Protothecosis

References

• Rippon JW. Medical Mycology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Berenguer J, Martinez-Suarez JV, Sanchez R. Comparison of a spectrophotometric microdilution method with RPMI-2% glucose with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference macrodilution method m27-p for in-vitro susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole against Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Che-mother 1996; 40: 1998–2003.
   Google Scholar
• Iacoviello VR, DeGirolami PC, Lucarini J, Sutker K, Williams ME, Wanke CA. Protothecosis complicating prolonged endotra-cheal intubation: Case report and literature reviews. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 959–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pore RS, Barnett EA, Barnes WC Jr, Walker JD. Prototheca ecology. Mycopathologia 1983; 81: 49–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venezio FR, Lavoo E, Williams JE, Zeiss CR, Caro WA, Mangkornkanok-Mark M, Phair JP. Progressive cutaneous pro-tothecosis. Am J Clin Pathol 1982; 77: 485–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirth FA, Passalacqua JA, Grace K. Disseminated cutaneous protothecosis in an immunocompromised host: a case report and literature review. Cutis 1999; 63: 185–188.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh SV, Johnson RA, Tahan SR. Protothecosis: an unusual cause of chronic subcutaneous and soft tissue infection. Am J Dermatopathol 1998; 20(4): 379–382.
   Google Scholar
• Zaitz C, Campbell I, Marques AS, Ruiz LRB, Souza VM. Compendio de Micologia Médica. Rio de Janeiro: MEDSI Editora Médica e Cientifica, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• El-Ani AS. Life cycle and variation of Prototheca wickerhamii. Science 1967; 156: 1501–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feo M. Cinco Cepas de Prototheca de origen humano. Mycopath Mycol Appl 1972; 46: 53–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joshi KR, Gavin JB, Wheeler EE. The ultrastructure of Proto-theca wickerhamii. Mycopathologia 1975; 56: 9–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kapica L. First case of human protothecosis in Canada: Laboratory aspects. Mycopathologia 1981; 73: 43–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larone DH. Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification, 2nd edn. New York: Elsevier, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Patni NJ, Aaronson S. The nutrition, resistance to antibiotics and ultrastructure of Prototheca wickerhamii. J Gen Microbiol 1974; 83: 179–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lacaz CS, Porto E, Martins JEC, Heins-Vaccari EM, Melo NT. Tratado de Micologia Médica, 9th edn. Sdo Paulo: SARVIER, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler FW, Kaplan W, Ajello LA. Colour Atlas and Textbook of the Histopathology of Mycotic Disease. Lochen: Wolfe Medical Publications, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Chao S-C, Hsu M M-L, Lee JY-Y. Cutaneous protothecosis: report of five cases. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 688–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolrich A, Koestenblatt E, Don P, Szaniawski W Cutaneous protothecosis and AIDS. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 31: 920–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey WP, Kaykova Y, Bandres JC, Sidhu G, Bräu N. Cutaneous protothecosis in a patient with AIDS and a severe functional, neutrophil defect: successful therapy with amphotericin B. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 1265–1266.
   Google Scholar
• Polk P, Sanders DY. Cutaneous protothecosis in association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. South Med J 1997; 90(8): 831–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piyophirapong S, Linpiyawan R, Mahaisavariya P, Muanprasat C, Chaiprasert A, Suthipinittharm P. Cutaneous protothecosis in an AIDS patient. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 713–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminski ZC, Kapila R, Sharer RL, Kloser P, Kaufman L. Meningitis due to Prototheca wickerhamii in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 704–706.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe ID, Sacks HG, Samorodin CS, Robinson HM. Cutaneous protothecosis in a patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Arch Dermatol 1976; 112: 829–832.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agostini AA, Lisot JMC, Gonzales DHV. Protothecose do cotovelo: relato de um caso. Rev Ass Med Bras 1983; 29: 178–179.
   Google Scholar
• Pegram PS, Kerns FT, Wasilauskas BL, Hampton KD, Scharyj M, Burke JG. Successful ketoconazole treatment of protothecosis with ketoconazole-associated hepatotoxicity. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143: 1802–1805.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McAnally J, Parry EL. Cutaneous protothecosis presenting as recurrent chromomycosis. Arch Dermatol 1985; 121: 1066–1069.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolfson JS, Sober AJ, Rubin RH. Dermatologic manifestations of infections in immunocompromised patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1983; 64: 115–133.
   Google Scholar
• Tyring SK, Lee PC, Walsh P, Garner JF, Little WE Papular protothecosis of the chest. Immunologic evaluation and treatment with a combination of oral tetracycline and topical amphotericin B. Arch Dermatol 1989; 125: 1249–1252.
   Google Scholar
• Moyer RA, Bush DC, Denehy JJ. Prototheca wickerhamii tenosynovitis. J Rheumatol 1990; 17: 701–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierard GE, Rurangirwa A, Arresse Estrada J, Pierard-Franchi-mont C. Protothecose cutanée traitée par itraconazole. Ann Soc Belge _Wel 1990; 70: 105–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heney C, Greef M, Davis V. Hickman catheter-related protothecal algaemia in an immunocompromised child. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 930–933.
   Google Scholar
• Ravisse P, de Bievre C, Campos Magalhdes M, Ramos I, Huerre M. Protothecose cutanée traitée avec succés par l'itraconazole: nouveau cas et revue generale des protothécoses humaines. J Mycol _Wel 1993; 3: 84–94.
   Google Scholar
• Tejada E, Parker CM. Cutaneous erythematous nodular lesion in a crab fisherman. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130(2): 244–245, 247–248.
   Google Scholar
• Mendez CM, Silva-Lizana E, Logemann H. Human cutaneous protothecosis. Int J Dermatol 1995; 34(8): 554–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montclos M, Chatté G, Perrin-Fayolle M, Flandrois JP. Olecra-non bursitis due to Prototheca wickerhamii, an algal opportunistic pathogen. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14: 561–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang WYM, Lo KK, Lam WY, Fung KSC, Koehler A, Cheng AFB. Cutaneous protothecosis: report of a case in Hong Kong. Br J Dermatol 1995; 133: 479–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monopoli A, Accetturi MP, Lombardo G. Cutaneous protothe-cosis. Int J Dermatol 1995; 34(11): 766–767.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyd AS, Langley M, Kin LE. Cutaneous manifestation of Prototheca infections. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32(5): 758–764.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim ST, Suh KS, Shae YS, Kim YJ. Successful treatment with fluconazole of protothecosis developing at the site of an 803–806.
   Google Scholar
• Kwok N, Schwartz SN. Prototheca sepsis in a lung transplant patient. Clin Microbiol Newsletter 1996; 18(23): 183–184.
   Google Scholar
• Galán F, Garcia-Martos P, Palomo MJ, Beltrán M, Gil JL, Mira J. Onychoprotothecosis due to Prototheca wickerhamii. Myco-
   Google Scholar
• Mohabeer AJ, Kaplan PJ, Southern PM, Gander RM. Algaemia due to Prototheca wickerhamii in a patient with myasthenia gravis. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 53(12): 3305-3307.
   Google Scholar
• Buendia A, Patin�o E, Rijlaarsdam M, Loredo ML, Rivera E, Rami�rez S, Attie F. Endocarditis por alga del ge�nero Prototheca sp. Saprofito del aga e de la savia de los a�rboles? Arch Inst Cardiol Me�x 1998; 68: 333–336.
   Google Scholar
• Marr KA, Hirschmann DT, Raugi GJ. Photo Quiz. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26: 575, 756-757.
   Google Scholar
• Raz R, Rottem M, Bisharat M, Sakran W, Nussinson E, Trougouboff P, Sobel J. Intestinal protothecosis in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 399–400.
   Google Scholar
• Schumann K, Hollandworth K, Ormsby A. Non-healing leg ulceration. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136(10): 1263–1268.
   Google Scholar
• Follador I, Bittencourt A, Duran F, Arau�jo MG. Cutaneous protothecosis: report of the second Brazilian case. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 2001; 43(5): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE. Medical Mycology. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Lacaz CS, Porto E, Heins-Vaccari EM, Melo NT. Guia de Identificac�a�o: Fungos, Actinomicetos e Algas de Interesse Me�dico. Sa�o Paulo: SARVIER, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Casal M, Gutierrez J. Simple new test for rapid differentiation of Prototheca wickerhamii from Prototheca zopfii . J Clin Microbiol 1983; 18(4): 992–993.
   Google Scholar
• Sudman MS, Kaplan W. Identification of Prototheca species by immunofluorescence. Appl Microbiol 1973; 25: 981–990.
   Google Scholar