The cost-effectiveness of zuranolone versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of postpartum depression in the United States

References

• Bauman BL, Ko JY, Cox S, et al. Vital signs: postpartum depressive symptoms and provider discussions about perinatal depression—United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(19):575–581. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6919a2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Depression during and after pregnancy [Internet]. Reproductive Health: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [cited 2023 Oct 10].
   Google Scholar
• Stewart DE, Vigod S. Postpartum depression. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(22):2177–2186. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1607649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleby L, Mortensen PB, Faragher EB. Suicide and other causes of mortality after post-partum psychiatric admission. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173(3):209–211. doi: 10.1192/bjp.173.3.209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bodnar-Deren S, Klipstein K, Fersh M, et al. Suicidal ideation during the postpartum period. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016;25(12):1219–1224. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesney E, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(2):153–160. doi: 10.1002/wps.20128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannsen BM, Larsen JT, Laursen TM, et al. All-cause mortality in women with severe postpartum psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173(6):635–642. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindahl V, Pearson JL, Colpe L. Prevalence of suicidality during pregnancy and the postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8(2):77–87. doi: 10.1007/s00737-005-0080-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangla K, Hoffman MC, Trumpff C, et al. Maternal self-harm deaths: an unrecognized and preventable outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221(4):295–303. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses-Kolko EL, Hipwell AE. First-onset postpartum psychiatric disorders portend high 1-year unnatural-cause mortality risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173(6):559–561. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu H, Shen Q, Bränn E, et al. Perinatal depression and risk of suicidal behavior. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(1):e2350897. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox EQ, Sowa NA, Meltzer-Brody SE, et al. The perinatal depression treatment Cascade: baby steps toward improving outcomes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(9):1189–1200. doi: 10.4088/JCP.15r10174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frieder A, Fersh M, Hainline R, et al. Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: current approaches and novel drug development. CNS Drugs. 2019;33(3):265–282. doi: 10.1007/s40263-019-00605-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman LJ, Ali MM. Diagnosis of postpartum depression and timing and types of treatment received differ for women with private and medicaid coverage. Womens Health Issues. 2018;28(6):524–529. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2018.08.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ukatu N, Clare CA, Brulja M. Postpartum depression screening tools: a review. Psychosomatics. 2018;59(3):211–219. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2017.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Liu J, Shuai H, et al. Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):543. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netsi E, Pearson RM, Murray L, et al. Association of persistent and severe postnatal depression with child outcomes. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(3):247–253. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vliegen N, Casalin S, Luyten P. The course of postpartum depression: a review of longitudinal studies. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014;22(1):1–22. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozhimannil KB, Trinacty CM, Busch AB, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum depression care among low-income women. Psychiatr Serv. 2011;62(6):619–625. doi: 10.1176/ps.62.6.pss6206_0619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman JH. Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health. J Adv Nurs. 2004;45(1):26–35. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02857.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vismara L, Rollè L, Agostini F, et al. Perinatal parenting stress, anxiety, and depression outcomes in first-time mothers and fathers: a 3- to 6-months postpartum follow-up study. Front Psychol. 2016;7:938. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koutra K, Chatzi L, Bagkeris M, et al. Antenatal and postnatal maternal mental health as determinants of infant neurodevelopment at 18 months of age in a mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(8):1335–1345. doi: 10.1007/s00127-012-0636-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson RM, Evans J, Kounali D, et al. Maternal depression during pregnancy and the postnatal period: risks and possible mechanisms for offspring depression at age 18 years. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(12):1312–1319. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surkan PJ, Ettinger AK, Hock RS, et al. Early maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative US birth cohort. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14(1):185. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valla L, Wentzel-Larsen T, Smith L, et al. Association between maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and infants’ communication skills: a longitudinal study. Infant Behav Dev. 2016;45(Pt A):83–90. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.10.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verkuijl NE, Richter L, Norris SA, et al. Postnatal depressive symptoms and child psychological development at 10 years: a prospective study of longitudinal data from the South African Birth to Twenty cohort. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014;1(6):454–460. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70361-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolhouse H, Gartland D, Mensah F, et al. Maternal depression from pregnancy to 4 years postpartum and emotional/behavioural difficulties in children: results from a prospective pregnancy cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016;19(1):141–151. doi: 10.1007/s00737-015-0562-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastwood JG, Jalaludin BB, Kemp LA, et al. Relationship of postnatal depressive symptoms to infant temperament, maternal expectations, social support and other potential risk factors: findings from a large Australian cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12(1):148. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-12-148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Behrendt HF, Scharke W, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, et al. Like mother, like child? Maternal determinants of children’s early social-emotional development. Infant Ment Health J. 2019;40(2):234–247. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Maternal depression can undermine the development of young children. Working Paper No. 8. 2009. Available from: https://www.developingchild.harvard.edu.
   Google Scholar
• Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150(6):782–786. doi: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulraney M, Giallo R, Efron D, et al. Maternal postnatal mental health and offspring symptoms of ADHD at 8-9 years: pathways via parenting behavior. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;28(7):923–932. doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-1254-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray L, Arteche A, Fearon P, et al. The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(10):1150–1159. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02259.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siqueira Barcelos R, da Silva Dos Santos I, Matijasevich A, et al. Maternal depression is associated with injuries in children aged 2-4 years: the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. Inj Prev. 2019;25(3):222–227. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilden J, Molenaar NM, Smit AK, et al. Mother-to-infant bonding in women with postpartum psychosis and severe postpartum depression: a clinical cohort study. J Clin Med. 2020;9(7):2291. doi: 10.3390/jcm9072291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare MM, Kroll-Desrosiers A, Deligiannidis KM. Peripartum depression: does risk versus diagnostic status impact mother-infant bonding and perceived social support? Depress Anxiety. 2021;38(4):390–399. doi: 10.1002/da.23121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein A, Pearson RM, Goodman SH, et al. Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1800–1819. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61277-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammerman RT, Chen J, Mallow PJ, et al. Annual direct health care expenditures and employee absenteeism costs in high-risk, low-income mothers with major depression. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:386–394. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epperson CN, Huang MY, Cook K, et al. Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with postpartum depression among commercially insured households. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020;36(10):1707–1716. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1799772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luca DL, Margiotta C, Staatz C, et al. Financial toll of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders among 2017 births in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(6):888–896. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore Simas TA, Huang MY, Packnett ER, et al. Matched cohort study of healthcare resource utilization and costs in young children of mothers with postpartum depression in the United States. J Med Econ. 2020;23(2):174–183. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1679157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rost K, Smith JL, Dickinson M. The effect of improving primary care depression management on employee absenteeism and productivity. A randomized trial. Med Care. 2004;42(12):1202–1210. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200412000-00007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulresso [package insert]. Cambridge (MA): Sage Therapeutics Inc; 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Kanes S, Colquhoun H, Gunduz-Bruce H, et al. Brexanolone (SAGE-547 injection) in post-partum depression: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10093):480–489. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31264-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA News Release: FDA approves first oral treatment for postpartum depression [Internet]. US Food and Drug Administration; 2023 [cited 2023 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-oral-treatment-postpartum-depression
   Google Scholar
• Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, et al. Effect of Zuranolone vs placebo in postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(9):951–959. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurzuvae [package insert]. Cambridge (MA): Sage Therapeutics and Biogen; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Maximos B, et al. Zuranolone for the treatment of postpartum depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2023;180(9):668–675. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• di Scalea TL, Wisner KL. Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10(16):2593–2607. doi: 10.1517/14656560903277202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DR, Epperson CN, Weiss AR, et al. Pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: an update. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014;15(9):1223–1234. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.911842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molyneaux E, Howard LM, McGeown HR, et al. Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(9):Cd002018. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002018.pub2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Powell JG, Garland S, Preston K, et al. Brexanolone (Zulresso): finally, an FDA-approved treatment for postpartum depression. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54(2):157–163. doi: 10.1177/1060028019873320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazer A, Benmansour S. Delayed pharmacological effects of antidepressants. Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7 Suppl 1(S1):S23–S28. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byatt N, Simas TA, Lundquist RS, et al. Strategies for improving perinatal depression treatment in North American outpatient obstetric settings. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2012;33(4):143–161. doi: 10.3109/0167482X.2012.728649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones LE, Turvey C, Carney-Doebbeling C. Inadequate follow-up care for depression and its impact on antidepressant treatment duration among veterans with and without diabetes mellitus in the Veterans Health Administration. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2006;28(6):465–474. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingam R, Scott J. Treatment non-adherence in affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;105(3):164–172. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.1r084.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagha K, Shihabudheen P, Uvais NA. Side effect profiles of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a cross-sectional study in a naturalistic setting. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2021;23(4):20m02747. doi: 10.4088/PCC.20m02747.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferguson JM. SSRI antidepressant medications: adverse effects and tolerability. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;3(1):22–27. doi: 10.4088/pcc.v03n0105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eldar-Lissai A, Cohen JT, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of brexanolone versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of postpartum depression in the United States. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2020;26(5):627–638. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2020.19306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer-Brody S, Howard LM, Bergink V, et al. Postpartum psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):18022. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCabe-Beane JE, Segre LS, Perkhounkova Y, et al. The identification of severity ranges for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. J Reproductive Infant Psychol. 2016;34(3):293–303. doi: 10.1080/02646838.2016.1141346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer-Brody S., Gerbasi ME, Mak C, et al. Indirect comparisons of relative efficacy estimates of zuranolone and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for postpartum depression. J Med Econ. 2024.
   Google Scholar
• Sharp DJ, Chew-Graham C, Tylee A, et al. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial to compare antidepressants with a community-based psychosocial intervention for the treatment of women with postnatal depression: the RESPOND trial. Health Technol Assess. 2010;14(43):iii, iii–iv, ix–xi, 1–153. doi: 10.3310/hta14430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics NCfH. Mortality table 3. Life table for females: United States, 2020. In: LifeExpectancyTables2020, editor. PDF: National Vital Statistics System; 2022. Available from: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/118055
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson A, Anderson S, Wheeler SB. Screening for and treating postpartum depression and psychosis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21(4):903–914. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2192-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazier J, Roberts J, Deverill M. The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36. J Health Econ. 2002;21(2):271–292. doi: 10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00130-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peasgood T, Bhardwaj A, Biggs K, et al. The impact of ADHD on the health and well-being of ADHD children and their siblings. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;25(11):1217–1231. doi: 10.1007/s00787-016-0841-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prevalence of major depressive episode in young adults: National Institute of Mental Health; 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 5].
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura A, Fujita Y, Katsuta M, et al. Paternal postnatal depression in Japan: an investigation of correlated factors including relationship with a partner. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0552-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sapin C, Fantino B, Nowicki ML, et al. Usefulness of EQ-5D in assessing health status in primary care patients with major depressive disorder. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004;2(1):20. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-2-20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenberg PE, Fournier AA, Sisitsky T, et al. The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2010 and 2018). Pharmacoeconomics. 2021;39(6):653–665. doi: 10.1007/s40273-021-01019-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertel KA, Rich-Edwards JW, Koenen KC. Maternal depression in the United States: nationally representative rates and risks. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011;20(11):1609–1617. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans-Lacko S, Knapp M. Global patterns of workplace productivity for people with depression: absenteeism and presenteeism costs across eight diverse countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(11):1525–1537. doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1278-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg PE, Fournier AA, Sisitsky T, et al. The economic burden of adults with major depressive disorder in the United States (2005 and 2010). J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76(2):155–162. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Employer costs for employee compensation—June 2023 [press release]. Washington (DC): U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann PJ, Sanders GD, Russell LB, et al., editors. Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Lakdawalla DN, Doshi JA, Garrison LP, Jr, et al. Defining elements of value in health care—a health economics approach: an ISPOR special task force report [3]. Value Health. 2018;21(2):131–139. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg P, O’Callaghan L, Fournier AA, et al. Impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms among households in the United States. J Affect Disord. 2023;349:107–115. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer price index for all urban consumers: medical care. CPIMEDSL; 2023. Available from: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Median usual weekly earnings (second quartile), employed full time, wage and salary workers, women. LEU0252882700; 2023. Available from: https://www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm
   Google Scholar
• Davies J, Read J. A systematic review into the incidence, severity and duration of antidepressant withdrawal effects: are guidelines evidence-based? Addict Behav. 2019;97:111–121. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Single Technology Appraisal Esketamine for treatment-resistant depression [ID1414]. London (UK): National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Cambron-Mellott MJ, Mettam S, Li VW, et al. Examining the impact of excessive daytime sleepiness on utility scores in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and/or narcolepsy in five European countries. BMC Neurol. 2022;22(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s12883-022-02827-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders GD, Neumann PJ, Basu A, et al. Recommendations for conduct, methodological practices, and reporting of cost-effectiveness analyses: second panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. Jama. 2016;316(10):1093–1103. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.12195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann PJ, Cohen JT, Weinstein MC. Updating cost-effectiveness–the curious resilience of the $50,000-per-QALY threshold. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(9):796–797. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1405158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosse SD. Assessing cost-effectiveness in healthcare: history of the $50,000 per QALY threshold. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2008;8(2):165–178. doi: 10.1586/14737167.8.2.165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garrison LP, Jackson T, Paul D, et al. Value-based pricing for emerging gene therapies: the economic case for a higher cost-effectiveness threshold. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019;25(7):793–799. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2019.18378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mean per capita income in the United States: St. Louis Federal Reserve; 2022 [cited 2024 Feb 2022].
   Google Scholar
• Ride J. Setting the boundaries for economic evaluation: investigating time horizon and family effects in the case of postnatal depression. Value Health. 2018;21(5):573–580. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.10.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman JH. Influences of maternal postpartum depression on fathers and on father-infant interaction. Infant Ment Health J. 2008;29(6):624–643. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgrom J, Holt C. Early intervention to protect the mother-infant relationship following postnatal depression: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15(1):385. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screening and diagnosis of mental health conditions during pregnancy and postpartum. ACOG Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines-Obstetrics; June 2023. Contract No.: 6.
   Google Scholar
• Treatment and management of mental health conditions during pregnancy and postpartum. ACOG Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines-Obstetrics; June 2023. Contract No.: 6.
   Google Scholar
• Bushnell GA, Stürmer T, Swanson SA, et al. Dosing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors among children and adults before and after the FDA black-box warning. Psychiatr Serv. 2016;67(3):302–309. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201500088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly K, Posternak M, Alpert JE. Toward achieving optimal response: understanding and managing antidepressant side effects. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2008;10(4):409–418. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.4/kkelly.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar