Effects of chronic aspartame consumption on MPTP-induced Parkinsonism in male and female mice

References

• Abhilash, M., et al., 2013. Long-term consumption of aspartame and brain antioxidant defense status. Drug and chemical toxicology, 36 (2), 135–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman, G.D., 2005. Comparing groups: three or more independent groups of observations in practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Amin, S.N., et al., 2015. Modification of hippocampal markers of synaptic plasticity by memantine in animal models of acute and repeated restraint stress: implications for memory and behavior. Neuromolecular medicine, 17 (2), 121–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagnostaras, S.G., et al., 2003. Selective cognitive dysfunction in acetylcholine M1 muscarinic receptor mutant mice. Nature neuroscience, 6 (1), 51–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arai, K., et al., 2001. Deterioration of spatial learning performances in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The Japanese journal of pharmacology, 87, 195–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asaka, J., et al., 2006. Androgen receptor is responsible for rat organic cation transporter 2 gene regulation but not for rOCT1 and rOCT3. Pharmaceutical research, 23 (4), 697–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft JD, Gamble M, eds., 2001. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 175–331.
   Google Scholar
• Bergstrom, B.P., Cummings, D.R., and Skaggs, T.A., 2007. Aspartame decreases evoked extracellular dopamine levels in the rat brain: an in vivo voltammetry study. Neuropharmacology, 53 (8), 967–974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak, H., et al., 2004. Stages in the development of Parkinson’s disease-related pathology. Cell and tissue research, 318, 121–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak, H., Sastre, M., and Del Tredici, K., 2007. Development of alpha-synuclein immunoreactive astrocytes in the forebrain parallels stages of intraneuronal pathology in sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Acta neuropathologica, 114, 231–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgert, S.L., et al., 1991. Metabolism of aspartame and its L-phenylalanine methyl ester decomposition product by the porcine gut. Metabolism, 40, 612–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butchko, H.H., et al., 2002. Aspartame: review of safety. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 35(Suppl. 1), S1–S93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri, K.R., Healy, D.G., and Schapira, A.H., 2006. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. The lancet neurology, 5, 235–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christian, B., et al., 2004. Chronic aspartame affects T-maze performance, brain cholinergic receptors and Na+, K+-ATPase in rats. Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 78 (1), 121–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciarlone, A.E., 1978. Further modification of a fluorometric method for analyzing brain amines. Microchemical journal, 23, 9–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulombe, R.A. and Sharma, R.P., 1986. Neuro biochemical alterations induced by the artificial sweetener aspartame (NutraSweet). Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 83, 79–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dailey, J.W., et al., 1991. Amino acids, monoamines and audiogenic seizures in genetically epilepsy-prone rats: effects of aspartame. Epilepsy research, 8, 122–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, T.M. and Dawson, V.L., 2003. Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Science, 302, 819–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, B. and Pillon, B., 1997. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neurology, 244, 2–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunnett, S.B. and Bjorklund, A., 1999. Prospects for new restorative and neuroprotective treatments in Parkinson’s disease. Nature, 399, A32–A39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, G., Sobotka, T., and Hattan, D., 1990. Acute effects of aspartame on concentrations of brain amines and their metabolites in selected brain regions of fischer 344 and spragueedawley rats. Drug and chemical toxicology, 13, 113–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garciamunoz, M., Young, S.J., and Groves, P.M., 1991. Terminal excitability of the corticostriatal pathway. 1. Regulation by dopamine receptor stimulation. Brain research, 551, 195–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasbarri, A., et al., 1996. Spatial memory impairment induced by lesion of the mesohippocampal dopaminergic system in the rat. Neuroscience, 74, 1037–1044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goerss, A.L., Wagner, G.C., and Hill, W.L., 2000. Acute effects of aspartame on aggression and neurochemistry of rats. Life sciences, 67, 1325–1329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliday, G.M. and Stevens, C.H., 2011. Glia: initiators and progressors of pathology in Parkinson’s disease. Movement disorders: official journal of the movement disorder society, 26, 6–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyyaswamy, A. and Rathinasamy, S., 2012. Effect of chronic exposure to aspartame on oxidative stress in the brain of albino rats. Journal of biosciences, 37 (4), 679–688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johlin, F.C., et al., 1987. Studies on the role of folic acid and folate-dependent enzymes in human methanol poisoning. Moleccular pharmacology, 31, 557–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb, B. and Whishaw, I. Q., 2003. Fundamentals of human neuropsychology. 5th ed. New York: Worth Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kruse, J.A., 1992. Methanol poisoning. Intensive Care medicine, 18, 391–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langston, J.W. and Irwin, I., 1986. MPTP: current concepts and controversies. Clinical neuropharmacology, 9, 485–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H.J., et al., 2011. Direct transfer of alpha-synuclein from neuron to astroglia causes inflammatory responses in synucleinopathies. Journal of biological chemistry, 285, 9262–9272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerer, B., Altman, H., and Stanley, M., 1984. Enhancement of memory by a cholinesterase inhibitor associated with muscarinic receptor down-regulation. Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior, 21 (3), 467–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry, O., et al., 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. The journal of biological chemistry, 193, 265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey, S.A. and Berlin, C.M., 1992. Effect of dietary aspartame on plasma concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine in normal and homozygous phenylketonuric patients. Clinical pediatrics, 31 (7), 394–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher, T.J. and Wurtman, R.J., 1987. Possible neurologic effects of aspartame, a widely used food additive. Environmental health perspectives, 75, 53–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkesman, O. and Weller, A., 2009. Two different putative genetic animal models of childhood depression: a review. Progress in neurobiology, 88, 153–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayeux, R., 2003. Epidemiology of neurodegeneration. Annual review of neuroscience, 26, 81–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, E.K., 2000. The prefrontal cortex and cognitive control. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 1, 59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, B., Squire, L.R., and Kandel, E.R., 1998. Cognitive neuroscience and the study of memory. Neuron, 20, 445–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyoshi, E., et al., 2002. Impaired learning in a spatial working memory version and in a cued version of the water maze in rats with MPTP-induced mesencephalic dopaminergic lesions. Brain research bulletin, 58 (1), 41–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuno, Y., Sone, N., and Saitoh, T., 1987. Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion on activities of the enzymes in the electron transport system in mouse brain. Journal of neurochemistry, 48 (6), 1787–1793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olney, J.W., Labruyere, J., D., and Gubareff, T., 1980. Brain damage in mice from voluntary ingestion of glutamate and aspartate. Neurobehavioral toxicology, 2, 125–129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsson, M., et al., 1995. Forelimb akinesia in the rat Parkinson model: differential effects of dopamine agonists and nigral transplants as assessed by a new stepping test. Journal of neuroscience, 15, 3863–3875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan-Hou, H., et al., 1990. Effect of aspartame on N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive L-[3H]glutamate binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes. Brain research, 520, 351–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesarico, A.P., et al., 2014. The antidepressant-like effect of 7-fluoro-1,3-diphenylisoquinoline-1-amine in the mouse forced swimming test is mediated by serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Progress in neuropsychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 54, 179–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappold, P.M. and Tieu, K., 2010. Astrocytes and therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease. Neurotherapeutics: The journal of the American society for experimental neurotherapeutics, 7 (4), 413–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renwick, A.G. and Nordmann, H., 2007. First European conference on aspartame: putting safety and benefits into perspective. Synopsis of presentations and conclusions. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the british industrial biological research association, 45 (7), 1308–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanides, A.J., Duffy, P., and Kalivas, P.W., 1999. Glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents to the prefrontal cortex regulate spatial working memory in rats. Neuroscience, 92, 97–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rycerz, K. and Jaworska-Adamu, J.E., 2013. Effects of aspartame metabolites on astrocytes and neurons. Folia Neuropathologica, 51 (1), 10–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawaguchi, T., 2000. The role of D1-dopamine receptors in working memory-guided movements mediated by frontal cortical areas. Parkinsonism and related disorders, 7, 9–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scientific Committee on Food. 2002. Opinion of the scientific committee on food: update on the safety of aspartame. SCF/CS/ADD/EDUL/222 Final. 10 December 2002. Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Serra, P.A., et al., 2002. The neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induces apoptosis in mouse nigrostriatal glia. Relevance to nigral neuronal death and striatal neurochemical changes. Journal of biological chemistry, 277 (37), 34451–34461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spillantini, M.G., et al., 1998. Alpha-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson’s disease and dementia with lewy bodies. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences USA, 95, 6469–6473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stebbins, G.T., Gabrieli, J.D.E., Masciari, F., Monti, L., and Goetz, C.G., 1999. Delayed recognition memory in Parkinson’s disease: a role for working memory? Neuropsychologia, 37, 503–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, S.K.H., et al., 2011. Serotonin-dependent depression in Parkinson’s disease: a role for the subthalamic nucleus. Neuropharmacology, 61, 387–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tephly, T.R., 1991. The toxicity of methanol. Life sciences, 48, 1031–1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillerson, J.L.1., et al., 2006. Olfactory discrimination deficits in mice lacking the dopamine transporter or the D2 dopamine receptor. Behavioral brain research, 172 (1), 97–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tissingh, G., et al., 1998. Iodine-123-Nomega- fluoropropyl-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iod ophenyl)tropane SPECT in healthy controls and early-stage, drug-naive Parkinson’s disease. Journal of nuclear medicine, 39, 1143–1148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urakami, Y., et al., 1999. Gender differences in expression of organic cation transporter OCT2 in rat kidney. FEBS letters, 461 (3), 339–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, G.V. and Goldman-Rakic, P.S., 1995. Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex. Nature, 376, 572–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar