The “Miserable Minority” Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Who Are They and do Meta-Analyses Hide Them?

References

• Alexander , M . 1995 . Mild traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology, natural history, and clinical management . Neurology , 45 : 1253 – 1260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belanger , HG , Curtiss , G , Demery , JA , Lebowitz , BK and Vanderploeg , RD . 2005 . Factors moderating neuropsychological outcome following mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 11 : 215 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bijur , PE , Haslum , M and Golding , J . 1996 . Cognitive outcomes of multiple mild head injuries in children . Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 17 : 143 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder , LM , Rohling , ML and Larrabee , GJ . 1997 . A review of mild head trauma. Part I: Meta-analytic review of neuropsychological studies . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 19 : 421 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brulot , MM , Strauss , E and Spellacy , F . 1997 . Validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 correction factors for use with patients with suspected head injury . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 11 : 391 – 401 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikmen , SS , Machamer , JE , Winn , HR and Temkin , NR . 1995 . Neuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head injury . Neuropsychology , 9 : 80 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frencham , KAR , Fox , AM and Maybery , MT . 2005 . Neuropsychological studies of mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analytic review of research since 1995 . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 27 : 334 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervais , RO , Ben-Porath , YS , Wygant , DB and Green , P . 2008 . Differential sensitivity of the Response Bias Scale (RBS) and MMPI-2 validity scales to memory complaints . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 22 : 1061 – 1079 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouvier , WD , Cubic , B , Jones , G , Brantley , P and Cutlip , Q . 1992 . Post-concussion symptoms and daily stress in normal and head-injured college populations . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 7 : 193 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greiffenstein , MF . 2009 . Clinical myths of forensic neuropsychology . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 23 : 286 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton , RK , Grant , I and Matthews , CG . 1991 . Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan battery. Demographic corrections, research findings, and clinical applications , Odessa, , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Iverson , GL . 2005 . Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury . Current Opinions in Psychiatry , 18 : 301 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson , GL and McCracken , LM . 1997 . “Post-concussive” symptoms in persons with chronic pain . Brain Injury , 11 : 783 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee , GJ . 2003 . Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests . The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 17 : 410 – 425 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees-Haley , PR and Brown , RS . 1993 . Neuropsychological complaint base rates of 170 personal injury claimants . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 8 : 203 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , A , Temkin , NR , Dikmen , S and Wyler , AR . 1983 . The behavioral sequelae of head injury . Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology , 5 : 361 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , DiGuillio , DV , Perrin , S and Bass , AE . 1992 . Symptoms following mild head injury: Expectation as etiology . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry , 55 : 200 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Patton , C , Canyock , E and Condit , D . 2002 . Base rates of malingering and symptom exaggeration . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 : 1094 – 1102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Tremont , G , Zielinski , RF , Fichera , S and Rayls , KR . 1996 . Cognitive behavioral prevention of post-concussion syndrome . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 11 : 139 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittenberg , W , Zielinski , R and Fichera , R . 1993 . Recovery from mild head injury: A treatment manual for patients . Psychotherapy in Private Practice , 12 : 37 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Pertab , JL , James , KM and Bigler , ED . 2009 . Limitations of mild traumatic brain injury meta-analyses . Brain Injury , 23 : 498 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohling , ML . 2011 . Binder, L. M., Demakis, G., Larrabee, G. J., Ploetz, D. M., & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. , A meta-analysis of neuropsychological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury; Re-analyses and reconsiderations of Binder et al. (1997), Frencham et al. (2005), and Pertab et al. (2009). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25, 608–623
   Google Scholar
• Rohling , ML . 2011 . Larrabee, G. J., Greiffenstein, M. F., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Lees-Haley, P., Green, P., & Greve, K. W. , A misleading review of response bias: Comment on McGrath, Mitchell, Kim and Hough (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 137, 708–712
   Google Scholar
• Rohling , ML . 2003 . Meyers, J. E., & Millis, S. R. , Neuropsychological impairment following traumatic brain injury: A dose-response analysis. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 289–302
   Google Scholar
• Ruff , RM . (2005). Two decades of advances in understanding of mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20, 5–18
   Google Scholar
• Ruff , RM , Camenzuli , L and Mueller , J . 1996 . Miserable minority: Emotional risk factors that influence the outcome of a mild traumatic brain injury . Brain Injury , 10 : 551 – 565 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff , RM , Crouch , JA , Troster , AI , Marshall , LF , Buchsbaum , MS Lottenberg , S . 1994 . Selected cases of poor outcome following a minor brain trauma: Comparing neuropsychological and positron emission tomography assessment . Brain Injury , 8 : 297 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff , RM and Jamora , CW . 2009 . Myths and mild traumatic brain injury . Psychological Injury and the Law , 2 : 34 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford , WH , Merrett , JD and McDonald , JR . 1979 . Symptoms at one year following concussion from minor head injuries . Injury , 10 : 225 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schretlen , DJ and Shapiro , AM . 2003 . A quantitative review of the effects of traumatic brain injury on cognitive functioning . International Review of Psychiatry , 15 : 341 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , RA and White , T . 2003 . Neuropsychological assessment battery: Administration, scoring, and interpretation manual , Lutz, , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Suhr , JA and Gunstad , J . 2002 . “Diagnosis threat”: The effect of negative expectations on cognitive performance in head injury . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , 24 : 448 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhr , JA and Gunstad , J . 2005 . Further exploration of the effect of “diagnosis threat” on cognitive performance in individuals with mild head injury . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 11 : 23 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trahan , DE , Ross , CE and Trahan , SL . 2001 . Relationships among post-concussional-type symptoms, depression, and anxiety in neurologically normal young adults and victims of mild brain injury . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , 16 : 435 – 445 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D . 1997a . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition , San Antonio, , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D . 1997b . Wechsler Memory Scale–Third Edition , San Antonio, , TX : The Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D . 2008 . Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition , San Antonio, , TX : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler , D . 2009 . Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition , San Antonio, , TX : Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Zakzanis , KK , Leach , L and Kaplan , E . 1999 . Neuropsychological differential diagnosis , Lisse , , The Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger .
   Google Scholar