Obesity in midlife: lifestyle and dietary strategies

References

• World Health Organization; Obesity and overweight. Fact Sheets No 311. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ [last accessed 26 Aug 2019] [Updated May 2014]
   Google Scholar
• American Medical Association. Recognition of obesity as a disease. 2013. Available from: https://www.amaassn.org/ssl3/ecomm/PolicyFinderForm.pl?site=www.ama-assn.org&uri=/resources/html/PolicyFinder/policyfiles/HnE/H-440.842 [last accessed 21 May 2019]
   Google Scholar
• Mechanick JI, Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Garvey WT. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists’ position statement on obesity and obesity medicine. Endocr Pract 2012;18:642–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvey WT, Garber AJ, Mechanick JI, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology consensus conference on obesity: building an evidence base for comprehensive action. Endocr Pract 2014;20:956–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Withrow D, Alter DA. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes Rev 2011;12:131–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C. The medical care costs of obesity: an instrumental variables approach. J Health Econ 2012;31:219–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan LM, Golden A, Jinnett K, et al. Perceptions of barriers to effective obesity care: results from the national ACTION study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018;26:61–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swinburn BA, Sacks G, Hall KD, et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet 2011;378:804–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller C, Larkey L, Distefano JK, et al. Perimenopausal obesity. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010;19:987–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray GA, Frühbeck G, Ryan DH, Wilding JP. Management of obesity. Lancet 2016;387:1947–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadden TA, Webb VL, Moran CH, et al. Lifestyle modification for obesity: new developments in diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. Circulation 2012;125:1157–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet. Geneva. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [last accessed 26 Aug 2019][Updated Jun 2016]
   Google Scholar
• Globesity. Blend of globe and obesity term coined by the World Health Organization in 2001. Available from: https://www.yourdictionary.com/globesity [last accessed 26 Aug 2019]
   Google Scholar
• Chedraui P. Obesity during female midlife. Climacteric 2018;21:1–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Obesity observatory. Obesity prevalence worldwide. 2016. Available from: https://www.worldobesitydata.org/map/overview-women [last accessed 26 Aug 2019]
   Google Scholar
• Lobo RA, Davis SR, De Villiers TJ, et al. Prevention of diseases after menopause. Climacteric 2014;17:540–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P, et al. The Writing Group of the International Menopause Society for World Menopause Day 2012. Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric 2012;15:419–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mechanic JI, Hurley DL, Garvey WT, et al. Adiposity-based chronic disease as a new diagnostic term: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement. ABCDs of Obesity. Endocr Pract 2017;23:372–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity. Endocr Pract 2016;22:1–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles DT. Why quaternary prevention is important? Rev Saude Publica 2017;51:116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos M, Maciek G, Bruno H, John B. Quaternary prevention: reviewing the concept. Eur J Gen Pract 2018;24:106–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baber RJ, Panay N, Fenton A, IMS Writing group. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women's midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric 2016;19:109–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeta S, Digumarti L, Agarwal N, et al. Clinical practice guidelines on menopause: an executive summary and recommendations. J Mid-Life Health 2013;4:77–106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ambikairajah A, Walsh E, Tabatabaei-Jafari H, et al. Fat mass changes during menopause: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019 Apr 26. pii: S0002-9378(19)30588-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.023. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Angeles C, Castelo-Branco C. Cardiovascular risk in climacteric women: focus on diet. Climacteric 2016;19:215–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajian-Tilaki KO, Heidari B. Prevalence of obesity, central obesity and the associated factors in urban population aged 20–70 years, in the north of Iran: a population-based study and regression approach. Obes Rev 2007;8:3–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinge JM, Strand BH, Vollset SE, et al. Educational inequalities in obesity and gross domestic product: evidence from 70 countries. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015;69:1141–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samal S, Panigrahi P, Dutta A. Social epidemiology of excess weight and central adiposity in older Indians: analysis of study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE). BMJ Open 2015;5:e008608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine JA. Poverty and obesity in the U.S. Diabetes 2011;60:2667–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teede HJ, Lombard A, Deeks A. Obesity, metabolic complications and the menopause: an opportunity for prevention. Climacteric 2010;13:203–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu PH, Wu K, Ng K, et al. Association of obesity with risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women. JAMA Oncol 2019;5:37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan AA, Noguti J, Pak Y, et al. Interaction of body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio and sun exposure associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer: a prospective study from the Women's Health Initiative. Cancer 2019;125:1133–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dijk GM, Kavousi M, Troup J, et al. Health issues for menopausal women: the top 11 conditions have common solutions. Maturitas 2015;80:24–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline CG43. Obesity: The prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. London, 2006. Available from: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG43/NICEGuidance/pdf/ [last accessed 26 Aug 2019] [Last updated 2015]
   Google Scholar
• Yildiz BO, Knochenhauer ES, Azziz R. Impact of obesity on the risk for polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:162–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai Y-J, Wu M-P, Hsu Y-W. Emerging health problems among women: inactivity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Gynecol Minimally Invasive Therapy 2014;3:12–14
   Google Scholar
• The Look AHEAD Research Group. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2013;369:145–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mongraw-Chaffin M, Foster MC, Anderson CAM, et al. Metabolically healthy obesity, transition to metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:1857–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brończyk-Puzoń A, Piecha D, Nowak J, et al. Guidelines for dietary management of menopausal women with simple obesity. Prz Menopauzalny 2015;14:48–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jull J, Stacey D, Beach S, et al. Lifestyle interventions targeting body weight changes during the menopause transition: a systematic review. J Obes 2014;2014:1
   Google Scholar
• Mechanick JI, Kushner RF, Mechanick JI, et al. Why lifestyle medicine? Lifestyle Medicine. New York, NY: Spring; 2016:1–8
   Google Scholar
• Kapoor E, Collazo-Clavell ML, Faubion SS. Weight gain in women at midlife: a concise review of pathophysiology and strategies for management. Mayo Clin Proc 2017;92:1552–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obesity and overweight 16 February 2018 key facts. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight [Last accessed 21 Jul 2019]
   Google Scholar
• Holdsworth M, El Ati J, Bour A, et al. Developing national obesity policy in middle-income countries: a case study from North Africa. Health Policy Plan 2013;28:858–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obesity update Available from: https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf [last accessed 26 Aug 2019]
   Google Scholar
• Barnard ND, Scialli AR, Turner-McGrievy G, et al. The effects of a low-fat, plant-based dietary intervention on body weight, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Am J Med 2005;118:991–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2985–3023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunneram Y, Greenwood DC, Burley VJ, et al. Dietary intake and age at natural menopause: results from the UK Women's Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018;72:733–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thom G, Lean M. Is there an optimal diet for weight management and metabolic health? Gastroenterology 2017;152:1739–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerksick CM, Wismann-Bunn J, Fogt D, et al. Changes in weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk after altering macronutrient distributions during a regular exercise program in obese women. Nutr J 2010;9:59–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babio N, Toledo E, Estruch R, et al. Mediterranean diets and metabolic syndrome status in the PREDIMED randomized trial. CMAJ 2014;186:649–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Daniele N, Petramala L, Di Renzo L, et al. Body composition changes and cardiometabolic benefits of a balanced Italian Mediterranean Diet in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol 2013;50:409–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitton C, Rebello SA, Lee J, Tai ES, van Dam RM. A healthy Asian a posteriori dietary pattern correlates with a priori dietary patterns and is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a multiethnic Asian population. J Nutr 2018;148:616–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank HU. OLDWAYS a food and nutrition non-profit helping people live healthier, happier lives. 2018. Available from: https://oldwayspt.org/traditional-diets/asian-heritage-diet; https://oldwayspt.org/traditional-diets/asian-diet/asian-diet-advisors [last accessed 26 Aug 2019]
   Google Scholar
• Bezerra Bueno N, Vieira de Melo IS, Lima de Oliveira S, da Rocha Ataide T. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2013;7:1178–87
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dashti HM, Mathew TC, Hussein T, et al. Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients. Exp Clin Cardiol 2004;9:200–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbasi J. Interest in the ketogenic diet grows for weight loss and type 2 diabetes. JAMA 2018;319:215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson CA, Crane TE, Garcia DO, et al. Association between dietary energy density and obesity-associated cancer: results from the Women's Health Initiative. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018;118:617–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St-Onge MP, Ard J, Baskin ML, et al. Meal timing and frequency: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017;135:96–121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur H, Kochar R. Obesity and menopause: a new nutritional concern. ARC J Nutrition Growth 2015;1:8–13
   Google Scholar
• Kroenke CH1, Caan BJ, Stefanick ML, et al. Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on vasomotor symptoms in the Women's Health Initiative. Menopause 2012;19:980–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedell S, Nachtigall M, Naftolin F. The pros and cons of plant estrogens for menopause. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014;139:225–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pines A. Lifestyle and diet in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2009;12:62–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves-e-Castro M, Birkhäuser M, Samsioe G, et al. EMAS position statement: the ten point guide to the integral management of menopausal health. Maturitas 2015;81:88–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekelund U, Ward HA, Norat T, et al. Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Study (EPIC). Am J Clin Nutr 2015;101:613–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alamuddin N, Bakizada Z, Wadden TA. Management of obesity. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:4295–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flint E, Cummins S. Active commuting and obesity in mid-life: cross-sectional, observational evidence from UK Biobank. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016;4:420–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holger C, Meral ST, Dennis A, et al. Yoga in women with abdominal obesity-a randomized controlled trial. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016;113:645–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khandelwal S. Is yoga beneficial for menopausal symptoms? Climacteric 2013;16:398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubnov-Raz G, Pines A, Berry EM. Diet and lifestyle in managing postmenopausal obesity. Climacteric 200;10:38–41
   Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick S, Bandeen-Roche K, Stevens VJ, et al. Examining the behavioral processes through which lifestyle interventions promote weight loss: results from the PREMIER Trial. Obesity (Silver-Springs) 2014;22:1002–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, et al. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA 2003;289:2083–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn C, Haubenreiser M, Johnson M, et al. Mindfulness approaches and weight loss, weight maintenance, and weight regain. Curr Obes Rep 2018;7:37–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson P, Shuttlewood E, Halder L, et al. Application of mindfulness in a tier 3 obesity service improves eating behaviour and facilitates successful weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019;104:793–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durrer SD, Busetto L, Dicker D, et al. European practical and patient-centred guidelines for adult obesity management in primary care. Obes Facts 2019;12:40–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khera R, Murad MH, Chandar AK, et al. Association of pharmacological treatments for obesity with weight loss and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2016;315:2424–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marta SM, Jarosław W. Dietary interventions and changes in cardio-metabolic parameters in metabolically healthy obese subjects: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutrients 2016;8:455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumithran P, Proietto J. The defence of body weight: a physiological basis for weight regain after weight loss. Clin Sci 2013;124:231–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montesi L, El Ghoch M, Brodosi L, et al. Long-term weight loss maintenance for obesity: a multidisciplinary approach. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016;9:37–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar