , 30 : 469 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarazua , S. , Perez-Severiano , F. , Delgado , J. M. , Martınez , L. M. , Ortiz-Perez , D. and Jimenez-Capdeville , M. E. 2006 . Decreased nitric oxide production in the rat brain after chronic arsenic exposure . Neurochem. Res. , 31 : 1069 – 1107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. and Snyder , S. H. 1995 . Nitric oxide in the nervous system . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 35 : 213 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. , Jiang , Y. , Zhou , J. , Wu , B. , Liang , Y. , Peng , Z. , Fang , D. , Liu , B. , Huang , H. , He , C. , Wang , C. and Lu , F. 2010 . Elevated body burdens of PBDEs, dioxins, and PCBs on thyroid hormone homeostasis at an electronic waste recycling site in China . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 44 : 3956 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , J. , Kim , D. D. and Peluffo , R. D. 2010 . Nitric oxide can acutely modulate its biosynthesis through a negative feedback mechanism on L-arginine transport in cardiac myocytes . Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. , 299 : C230 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , T. , Ross , D. G. , DeVito , M. J. and Crofton , K. M. 2011 . Effects of short-term in vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormones and hepatic enzyme activities in weanling rats . Toxicol. Sci. , 61 : 76 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , T. , Taylor , M. M. , DeVito , M. J. and Crofton , K. M. 2002 . Developmental exposure to brominated diphenyl ethers results in thyroid hormone disruption . Toxicol. Sci. , 66 : 105 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar