275
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Soy and red clover for mid-life and aging

&
Pages 245-263 | Received 23 Nov 2005, Accepted 01 Mar 2006, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Whiteman M K, Staropoli C A, Benedict J C, Borgeest C, Flaws J A. Risk factors for hot flashes in midlife women. J Womens Health 2003; 12: 459–472
  • Rossouw J E, Anderson G L, Prentice R L, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–333
  • Botanicals and Botanical Preparations widely used as food supplements and related products: coherent and comprehensive risk assessment and consumer information approaches, Available at: http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/sc_commitee/sc_documents/616_en.html Accessed November 14, 2005
  • Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Integrative Medicine Communications, Newton, MA 2000, Blumenthal M, ed
  • Lloyd P, Lupton D, Wiesner D, Hasleton S. Choosing alternative therapy: an exploratory study of sociodemographic characteristics and motives of patients resident in Sydney. Aust J Public Health 1993; 17: 135–144
  • Eisenberg D M, Davis R B, Ettner S L, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998; 280: 1569–1575
  • Albertazzi P, Steel S A, Clifford E, Bottazzi M. Attitudes towards and use of dietary supplementation in a sample of postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2002; 5: 374–382
  • Goldstein M S, Glik D. Use of and satisfaction with homeopathy in a patient population. Altern Ther Health Med 1998; 4: 60–65
  • Mahady G B, Parrot J, Lee C, Yun G S, Dan A. Botanical dietary supplement use in peri- and postmenopausal women. Menopause 2003; 10: 65–72
  • Lee M M, Lin S S, Wrensch M R, Adler S R, Eisenberg D. Alternative therapies used by women with breast cancer in four ethnic populations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 42–47
  • The Landmark Report on Public Perceptions of Alternative Care. Landmark Healthcare, Sacramento, CA 1997
  • Geller S E, Studee L, Chandra G. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of health care providers for botanical and dietary supplement use for menopausal health. Menopause 2005; 12: 49–55
  • Beck V, Rohr U, Jungbauer A. Phytoestrogens derived from red clover: an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy?. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 94: 499–518
  • Piersen C E, Booth N L, Sun Y, et al. Chemical and biological characterization and clinical evaluation of botanical dietary supplements: a phase I red clover extract as a model. Curr Med Chem 2004; 11: 1361–1374
  • Geller S E, Studee L. Botanical and dietary supplements for menopausal symptoms: what works, what does not. J Womens Health 2005; 14: 634–649
  • Krebs E E, Ensrud K E, MacDonald R, Wilt T J. Phytoestrogens for treatment of menopausal symptoms: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104: 824–836
  • Wuttke W, Jarry H, Westphalen S, Christoffel V, Seidlova-Wuttke D. Phytoestrogens for hormone replacement therapy?. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 83: 133–147
  • Strong K, Mathers C, Leeder S, Beaglehole R. Preventing chronic diseases: how many lives can we save?. Lancet 2005; 366: 1578–1582
  • Women and heart disease fact sheet. WomenHeart: the National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease, Available at: http://www.womenheart.org/information/women_and_heart_disease_fact_sheet.asp Accessed October 7, 2005
  • Dalais F S, Ebeling P R, Kotsopoulos D, McGrath B P, Teede H J. The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol 2003; 58: 704–709
  • Jenkins D J, Kendall C W, Jackson C J, et al. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 365–372
  • Potter S M, Baum J A, Teng H, Stillman R J, Shay N F, Erdman J W, Jr. Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 1375–9S
  • Vigna G B, Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, et al. Plasma lipoproteins in soy-treated postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2000; 10: 315–322
  • Wangen K E, Duncan A M, Xu X, Kurzer M S. Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 225–231
  • Washburn S, Burke G L, Morgan T, Anthony M. Effect of soy protein supplementation on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal women. Menopause 1999; 6: 7–13
  • Teede H J, Dalais F S, Kotsopoulos D, Liang Y L, Davis S, McGrath B P. Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 3053–3060
  • Chiechi L M, Secreto G, Vimercati A, et al. The effects of a soy rich diet on serum lipids: the Menfis randomized trial. Maturitas 2002; 41: 97–104
  • Engelman H M, Alekel D L, Hanson L N, Kanthasamy A G, Reddy M B. Blood lipid and oxidative stress responses to soy protein with isoflavones and phytic acid in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 590–596
  • Mackey R, Ekangaki A, Eden J A. The effects of soy protein in women and men with elevated plasma lipids. Biofactors 2000; 12: 251–257
  • Blum A, Lang N, Vigder F, et al. Effects of soy protein on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and lipid profile in postmenopausal women with mild hypercholesterolemia. Clin Invest Med 2003; 26: 20–26
  • Cuevas A M, Irribarra V L, Castillo O A, Yanez M D, Germain A M. Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57: 889–894
  • Dent S B, Peterson C T, Brace L D, et al. Soy protein intake by perimenopausal women does not affect circulating lipids and lipoproteins or coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. J Nutr 2001; 131: 2280–2287
  • Gardner C D, Newell K A, Cherin R, Haskell W L. The effect of soy protein with or without isoflavones relative to milk protein on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 728–735
  • Kreijkamp-Kaspers S, Kok L, Grobbee D E, et al. Effect of soy protein containing isoflavones on cognitive function, bone mineral density, and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 65–74
  • West S G, Hilpert K F, Juturu V, et al. Effects of including soy protein in a blood cholesterol-lowering diet on markers of cardiac risk in men and in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. J Womens Health 2005; 14: 253–262
  • Gallagher J C, Satpathy R, Rafferty K, Haynatzka V. The effect of soy protein isolate on bone metabolism. Menopause 2004; 11: 290–298
  • Roughead Z K, Hunt J R, Johnson L K, Badger T M, Lykken G I. Controlled substitution of soy protein for meat protein: effects on calcium retention, bone, and cardiovascular health indices in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 181–189
  • Dewell A, Hollenbeck C B, Bruce B. The effects of soy-derived phytoestrogens on serum lipids and lipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 118–121
  • Simons L A, von Konigsmark M, Simons J, Celermajer D S. Phytoestrogens do not influence lipoprotein levels or endothelial function in healthy, postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 1297–1301
  • Uesugi T, Fukui Y, Yamori Y. Beneficial effects of soybean isoflavone supplementation on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal Japanese women: a four-week study. J Am Coll Nutr 2002; 21: 97–102
  • Campbell M J, Woodside J V, Honour J W, Morton M S, Leathem A J. Effect of red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation on insulin-like growth factor, lipid and antioxidant status in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 173–179
  • Clifton-Bligh P B, Baber R J, Fulcher G R, Nery M L, Moreton T. The effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover (Rimostil) on lipid and bone metabolism. Menopause 2001; 8: 259–265
  • Schult T M, Ensrud K E, Blackwell T, Ettinger B, Wallace R, Tice J A. Effect of isoflavones on lipids and bone turnover markers in menopausal women. Maturitas 2004; 48: 209–218
  • Nestel P J, Pomeroy S, Kay S, et al. Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 895–898
  • Atkinson C, Compston J E, Day N E, Dowsett M, Bingham S A. The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 326–333
  • Howes J B, Sullivan D, Lai N, et al. The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on the lipoprotein profiles of post menopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 2000; 152: 143–147
  • Kam I W, Dennehy C E, Tsourounis C. Dietary supplement use among menopausal women attending a San Francisco health conference. Menopause 2002; 9: 72–78
  • Anderson J W, Johnstone B M, Cook-Newell M E. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 276–282
  • Food labelling: Health Claims; Soy Protein and Coronary Heart Disease. Federal Register: October 26, 1999 1999; 64: 57699–57733, 1999
  • Setchell K D, Brown N M, Lydeking-Olsen E. The clinical importance of the metabolite equol – a clue to the effectiveness of soy and its isoflavones. J Nutr 2002; 132: 3577–3584
  • Melton L J, 3rd. Epidemiology worldwide. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003; 32: 1–13
  • America's Bone Health: The State of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Mass [website], Available at: http://www.nof.org/advocacy/prevalence/ Accessed September 27, 2005
  • Osteoporosis. NHS, [website]. Available at: http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/he.asp?articleID=271&LinkID=6484 Accessed November 14, 2005
  • Harkness L S, Fiedler K, Sehgal A R, Oravec D, Lerner E. Decreased bone resorption with soy isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health 2004; 13: 1000–1007
  • Morabito N, Crisafulli A, Vergara C, et al. Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17: 1904–1912
  • Alekel D L, Germain A S, Peterson C T, Hanson K B, Stewart J W, Toda T. Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuates bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 844–852
  • Lydeking-Olsen E, Beck-Jensen J E, Setchell K D, Holm-Jensen T. Soymilk or progesterone for prevention of bone loss – a 2 year randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43: 246–257
  • Chiechi L M, Secreto G, D'Amore M, et al. Efficacy of a soy rich diet in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis: the Menfis randomized trial. Maturitas 2002; 42: 295–300
  • Chen Y M, Ho S C, Lam S S, Ho S S, Woo J L. Soy isoflavones have a favorable effect on bone loss in Chinese postmenopausal women with lower bone mass: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 4740–4747
  • Chen Y M, Ho S C, Lam S S, Ho S S, Woo J L. Beneficial effect of soy isoflavones on bone mineral content was modified by years since menopause, body weight, and calcium intake: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Menopause 2004; 11: 246–254
  • Dalais F S, Rice G E, Wahlqvist M L, et al. Effects of dietary phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 1998; 1: 124–129
  • Arjmandi B H, Khalil D A, Lucas E A, et al. Soy protein may alleviate osteoarthritis symptoms. Phytomedicine 2004; 11: 567–575
  • Dennison E, Yoshimura N, Hashimoto T, Cooper C. Bone loss in Great Britain and Japan: a comparative longitudinal study. Bone 1998; 23: 379–382
  • Ross P D, Norimatsu H, Davis J W, et al. A comparison of hip fracture incidence among native Japanese, Japanese Americans, and American Caucasians. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 801–809
  • Arjmandi B H, Lucas E A, Khalil D A, et al. One year soy protein supplementation has positive effects on bone formation markers but not bone density in postmenopausal women. Nutr J 2005; 4: 8
  • Schwartz A V, Kelsey J L, Maggi S, et al. International variation in the incidence of hip fractures: cross-national project on osteoporosis for the World Health Organization Program for Research on Aging. Osteoporos Int 1999; 9: 242–253
  • Weaver C M, Cheong J M. Soy isoflavones and bone health: the relationship is still unclear. J Nutr 2005; 135: 1243–1247
  • Avis N E, Stellato R, Crawford S, et al. Is there a menopausal syndrome? Menopausal status and symptoms across racial/ethnic groups. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 345–356
  • Duffy R, Wiseman H, File S E. Improved cognitive function in postmenopausal women after 12 weeks of consumption of a soya extract containing isoflavones. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75: 721–729
  • File S E, Hartley D E, Elsabagh S, Duffy R, Wiseman H. Cognitive improvement after 6 weeks of soy supplements in postmenopausal women is limited to frontal lobe function. Menopause 2005; 12: 193–201
  • Kritz-Silverstein D, Von Muhlen D, Barrett-Connor E, Bressel M A. Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women: the SOy and Postmenopausal Health In Aging (SOPHIA) Study. Menopause 2003; 10: 196–202
  • Penotti M, Fabio E, Modena A B, Rinaldi M, Omodei U, Vigano P. Effect of soy-derived isoflavones on hot flushes, endometrial thickness, and the pulsatility index of the uterine and cerebral arteries. Fertil Steril 2003; 79: 1112–1117
  • Nikander E, Rutanen E M, Nieminen P, Wahlstrom T, Ylikorkala O, Tiitinen A. Lack of effect of isoflavonoids on the vagina and endometrium in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 137–142
  • Unfer V, Casini M L, Costabile L, Mignosa M, Gerli S, Di Renzo G C. Endometrial effects of long-term treatment with phytoestrogens: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fertil Steril 2004; 82: 145–148
  • Hale G E, Hughes C L, Robboy S J, Agarwal S K, Bievre M. A double-blind randomized study on the effects of red clover isoflavones on the endometrium. Menopause 2001; 8: 338–346
  • Chan H Y, Wang H, Leung L K. The red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavone biochanin A modulates the biotransformation pathways of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Br J Nutr 2003; 90: 87–92
  • Chinni S R, Alhasan S A, Multani A S, Pathak S, Sarkar F H. Pleotropic effects of genistein on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2003; 12: 29–34
  • Xiang H, Schevzov G, Gunning P, Williams H M, Silink M. A comparative study of growth-inhibitory effects of isoflavones and their metabolites on human breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Nutr Cancer 2002; 42: 224–232
  • Messina M J, Loprinzi C L. Soy for breast cancer survivors: a critical review of the literature. J Nutr 2001; 131: 3095–108S
  • Day J K, Besch-Williford C, McMann T R, Hufford M G, Lubahn D B, MacDonald R S. Dietary genistein increased DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinoma in wild-type, but not ER alpha KO, mice. Nutr Cancer 2001; 39: 226–232
  • Ohta T, Nakatsugi S, Watanabe K, et al. Inhibitory effects of Bifidobacterium-fermented soy milk on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis, with a partial contribution of its component isoflavones. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 937–941
  • Bodinet C, Freudenstein J. Influence of marketed herbal menopause preparations on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Menopause 2004; 11: 281–289

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.