Using the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to Detect Malingering in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

References

• Belanger , HG , Curtiss , G , Demery , JA , Lebowitz , BK and Vanderploeg , RD . 2005 . Factors moderating neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 11 ( 3 ) : 215 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchini , KJ , Curtis , KL and Greve , KW . 2006 . Compensation and malingering in traumatic brain injury: A dose-response relationship? . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 20 ( 4 ) : 831 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder , LM . 1993 . Portland Digit Recognition Test manual , 2nd ed , Portland, OR : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Binder , LM , Kelly , MP , Villanueva , MR and Winslow , MM . 2003 . Motivation and neuropsychological test performance following mild head injury . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 25 ( 3 ) : 420 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder , LM and Rohling , ML . 1996 . Money matters: A meta-analytic review of the effects of financial incentives on recovery after closed-head injury . American Journal of Psychiatry , 153 ( 1 ) : 7 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher , JN , Dahlstrom , WG , Graham , JR , Tellegren , A and Kaemmer , B . 1989 . MMPI-2: Manual for administration and scoring , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Carroll , LJ , Cassidy , JD , Peloso , PM , Borg , J , von Holst , H Holm , L . 2004 . Prognosis for mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury . Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , : 84 – 105 . (43 Suppl)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curtis , KL , Greve , KW , Bianchini , KJ and Brennan , A . 2006 . California Verbal Learning Test indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Sensitivity and specificity in traumatic brain injury . Assessment , 13 ( 1 ) : 46 – 61 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glassmire , DM , Bierley , RA , Wisniewski , AM , Greene , RL , Kennedy , JE and Date , E . 2003 . Using the WMS-III faces subtest to detect malingered memory impairment . Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology , 25 ( 4 ) : 465 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouvier , WD , Hayes , JS and Smiroldo , BB . 1998 . “ The significance of base rates, test sensitivity, test specificity, and subject's knowledge of symptoms in assessing TBI sequelae and malingering ” . In Detection of malingering during head injury litigation , Edited by: Reynolds , CR . 55 – 80 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Greve , KW and Bianchini , KJ . 2004 . Setting empirical cut-offs on psychometric indicators of negative response bias: A methodological commentary with recommendations . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 19 ( 4 ) : 533 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve , KW , Bianchini , KJ , Love , JM , Brennan , A and Heinly , MT . 2006 . Sensitivity and specificity of MMPI-2 validity scales and indicators to malingered neurocognitive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 20 ( 3 ) : 491 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve , KW , Bianchini , KJ , Mathias , CW , Houston , RJ and Crouch , JA . 2002 . Detecting malingered performance with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: A preliminary investigation in traumatic brain injury . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 16 : 179 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve , KW , Bianchini , KB , Mathias , CW , Houston , RJ and Crouch , JA . 2003 . Detecting malingered performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: Validation of Mittenberg's approach in traumatic brain injury . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 18 : 245 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve , K , Bianchini , K and Roberson , T . 2007 . The Booklet Category Test and malingering in traumatic brain injury: Classification accuracy in known-groups . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 21 ( 2 ) : 318 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , RK , Taylor , MJ and Manly , J . 2003 . “ Demographic effects and use of demographically corrected norms with the WAIS-III and WMS-III ” . In Clinical interpretation of the WAIS-III and WMS-III , Edited by: Tulsky , DS , Saklofske , DH , Chelune , GJ , Heaton , RK , Ivnik , RJ Bornstein , R . 181 – 210 . San Diego, CA : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Hennekens , CH and Buring , JE . 1987 . Epidemiology in medicine , Boston, MA : Little, Brown & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Iverson , GL . 2005 . Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury . Current Opinion in Psychiatry , 18 ( 3 ) : 301 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killgore , WD and DellaPietra , L . 2000a . Item response biases on the logical memory delayed recognition subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III. . Psychological Reports , 86 : 851 – 857 . (3 Pt 1)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Killgore , WD and DellaPietra , L . 2000b . Using the WMS-III to detect malingering: empirical validation of the rarely missed index (RMI) . Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology , 22 ( 6 ) : 761 – 771 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange , RT , Iverson , GL , Sullivan , K and Anderson , D . 2006 . Suppressed working memory on the WMS-III as a marker for poor effort . Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology , 28 ( 3 ) : 294 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langeluddecke , PM and Lucas , SK . 2003 . Quantitative measures of memory malingering on the Wechsler Memory Scale–Third edition in mild head injury litigants . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 18 ( 2 ) : 181 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langeluddecke , PM and Lucas , SK . 2005 . WMS-III findings in litigants following moderate to extremely severe brain trauma . Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology , 27 ( 5 ) : 576 – 590 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee , GJ . 2005 . “ Assessment of malingering ” . In Forensic neuropsychology A scientific approach , Edited by: Larrabee , GJ . 115 – 158 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Larrabee , GJ , Greiffenstein , MF , Greve , KW and Bianchini , KJ . 2007 . “ Refining diagnostic criteria for malingering ” . In Evaluation of malingering in the neuropsychological examination , Edited by: Larrabee , GJ . 334 – 371 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mathias , CW , Greve , KW , Bianchini , KJ , Houston , RJ and Crouch , JA . 2002 . Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction using the reliable digit span in traumatic brain injury . Assessment , 9 ( 3 ) : 301 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers , JE and Diep , A . 2000 . Assessment of malingering in chronic pain patients using neuropsychological tests . Applied Neuropsychology , 7 ( 3 ) : 133 – 139 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meyers , JE , Millis , SR and Volkert , K . 2002 . A validity index for the MMPI-2 . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 17 ( 2 ) : 157 – 169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meyers , JE and Volbrecht , ME . 2003 . A validation of multiple malingering detection methods in a large clinical sample . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 18 ( 3 ) : 261 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee of the Head Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine . 1993 . Definition of mild traumatic brain injury . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 8 : 86 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , LJ , Ryan , JJ , Carruthers , CA and Cluff , RB . 2004 . Brief screening indexes for malingering: A confirmation of Vocabulary minus Digit Span from the WAIS-III and the Rarely Missed Index from the WMS-III . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 18 ( 2 ) : 327 – 333 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millis , SR . 2004 . “ Evaluation of malingered neurocognitive disorders ” . In Principles and practice of behavioral neurology and neuropsychology , Edited by: Rizzo , M and Esslinger , PJ . 1077 – 1089 . Philadelphia, PA : W.B. Saunders Company .
   Google Scholar
• Millis , SR , Putnam , SH , Adams , KM and Ricker , JH . 1995 . The California Verbal Learning Test in the detection of incomplete effort in neuropsychological evaluation . Psychological Assessment , 7 : 463 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Patton , C , Canyock , EM and Condit , DC . 2002 . Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 : 1094 – 1102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabin , LA , Barr , WB and Burton , LA . 2005 . Assessment practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada: A survey of INS, NAN, and APA Division 40 members . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 20 ( 1 ) : 33 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schretlen , DJ and Shapiro , AM . 2003 . A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning . International Review of Psychiatry , 15 ( 4 ) : 341 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slick , DJ , Sherman , EM and Iverson , GL . 1999 . Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 13 ( 4 ) : 545 – 561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tombaugh , T . 1996 . Test of Memory Malingering manual , New York : MultiHealth Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D . 1997a . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale– , Third edition manual , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D . 1997b . Wechsler Memory Scale– , Third edition manual , San Antonio, TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar