Empowerment, self and engagement in day center occupations: A longitudinal study among people with long-term mental illness

References

• Slade M. Personal Recovery and Mental Illness: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Leamy M, Bird V, Le Boutillier C, et al. Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;199:445–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalley-Hammell KR. Empowerment and occupation: a new perspective. Can J Occup Ther. 2016;83:281–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finfgeld DL. Empowerment of individuals with enduring mental health problems: results from concept analyses and qualitative investigations. Adv Nurs Sci. 2004;27:44–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bejerholm U, Björkman T. Empowerment in supported employment research and practice: is it relevant?. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011;57:588–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett B, Young MS, Teague GB, et al. Recovery orientation of treatment, consumer empowerment, and satisfaction with services: a mediational model. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2010;34:153–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catty J, Burns T, Comas A, et al. Day centres for severe mental illness. Cochrane Database Systematic Review 2007;1:CD001710.
   Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Leufstadius C. Adding quality to day centre activities for people with psychiatric disabilities: staff perceptions of an intervention. Scand J Occup Ther. 2016;23:13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark C. editor. Adult Day Services and Social Inclusion: better Days. London, England: Jessica Kingsley; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Lingwood L. Redesigning Mental Health Day Services. A Modernisation Toolkit for London. London, England: Care Services Improvement Partnership; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant W, Tibbs A, Clark J. Visualising a safe space: the perspective of people using mental health day services. Disabil Soc. 2011;26:611–628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catty J, Burns T. Mental health day centres: their clients and role. Psychiatr Bull. 2001;25:61–66.
   Google Scholar
• Tjörnstrand C, Bejerholm U, Eklund M. Participation in day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities: characteristics of the occupations. Scand J Occup Ther. 2011;18:243–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibitz I, Amering M, Unger A, et al. The impact of the social network, stigma and empowerment on the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry. 2011;26:28–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Sandlund M. Predictors of valued everyday occupations, empowerment and satisfaction in day centres: implications for services for persons with psychiatric disabilities. Scand J Caring Sci. 2014;28:582–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hultqvist J, Eklund M, Leufstadius C. Empowerment and occupational engagement among people with psychiatric disabilities. Scand J Occup Ther. 2015;22:54–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosciulek JF. Structural equation model of the consumer-directed theory of empowerment. Rehabil Couns Bull. 2005;49:40–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjörnstrand C, Bejerholm U, Eklund M. Factors influencing occupational engagement in day centers for people with psychiatric disabilities. Community Ment Health J. 2015;51:48–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjörnstrand C, Bejerholm U, Eklund M. Psychometric testing of a self-report measure of engagement in productive occupations. Can J Occup Ther. 2013;80:101–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers ES, Chamberlin J, Ellison ML, et al. A consumer-constructed scale to measure empowerment among users of mental health services. Psychiatr Serv. 1997;48:1042–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vauth R, Kleim B, Wirtz M, et al. Self-efficacy and empowerment as outcomes of self-stigmatizing and coping in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2007;150:71–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strack KM, Deal WP, Schulenberg SE. Coercion and empowerment in the treatment of individuals with serious mental illness: a preliminary investigation. Psychol Serv. 2007;4:96–106.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan PW, Faber D, Rashid F, et al. The construct validity of empowerment among consumers of mental health services. Schizophr Res. 1999;38:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers ES, Ralph RO, Salzer MS. Validating the empowerment scale with a multisite sample of consumers of mental health services. Ps. 2010;61:933–936.
   Google Scholar
• Bejerholm U, Areberg C. Factors related to the return to work potential in persons with severe mental illness. Scand J Occup Ther. 2014;21:277–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wowra SA, McCarter R. Validation of the Empowerment Scale with an outpatient mental health population. Psychiatr Serv. 1999;50:959–961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ljungqvist I, Topor A, Forssell H, et al. Money and mental illness: a study of the relationship between poverty and serious psychological problems. Community Ment Health J. 2016;52:842–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tambuyzer E, Van Audenhove C. Is perceived patient involvement in mental health care associated with satisfaction and empowerment? Health Expect. 2013;18:516–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris SB, Huang J, Zhao L, et al. Measurement equivalence of the empowerment scale for white and black persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014;37:277–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada S, Suzuki K. Application of Empowerment Scale to patients with schizophrenia: Japanese experience. Psychiatr Clin Neurosci. 2007;61:594–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Gunnarsson AB, Sandlund M, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention to improve day centre services for people with psychiatric disabilities. Aust Occup Ther J. 2014;61:268–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Markström U. Outcomes of a freedom of choice reform in community mental health day center services. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2015;42:664–671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggeri M, Leese M, Thornicroft G, et al. Definition and prevalence of severe and persistent mental illness. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177:149–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Sandlund M. The life situation of people with persistent mental illness visiting day centers: a comparative study. Community Ment Health J. 2012;48:592–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Process of Translation and Adaption of Instruments. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Bjorkman T. Empowerment in people with a mental illness: reliability and validity of the Swedish version of an empowerment scale. Scand J Caring Sci. 2005;19:32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair SJ, Blais MA, Gansler DA, et al. Psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: overall and across demographic groups living within the United States. Eval Health Prof. 2010;33:56–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Bäckström M, Hansson L. Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale. Submitted manuscript. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Priebe S, Huxley P, Knight S, et al. Application and results of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1999;45:7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorkman T, Svensson B. Quality of life in people with severe mental illness. Reliability and validity of the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). Nord J Psychiatry. 2005;59:302–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, et al. The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:766–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Startup M, Jackson MC, Bendix S. The concurrent validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Br J Clin Psychol. 2002;41:417–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tungström S, Söderberg P, Armelius BÅ. Relationships between the global assessment of functioning and other DSM axes in routine clinical work. Ps. 2005;56:439–443.
   Google Scholar
• Croy CD, Novins DK. Methods for addressing missing data in psychiatric and developmental research. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:1230–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox-Wasylyshyn SM, El-Masri MM. Handling missing data in self-report measures. Res Nurs Health. 2005;28:488–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperandei S. Understanding logistic regression analysis. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2014;24:12–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied Logistic Regression, 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Nagelkerke NJD. A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika 1991;78:691–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley R, Harris M, Anglin J. Refuge or rehabilitation? Assessing the development of a women's empowerment center for people with severe mental illness. Community Ment Health J. 2008;44:253–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant W, Craik C, McKay EA. Perspectives of day and accommodation services for people with enduring mental illness. J Ment Health. 2005;14:109–120.
   Google Scholar
• Fitzsimons S, Fuller R. Empowerment and its implications for clinical practice in mental health: a review. J Ment Health. 2002;11:481–499.
   Google Scholar
• Walker JS, Thorne EK, Powers LE, et al. Development of a scale to measure the empowerment of youth consumers of mental health services. J Emot Behav Disord. 2010; 18:51–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier JF, Corbière M, Lecomte T, et al. Citizenship and recovery: two intertwined concepts for civic-recovery. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan PW, Watson AC, Barr L. The self-stigma of mental illness: implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2006;25:875–884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundberg B, Hansson L, Wentz E, et al. Are stigma experiences among persons with mental illness, related to perceptions of self-esteem, empowerment and sense of coherence? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2009;16:516–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston JD, Boyd JE. Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71:2150–2161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnarsson AB, Eklund M. Young people with psychiatric disabilities and their views of day centres. Scand J Occup Ther. 2017;24:167–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crane-Ross D, Lutz W, Roth D. Consumer and case manager perspectives of service empowerment: relationship to mental health recovery. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2006;33:142–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Areberg C, Bejerholm U. The effects of IPS on participants’ engagement, quality of life, empowerment and motivation: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Occup Ther. 2013;20:420–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund M, Tjörnstrand C. Psychiatric rehabilitation in community-based day centres: motivation and satisfaction. Scand J Occup Ther. 2013;20:438–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frain MP, Bishop M, Tschopp MK. Empowerment variables as predictors of outcomes in rehabilitation. J Rehabil 2009;75:27–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillborg H, Svensson T, Danermark B. Expectations, visions and sense of empowerment: in the face of a vocational rehabilitation process for people with psychiatric disabilities. Scand J Disabil Res. 2010;12:109–124.
   Google Scholar
• Clark C, Krupa T. Reflections on empowerment in community mental health: giving shape to an elusive idea. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2002;25:341–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt P, Mandel J, Guedj M. A comparison of six methods for missing data imputation. J Biomet & Biostat 2015;6:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Masterson S, Owen S. Mental health service user's social and individual empowerment: using theories of power to elucidate far-reaching strategies. J Ment Health. 2006;15:19–34.
   Google Scholar
• Castelein S, Van Der Gaag M, Bruggeman R, et al. Measuring empowerment among people with psychotic disorders: a comparison of three instruments. Ps. 2008; 59:1338–1344.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers ES, Teague GB, Lichenstein C, et al. Effects of participation in consumer-operated service programs on both personal and organizationally mediated empowerment: results of multisite study. Jrrd. 2007;44:785–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson DP. The evolving understanding of recovery: what the sociology of mental health has to offer. Humanit Soc. 2012;36:290–308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar