Changes in Neuropsychological Performance after Traumatic Brain Injury from Inpatient Rehabilitation to 1-Year Follow-Up in Predicting 2-Year Functional Outcomes

References

• Bate , AJ , Mathias , JL and Crawford , JR . 2001 . Performance on the Test of Everyday Attention and standard tests of attention following severe traumatic brain injury . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 15 ( 3 ) : 405 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini , Y , Drai , D , Elmer , G , Kafkafi , N and Golani , I . 2001 . Controlling the false discovery rate in behavior genetics research . Behavioural Brain Research , 125 : 279 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini , Y and Hochberg , Y . 1995 . Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological) , 57 ( 1 ) : 289 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry , DA and Ayers , GD . 2006 . Symmetrized percent change for treatment comparisons . The American Statistician , 60 ( 1 ) : 27 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boake , C , Millis , SR , High , WM Jr , Delmonico , RL , Kreutzer , JS Rosenthal , M . 2001 . Using early neuropsychologic testing to predict long-term productivity outcome from traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 82 : 761 – 768 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , BK , Colella , B , Inness , E , Hebert , D , Monette , G Bayley , M . 2008 . Recovery of cognitive function after traumatic brain injury: A multilevel modeling analysis of Canadian outcomes . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 89 ( Suppl 2 ) : S3 – S15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu , BC , Millis , S , Arango-Lasprilla , JC , Hanks , R , Novack , T and Hart , T . 2007 . Measuring recovery in new learning and memory following traumatic brain injury: A mixed-effects modeling approach . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 29 ( 6 ) : 617 – 625 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cifu , DX , Keyser-Marcus , L , Lopez , E , Wehman , P , Kreutzer , JS Englander , J . 1997 . Acute predictors of successful return one year after traumatic brain injury: A multicenter analysis . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 78 : 125 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delis , DC , Kramer , JH , Kaplan , E and Ober , BA . 2000 . California Verbal Learning Test- Second Edition, Adult Version , San Antonio , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Dikmen , S , Machamer , J , Powell , J and Temkin , N . 2003 . Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 84 : 1449 – 1457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmen , S , Machamer , J , Temkin , N and McLean , A . 1990 . Neuropsychological recovery in patients with moderate to severe head injury: 2 year follow-up . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 12 : 507 – 519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmen , S , Machamer , J , Winn , H and Temkin , N . 1995 . Neuropsychological outcome at 1 year post head injury . Neuropsychology , 9 : 80 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmen , SS , Heaton , RK , Grant , I and Temkin , NR . 1999 . Test–retest reliability and practice effects of Expanded Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 5 : 346 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmen , SS , Temkin , NR , Machamer , JE , Holubkov , AL , Fraser , RT and Winn , R . 1994 . Employment following traumatic head injuries . Archives of Neurology , 51 : 177 – 186 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladsjo , JA , Miller , SW and Heaton , RK . 1999 . Norms for letter and category fluency: Demographic corrections for age, education, and ethnicity , Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Green , RE , Colella , B , Hebert , DA , Bayley , M , Kang , HS Till , C . 2008 . Prediction of return to productivity after severe traumatic brain injury: Investigations of optimal neuropsychological tests and timing of assessment . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 89 ( Suppl 2 ) : S51 – S60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , K , Cope , N and Rappaport , M . 1985 . Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale: Comparative usefulness in following recovery in traumatic head injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 66 : 35 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks , RA , Millis , S , Ricker , J , Giacino , J , Nakese-Richardson , R Frol , AB . 2008 . The predictive validity of a brief inpatient neuropsychological battery for persons with traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 89 : 950 – 957 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks , RA , Rapport , LJ , Millis , SR and Deshpande , SA . 1999 . Measures of executive functioning as predictors of functional ability and social integration in a rehabilitation sample . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 80 ( 9 ) : 1030 – 1037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoofien , D , Vakil , E , Gilboa , A , Donovick , PJ and Barak , O . 2002 . Comparison of the predictive power of socioeconomic variables, severity of injury, and age on long-term outcome of traumatic brain injury: Sample specific variables versus factors as predictors . Brain Injury , 16 ( 1 ) : 9 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson , NS and Truax , P . 1991 . Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 : 12 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , SC , Bigler , ED , Burr , RB and Blatter , DD . 1994 . White matter atrophy, ventricular dilation, and intellectual functioning following traumatic brain injury . Neuropsychology , 8 : 301 – 315 .
   Google Scholar
• Kersel , DA , Marsh , NV , Havill , JH and Sleigh , JW . 2001 . Neuropsychological functioning during the year following severe traumatic brain injury . Brain Injury , 15 : 283 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klove , H . 1963 . “ Clinical neuropsychology ” . In The medical clinics of North America , Edited by: Forster , FM . New York : Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Kreutzer , JS , Gordon , WA , Rosenthal , M and Marwitz , J . 1993 . Neuropsychological characteristics of patients with brain injury: Preliminary findings from a multicenter investigation . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 8 : 47 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Langlois , JA , Rutland-Brown , W and Thomas , KE . 2004 . Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths , Atlanta , GA : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control .
   Google Scholar
• Levin , HS , Gary , HE , Eisenberg , HM , Ruff , RM , Barth , JT Kreutzer , J . 1990 . Neurobehavioral outcome 1 year after head injury: Experience of the Traumatic Coma Data Bank . Journal of Neurosurgery , 73 : 699 – 709 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak , MD . 1983 . Neuropsychological assessment, , 2nd , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacMillan , PJ , Hart , RP , Martelli , MF and Zasler , ND . 2002 . Pre-injury status and adaptation following traumatic brain injury . Brain Injury , 16 ( 1 ) : 41 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millis , SR , Rosenthal , M and Lourie , IF . 1994 . Predicting community integration after traumatic brain injury with neuropsychological measures . International Journal of Neuroscience , 79 : 165 – 167 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Millis , SR , Rosenthal , M , Novack , TA , Sherer , M , Nick , TG Kreutzer , JS . 2001 . Long-term neuropsychological outcome after traumatic brain injury . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 16 : 343 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novack , T . 2000 . The orientation log , Available from The Center for Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury. http://www.tbims.org/combi/olog
   Google Scholar
• Ponsford , J , Draper , K and Schonberger , M . 2008 . Functional outcome 10 years after traumatic brain injury: Its relationship with demographic, injury severity, and cognitive and emotional status . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 14 : 233 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsford , J and Kinsella , G . 1992 . Attentional deficits following closed head injury . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 14 : 822 – 838 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan , RM . 1958 . Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage . Perceptual & Motor Skills , 8 : 271 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Rohling , ML , Meyers , JE and Millis , SR . 2003 . Neuropsychological impairment following traumatic brain injury: A dose–response analysis . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 17 : 289 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , SR , Millis , SR and Rosenthal , M . 1997 . Neuropsychological prediction of psychosocial outcome after traumatic brain injury . Applied Neuropsychology , 4 : 165 – 170 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruff , RM , Marshall , LF , Crouch , J , Klauber , MR , Levin , HS Barth , J . 1993 . Predictors of outcome following severe head trauma: Follow-up data from the Traumatic Coma Data Bank . Brain Injury , 7 : 101 – 111 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruttan , L , Martin , K , Liu , A , Colella , B and Green , R . 2008 . Long-term cognitive outcome in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis examining timed and untimed tests at 1 and 4.5 or more years after injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 89 ( Suppl 2 ) : S69 – S76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawrie , SM , Chelune , GJ , Naugle , RI and Luders , HO . 1996 . Empirical methods for assessing meaningful neuropsychological change following epilepsy surgery . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 2 : 556 – 564 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schretlen , DJ and Shapiro . 2003 . A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning . International Review of Psychiatry , 15 : 341 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherer , M , Nick , TG , Sander , AM , Hart , T , Hanks , R Rosenthal , M . 2003 . Race and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: Influence of confounding factors . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation , 18 ( 5 ) : 408 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherer , M , Novack , TA , Sander , AM , Struchen , MA , Alderson , A and Thompson , RN . 2002 . Neuropsychological assessment and employment outcome after traumatic brain injury: A review . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 16 : 157 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherer , M , Sander , AM , Nick , TG , High , WM Jr , Malec , JF and Rosenthal , M . 2002 . Early cognitive status and productivity outcome after traumatic brain injury: Findings from the TBI Model Systems . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 83 : 183 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , A . 1982 . Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) manual (revised) , Los Angeles : Western Psychological Services .
   Google Scholar
• Spikman , JM , Timmerman , ME , Van Zomeren , AH and Deelman , BG . 1999 . Recovery versus retest effects in attention after closed head injury . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 21 : 585 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale , GM , Pettigrew , LE , Wilson , JT , Murray , G and Jennett , B . 1998 . Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: A review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale . Journal of Neurotrauma , 15 : 587 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Till , C , Colella , B , Verwegen , J and Green , RE . 2008 . Postrecovery cognitive decline in adults with traumatic brain injury . Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , 89 ( Suppl 2 ) : S25 – S34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. (1997). The Guide for the Uniform Data Set for Medical Rehabilitation (Including the FIM™ Instrument), Version 5.1. Buffalo: UDSMR.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , JTL , Pettigrew , LEL and Teasdale , GM . 2000 . Emotional and cognitive consequences of head injury in relation to the Glasgow outcome scale . Journal of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , 69 : 204 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar