Ethnobotanical survey of wild vegetables in Mbashe and Nkonkobe municipalities, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

References

• Achinewhu, S.C., C.C. Ogbonna, and A.D. Hart. 1995. “Chemical composition of indigenous wild herbs, spices, fruits, nuts and leafy vegetables used as food.” Plant Foods and Human Nutrition 48: 341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afolayan, A.J., and F.O. Jimoh. 2009. “Nutritional quality of some wild leafy vegetables in South Africa.” International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 60 (5): 424–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat, R.B., and T. Rubuluza. 2002. “The bio-diversity of traditional vegetables of the Transkei region in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.” South African Journal of Botany 68 (1): 94–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chigumira, F. 1997. “Conservation and use of traditional vegetables in Zimbabwe.” In Traditional African Vegetables. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 16. Paper presented at the IPGRI International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa: Conservation and Use, 1995 August 29-31, ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Kenya, 1995, edited by L. Guarino, 142–144. Rome/Gatersleben: IPGRI/IPK.
   Google Scholar
• Chweya, J.A. 1985. “Identification and nutritional importance of indigenous green leaf vegetables in Kenya.” Acta Horticulturae 153: 99–108.
   Google Scholar
• Cocks, M.L., and K.F. Wiersum. 2003. “The significance of plant diversity to rural households in the Eastern Cape Province if South Africa.” Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 13: 39–58.
   Google Scholar
• Della, A., D. Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, and A.C. Hadjichambi. 2006. “An Ethnobotanical survey of wild edible plants of Paphos and Larnaca countryside of Cyprus.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2: 34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoAFF. 2010. Amaranthus: Production guideline. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, South Africa. Accessed 2013 June 18]. bit.ly/17jCQv2
   Google Scholar
• Endicott, K.L. 1999. “Gender relations in hunter-gatherer societies.” In The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Hunters and Gatherers., edited by R.B. Lee, and R. Daly, 411–418. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fleuret, A. 1979. “The role of wild foliage plants in the diet: A case study from Lushoto, Tanzania.” Ecology of Food and Nutrition 8: 87–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flyman, M.V., and A.J. Afolayan. 2006. “The suitability of wild vegetables for alleviating human dietary deficiencies.” South African Journal of Botany 72: 492–497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, F.W., and M.E. Norwood Young. 1982. Food from the veld: Edible wild plants of Southern Africa. Johannesburg: Delta books.
   Google Scholar
• Husselman, M., and N. Sizane. 1996. Imifino: A guide to the use of wild leafy vegetables in the Eastern Cape. ISER Monograph Number Two, South Africa: Rhodes University.
   Google Scholar
• Jaca, T.P., and L. Kambizi. 2011. “Antibacterial properties of some wild leafy vegetables of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.” Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5 (13): 2624–2628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labadarios, D., R. Swart, E.M.W. Maunder, H.S. Kruger, G.J. Gericke, P.M.N. Kuzwayo, P.R. Ntsie, et al. 2008. “Executive summary of the National Food Consumption Suervey Fortification Baseline (NFCS-FB-1) South Africa.” South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 21 (2): 245–300.
   Google Scholar
• Lewu, F.B., and S. Mavengahama. 2010. “Wild vegetables in Northern Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa: Current status of production and research needs.” Scientific Research Essays 5 (20): 3044–3048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., H.L. Johnson, S. Cousens, J. Perin, S. Scott, J.E. Lawn, I. Rudan, et al. 2012. “Global, regional and national causes of child mortality: An updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trend since 2000.” Lancet 379 (9832): 2151–2161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Łuczaj, Ł. 2008. “Archival data on wild food plants used in Poland in 1948.” Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4: 4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madisa, M.E., and M.E. Tshamekang. 1997. “Conservation and utilisation of indigenous vegetables in Botswana.” In Traditional African Vegetables. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 16. Paper presented at the IPGRI International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa: Conservation and Use, 1995 August 29–31, ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Kenya, 1995, edited by L. Guarino, 149–153. Rome/Gatersleben: IPGRI/IPK.
   Google Scholar
• Modi, M., A.T. Modi, and S. Hendriks. 2006. “Potential role for wild vegetables in household food security: a preliminary case study in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.” African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition Development 6: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Mushita, A. 1997. “Traditional vegetables in Zimbabwe: The NGO agenda.” In Traditional African Vegetables. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 16. Proceedings of the IPGRI International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa: Conservation and Use, 1995 August 29–31, ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Kenya, 1995, edited by L. Guarino, 145–148. Rome/Gatersleben: IPGRI/IPK.
   Google Scholar
• Ndlovu, J., and A.J. Afolayan. 2008. “Nutritional analysis of South African wild vegetable Corchorus olitorius L.” Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7 (6): 615–618.
   Google Scholar
• Odhav, B., S. Beekrum, and Us. Akula, and H. Baijnath. 2007. “Preliminary assessment of nutritional value of traditional leafy vegetables in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 20: 430–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, O., and A.H. Gentry. 1993. “The useful plants of Tambopata, Peru: II Additional hypothesis testing in quantitative Ethnobotany.” Economic Botany 47: 33–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, E.F., and A.J. Guillarmod. 1974. “Plants gathered as foodstuffs by the Transkeian peoples.” South African Medical Journal 48: 1688–1690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schapera, I. 1965. The Khoisan peoples of South Africa: Bushmen and Hottentots. London: Lowe and Brydone.
   Google Scholar
• SSA. 2000. Measuring Poverty in South Africa 2000: Executive Summary. Pretoria, South Africa: SSA.
   Google Scholar
• SSA. 2003. Census in brief. Report No. 03-02-03 (2001). Pretoria, South Africa: SSA.
   Google Scholar
• Steyn, N.P., J. Olivier, S. Burger, and C. Nesamvuni. 2001. “A survey of wild, green, leafy vegetables and their potential in combating micronutrient deficiencies in rural populations.” South African Journal of Science 97: 276–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uusiku, N.P., A. Oelofse, K.G. Duodu, M.J. Bester, and M. Faber. 2010. “Nutritional value of leafy vegetables of sub-Saharan Africa and their potential contribution to human health: A review.” Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 499–509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Heever, E. 1997. “Conservation and utilisation of indigenous vegetables in Botswana.” In Traditional African Vegetables. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 16. Paper presented at the IPGRI International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa: Conservation and Use, 1995 August 29–31, ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Kenya, 1995, edited by L. Guarino, 154–158. Rome/Gatersleben: IPGRI/IPK.
   Google Scholar
• Van Rensburg, J., W.S.W. Van Averbeke, R. Slabbert, M. Faber, P. Van Jaarsveld, I. Van Heerden, F. Wenhold, and A. Oelofse. 2007. “African leafy vegetables in South Africa.” Water South Africa 33 (3): 317–326.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorster, I.H.J., and W.S. Van Rensburg. 2005. “Traditional vegetables as a source of food in South Africa.” African Crop Science Conference Proceedings 7: 669–671.
   Google Scholar
• Vorster, I.H.J., L.S. Venter, and W.S. Van Rensburg. 2007. “The importance of traditional leafy vegetables in South Africa.” African Journal of Food Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7 (4): 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Wehmeyer, A.S., and E.F. Rose. 1983. “Important indigenous plants used in the Transkei as food supplements.” Bothalia 14: 613–615.
   Google Scholar