Mitochondrial oestrogen receptors and their potential implications in oestrogen carcinogenesis in human breast cancer

References

• Henderson B. E., Feigelson H. S. Hormonal carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 427–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigelson H. S., Henderson B. E. Estrogens and breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17: 2279–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deroo B. J., Korach K. S. Estrogen receptors and human disease. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 561–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall J. M., Couse J. F., Korach K. S. The multifaceted mechanisms of estradiol and estrogen receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 36869–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt S. C., Korach K. S. Estrogen receptors: structure, mechanisms and function. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2002; 3: 193–200
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levin E. R. Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19: 1951–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song R. X., Santen R. J. Membrane initiated estrogen signaling in breast cancer. Biol Reprod 2006; 75: 9–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J. Q., Delannoy M., Cooke C., Yager J. D. Mitochondrial localization of ERalpha and ERbeta in human MCF7 cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286: E1011–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monje P., Boland R. Subcellular distribution of native estrogen receptor alpha and beta isoforms in rabbit uterus and ovary. J Cell Biochem 2001; 82: 467–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monje P., Zanello S., Holick M., Boland R. Differential cellular localization of estrogen receptor alpha in uterine and mammary cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 181: 117–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J. Q., Eshete M., Alworth W. L., Yager J. D. Binding of MCF‐7 cell mitochondrial proteins and recombinant human estrogen receptors alpha and beta to human mitochondrial dna estrogen response elements. J Cell Biochem 2004; 93: 358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedram A., Razandi M., Wallace D. C., Levin E. R. Functional estrogen receptors in the mitochondria of breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2006; 17: 2125–37
   Google Scholar
• Chen J. Q., Russo P. A., Cooke C., Russo I. H., Russo J. ERbeta shifts from mitochondria to nucleus during estrogen‐induced neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells and is involved in estrogen‐induced synthesis of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007; 1773: 1732–46
   Google Scholar
• Chen J. Q., Yager J. D. Estrogen's effects on mitochondrial gene expression: mechanisms and potential contributions to estrogen carcinogenesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1028: 258–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solakidi S., Psarra A. M., Sekeris C. E. Differential subcellular distribution of estrogen receptor isoforms: localization of ERalpha in the nucleoli and ERbeta in the mitochondria of human osteosarcoma SaOS‐2 and hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1745: 382–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solakidi S., Psarra A. M., Nikolaropoulos S., Sekeris C. E. Estrogen receptors α and β (ERα} and ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) in human sperm: localization of ERβ and AR in mitochondria of the midpiece. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 3481–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cammarata P. R., Chu S., Moor A., Wang Z., Yang S. H., Simpkins J. W. Subcellular distribution of native estrogen receptor alpha and beta subtypes in cultured human lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2004; 78: 861–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cammarata P. R., Flynn J., Gottipati S., Chu S., Dimitrijevich S., Younes M., Skliris G., Murphy L. C. Differential expression and comparative subcellular localization of estrogen receptor beta isoforms in virally transformed and normal cultured human lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2005; 81: 165–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S. H., Liu R., Perez E. J., Wen Y., Stevens S. M, Jr. Valencia T, Brun‐Zinkernagel AM, Prokai L, Will Y, Dykens J, Koulen P, Simpkins JW. Mitochondrial localization of estrogen receptor beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 4130–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner T. A., Ayoola K., Drake C. T., Herrick S. P., Tabori N. E., McEwen B. S., Warrier S., Alves S. E. Ultrastructural localization of estrogen receptor beta immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 2005; 491: 81–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirone C., Duckles S. P., Krause D. N., Procaccio V. Estrogen increases mitochondrial efficiency and reduces oxidative stress in cerebral blood vessels. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68: 959–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton D. A. Transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA. Hum Reprod 2000; 15((Suppl 2))11–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clayton D. A. Replication and transcription of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1991; 7: 453–78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Demonacos C. V., Karayanni N., Hatzoglou E., Tsiriyiotis C., Spandidos D. A., Sekeris C. E. Mitochondrial genes as sites of primary action of steroid hormones. Steroids 1996; 61: 226–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J. Q., Yager J. D., Russo J. Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain structure and function by estrogens/estrogen receptors and potential physiological/pathophysiological implications. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1746: 1–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh Y. C., Yu H. P., Suzuki T., Choudhry M. A., Schwacha M. G., Bland K. I., Chaudry I. H. Upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV by estrogen receptor‐beta is critical for inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and restoring cardiac functions following trauma‐hemorrhage. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 41: 511–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santen R. J., Martel J., Hoagland M., Naftolin F., Roa L., Harada N., Hafer L., Zaino R., Pauley R., Santner S. Demonstration of aromatase activity and its regulation in breast tumor and benign breast fibroblasts. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 49((Suppl 1))S93–9, discussion S109–19
   Google Scholar
• Chen S., Itoh T., Wu K., Zhou D., Yang C. Transcriptional regulation of aromatase expression in human breast tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 83: 93–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivenzon‐Segal D., Boldin‐Adamsky S., Seger D., Seger R., Degani H. Glycolysis and glucose transporter 1 as markers of response to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2003; 107: 177–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman E., Rushkin E., Margalit R., Bendel P., Degani H. Tamoxifen induced changes in MCF7 human breast cancer: in vitro and in vivo studies using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 43: 189–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baltrus B. M., Melchior J. B. Effects of administration of estrogens upon enzymes of rat pituitary. II. Aconitase, succinoxidase, and transaminase. Cancer Res 1961; 21: 1360–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastorelli R., Carpi D., Airoldi L., Chiabrando C., Bagnati R., Fanelli R., Moverare S., Ohlsson C. Proteome analysis for the identification of in vivo estrogen‐regulated proteins in bone. Proteomics. 2005; 5: 4836–945
   Google Scholar
• Nemoto Y., Toda K., Ono M., Fujikawa‐Adachi K., Saibara T., Onishi S., Enzan H., Okada T., Shizuta Y. Altered expression of fatty acid‐metabolizing enzymes in aromatase‐deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 1819–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toda K., Takeda K., Akira S., Saibara T., Okada T., Onishi S., Shizuta Y. Alternations in hepatic expression of fatty‐acid metabolizing enzymes in ArKO mice and their reversal by the treatment with 17beta‐estradiol or a peroxisome proliferator. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 79: 11–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamei Y., Suzuki M., Miyazaki H., Tsuboyama‐Kasaoka N., Wu J., Ishimi Y., Ezaki O. 2005 Ovariectomy in mice decreases lipid metabolism‐related gene expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with increased body fat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2005; 51: 110–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Too C. K., Giles A., Wilkinson M. Estrogen stimulates expression of adenine nucleotide translocator ANT1 messenger RNA in female rat hearts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999; 150: 161–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim H., You S., Kim I. J., Farris J., Foster L. K., Foster D. N. Increased mitochondrial‐encoded gene transcription in immortal DF‐1 cells. Exp Cell Res 2001; 265: 339–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi K. C., Tai C. J., Tzeng C. R., Auersperg N., Leung P. C. Adenosine triphosphate activates mitogen‐activated protein kinase in pre‐neoplastic and neoplastic ovarian surface epithelial cells. Biol Reprod 2003; 68: 309–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mujoomdar M., Hoskin D., Blay J. Adenosine stimulation of the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Roles of cell density and adenosine metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66: 1737–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard P. J., Wortham N. C., Tomlinson I. P. The TCA cycle and tumorigenesis: the examples of fumarate hydratase and succinate dehydrogenase. Ann Med, 35: 632–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felty Q., Roy D. Mitochondrial signals to nucleus regulate estrogen‐induced cell growth. Med Hypotheses 2005; 64: 133–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felty Q., Roy D. Estrogen, mitochondria, and growth of cancer and non‐cancer cells. J Carcinog 2005; 4: 1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Felty Q., Xiong W. C., Sun D., Sarkar S., Singh K. P., Parkash J., Roy D. Estrogen‐induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as signal‐transducing messengers. Biochemistry 2005; 44: 6900–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felty Q., Singh K. P., Roy D. Estrogen‐induced G(1)/S transition of G(0)‐arrested estrogen‐dependent breast cancer cells is regulated by mitochondrial oxidant signaling. Oncogene 2005; 24: 4883–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Li Y., Lavigne J. A., Trush M. A., Yager J. D. Increased mitochondrial superoxide production in rat liver mitochondria, rat hepatocytes, and HepG2 cells following ethinyl estradiol treatment. Toxicol Sci 1999; 51: 224–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Delannoy M., Odwin S., He P., Trush M. A., Yager J. D. Enhanced mitochondrial gene transcript, ATP, bcl‐2 protein levels, and altered glutathione distribution in ethinyl estradiol‐treated cultured female rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2003; 75: 271–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrella P., Xiao Y., Fliss M., Sanchez‐Cespedes M., Mazzarelli P., Rinaldi M., Nicol T., Gabrielson E., Cuomo C., Cohen D., Pandit S., Spencer M., Rabitti C., Fazio V. M., Sidransky D. Detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations in primary breast cancer and fine‐needle aspirates. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 7623–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penta J. S., Johnson F. M., Wachsman J. T., Copeland W. C. Mitochondrial DNA in human malignancy. Mutat Res 2001; 488: 119–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard S. M., Bailliet G., Paez G. L., Bianchi M. S., Peltomaki P., Bianchi N. O. Nuclear and mitochondrial genome instability in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4231–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan D. J., Bai R. K., Wong L. J. Comprehensive scanning of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 972–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp M. G., Adams S. M., Walker R. A., Brammar W. J., Varley J. M. Differential expression of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase II in benign and malignant breast tissue. J Pathol 1992; 168: 163–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroemer G., Reed J. C. Mitochondrial control of cell death. Nat Med 2000; 6: 513–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills K. I., Woodgate L. J., Gilkes A. F., Walsh V., Sweeney M. C., Brown G., Burnett A. K. Inhibition of mitochondrial function in HL60 cells is associated with an increased apoptosis and expression of CD14. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263: 294–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J., Silva J. P., Gustafsson C. M., Rustin P., Larsson N. G. Increased in vivo apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 4038–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perillo B., Sasso A., Abbondanza C., Palumbo G. 17beta‐estradiol inhibits apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells, inducing bcl‐2 expression via two estrogen‐responsive elements present in the coding sequence. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 2890–901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang T. T., Phang J. M. Effects of estrogen on apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 2487–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Schwartz D. A., Young T. A., Norris J. S., Yager J. D. Identification of genes whose expression is altered during mitosuppression in livers of ethinyl estradiol‐treated female rats. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17: 2783–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Gokhale M., Schofield B., Odwin S., Yager J. D. Inhibition of TGF‐beta‐induced apoptosis by ethinyl estradiol in cultured, precision cut rat liver slices and hepatocytes. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 1205–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Gokhale M., Li Y., Trush M. A., Yager J. D. Enhanced levels of several mitochondrial mRNA transcripts and mitochondrial superoxide production during ethinyl estradiol‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis and after estrogen treatment of HepG2 cells. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19: 2187–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J., Delannoy M., Odwin S., He P., Trush M. A., Yager J. D. Enhanced mitochondrial gene transcript, ATP, Bcl‐2 protein levels, and altered glutathione distribution in ethinyl estradiol‐treated cultured female rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci. 2003; 75: 271–8
   Google Scholar
• Chen J., Gokhale M., Schofield B., Odwin S., Yager J. D. Inhibition of TGF‐beta‐induced apoptosis by ethinyl estradiol in cultured, precision cut rat liver slices and hepatocytes. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 1205–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L., Andersson S., Warner M., Gustafsson J. A. Estrogen receptor (ER)beta knockout mice reveal a role for ERbeta in migration of cortical neurons in the developing brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 703–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh Y. C., Yu H. P., Suzuki T., Choudhry M. A., Schwacha M. G., Bland K. I., Chaudry I. H. Upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory complex IV by estrogen receptor‐beta is critical for inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and restoring cardiac functions following trauma‐hemorrhage. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2006; 47: 511–21
   Google Scholar
• Muss H. B. Endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1992; 21: 15–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R., Leonessa F., Welch J. N., Skaar T. C. Cellular and molecular pharmacology of antiestrogen action and resistance. Pharmacol Rev 2001; 53: 25–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R., Skaar T. C., Bouker K. B., Davis N., Lee Y. R., Welch J. N., Leonessa F. Molecular and pharmacological aspects of antiestrogen resistance. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 76: 71–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorssers L. C., Van der Flier S., Brinkman A., van Agthoven T., Veldscholte J., Berns E. M., Klijn J. G., Beex L. V., Foekens J. A. Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer: elucidating mechanisms. Drugs 2001; 61: 1721–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzenellenbogen B. S., Montano M. M., Ekena K., Herman M. E., McInerney E. M. William L. McGuire Memorial Lecture. Antiestrogens: mechanisms of action and resistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997; 44: 23–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lykkesfeldt A. E. Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Acta Oncol 1996; 35((Suppl 5))9–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso C. M., Custodio J. B., Almeida L. M., Moreno A. J. Mechanisms of the deleterious effects of tamoxifen on mitochondrial respiration rate and phosphorylation efficiency. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 176: 145–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso C. M., Moreno A. J., Almeida L. M., Custodio J. B. 4‐Hydroxytamoxifen induces slight uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system in relation to the deleterious effects of tamoxifen. Toxicology 2002; 179: 221–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso C. M., Moreno A. J., Almeida L. M., Custodio J. B. Comparison of the changes in adenine nucleotides of rat liver mitochondria induced by tamoxifen and 4‐hydroxytamoxifen. Toxicol In Vitro 2003; 17: 663–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuquet C., Dupont J., Mesneau A., Roussaux J. Effects of tamoxifen on the electron transport chain of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Cell Biol Toxicol 2000; 16: 207–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreira P. I., Custodio J., Moreno A., Oliveira C. R., Santos M. S. Tamoxifen and estradiol interact with the flavin mononucleotide site of complex I leading to mitochondrial failure. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 10143–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y., Wang L. M., Chaiswing L., Yen H. C., Oberley T. D., Lien Y. C., Lin S. M., Mattson M. P., St Clair D. Tamoxifen protects against acute tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced cardiac injury via improving mitochondrial functions. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40: 1234–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokue Y., Saijo Y., Satoh K., Motomiya M. Increased levels of mitochondrial DNA in an etoposide‐resistant human monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP‐1/E). Eur J Cancer 1991; 27: 1436–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jancis E. M., Carbone R., Loechner K. J., Dannies P. S. Estradiol induction of rhodamine 123 efflux and the multidrug resistance pump in rat pituitary tumor cells. Mol Pharmacol 1993; 43: 51–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey S. M., Wilson B. C., Moorehead R., Singh G. Mitochondrial alterations in photodynamic therapy‐resistant cells. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 4994–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprecher H., Barr H. M., Slotky J. I., Tzukerman M., Eytan G. D., Assaraf Y. G. Alteration of mitochondrial gene expression and disruption of respiratory function by the lipophilic antifolate pyrimethamine in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 20668–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He C. H., Masson J. Y., Ramotar D. Functional mitochondria are essential for Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular resistance to bleomycin. Curr Genet 1996; 30: 279–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorward A., Sweet S., Moorehead R., Singh G. Mitochondrial contributions to cancer cell physiology: redox balance, cell cycle, and drug resistance. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1997; 29: 385–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalli L. R., Varella‐Garcia M., Liang B. C. Diminished tumorigenic phenotype after depletion of mitochondrial DNA. Cell Growth Differ 1997; 8: 1189–98
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dietze E. C., Caldwell L. E., Grupin S. L., Mancini M., Seewaldt V. L. Tamoxifen but not 4‐hydroxytamoxifen initiates apoptosis in p53(‐) normal human mammary epithelial cells by inducing mitochondrial depolarization. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 5384–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speirs V., Malone C., Walton D. S., Kerin M. J., Atkin S. L. Increased expression of estrogen receptor beta mRNA in tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 5421–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopp T. A., Weiss H. L., Parra I. S., Cui Y., Osborne C. K., Fuqua S. A. Low levels of estrogen receptor beta protein predict resistance to tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 7490–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang H. G., Kim S. J., Chung K. W., Noh D. Y., Kwon Y., Lee E. S., Kang H. S. Tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancers show less frequent methylation of the estrogen receptor beta but not the estrogen receptor alpha gene. J Mol Med. 2004; 83: 132–9
   Google Scholar
• Ogawa S., Inoue S., Watanabe T., Orimo A., Hosoi T., Ouchi Y., Muramatsu M. Molecular cloning and characterization of human estrogen receptor betacx: a potential inhibitor ofestrogen action in human. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26: 3505–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saji S., Omoto Y., Shimizu C., Warner M., Hayashi Y., Horiguchi S., Watanabe T., Hayashi S., Gustafsson J. A., Toi M. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) (beta)cx protein in ER(alpha)‐positive breast cancer: specific correlation with progesterone receptor. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 4849–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saji S., Omoto Y., Shimizu C., Horiguchi S., Watanabe T., Funata N., Hayash S., Gustafsson J. A., Toi M. Clinical impact of assay of estrogen receptor beta cx in breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2002; 9: 303–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fair A. M., Dai Q., Shu X. O., Matthews C. E., Yu H., Jin F., Gao Y. T., Zheng W. Energy balance, insulin resistance biomarkers, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Detect Prev 2007; 31: 214–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhai P., Eurell T. E., Cotthaus R. P., Jeffery E. H., Bahr J. M., Gross D. R. Effects of dietary phytoestrogen on global myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury in isolated female rat hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 281: H1223–32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J., Ramirez V. D. Inhibition of mitochondrial proton F0F1‐ATPase/ATP synthase by polyphenolic phytochemicals. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 130: 1115–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagouge M., Argmann C., Gerhart‐Hines Z., Meziane H., Lerin C., Daussin F., Messadeq N., Milne J., Lambert P., Elliott P., Geny B., Laakso M., Puigserver P., Auwerx J. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC‐1alpha. Cell 2006; 127: 1109–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropero A. B., Alonso‐Magdalena P., Ripoll C., Fuentes E., Nadal A. Rapid endocrine disruption: environmental estrogen actions triggered outside the nucleus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 102: 163–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar