From acute stress to persistent post-concussion symptoms: The role of parental accommodation and child’s coping strategies

References

• Abdelmoula, M., Chakroun, W., & Akrout, F. (2015). The effect of sample size and the number of items on reliability coefficients: Alpha and rhô: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Numerical Methods and Applications, 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.17654/IJNMAMar2015_001_020
   Google Scholar
• Al Sayegh, A., Sandford, D., & Carson, A. J. (2010). Psychological approaches to treatment of postconcussion syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 81(10), 1128–1134. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2008.170092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, D. N., Thaler, N. S., Donohue, B., & Mayfield, J. (2010). WISC-IV profiles in children with traumatic brain injury: Similarities to and differences from the WISC-III. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. (1993). Definition of mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8(3), 86–87.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision).
   Google Scholar
• Aviv, I., Shorer, M., Fennig, S., Aviezer, H., Singer-Harel, D., Apter, A., & Pilowsky Peleg, T. (2022). Persistent post-concussion symptoms in children: Pre-injury social difficulties and acute stress reaction as risk factors. Child Neuropsychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2022.2072823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers, T. S., Sandler, I. N., West, S. G., & Roosa, M. W. (1996). A dispositional and situational assessment of children’s coping: Testing alternative models of coping. Journal of Personality, 64(4), 923–958. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00949.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bannon, S. M., Greenberg, J., Goldson, J., O’Leary, D., & Vranceanu, A. M. (2020). A social blow: The role of interpersonal relationships in mild traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics, 61(5), 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2020.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow, K. M. (2016). Postconcussion syndrome: A review. Journal of Child Neurology, 31(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073814543305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow, K. M., Crawford, S., Stevenson, A., Sandhu, S. S., Belanger, F., & Dewey, D. (2010). Epidemiology of postconcussion syndrome in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics, 126(2), e374–e381. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedel, A., Işık, E., & Hamarta, E. (2014). Psychometric properties of the KIDCOPE in Turkish adolescents. Education & Science, 39(176), 227–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, C., McKinlay, A., Krieser, D., Testa, R., & Ponsford, A. J. (2017). Acute post-concussive symptoms in young children. Brain Injury, 31(11), 1414–1421. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1350999
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard, C. O., Ponsford, J. A., McKinlay, A., McKenzie, D., & Krieser, D. (2016). Predictors of post-concussive symptoms in young children: Injury versus non-injury related factors. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 22(8), 793–803. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617716000709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazinova, A., Rehorcikova, V., Taylor, M. S., Buckova, V., Majdan, M., Psota, M., Peeters, W., Feigin, V., Theadom, A., Holkovic, L., & Synnot, A. (2021). Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe: A living systematic review. Journal of Neurotrauma, 38(10), 1411–1440.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breinholst, S., Esbjørn, B. H., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., & Stallard, P. (2012). CBT for the treatment of child anxiety disorders: A review of why parental involvement has not enhanced outcomes. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G. K., & Nicassio, P. M. (1987). Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients. Pain®, 31(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(87)90006-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvocoressi, L., Lewis, B., Harris, M., Trufan, S. J., Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J., & Price, L. H. (1995). Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(3), 441–443.
   Google Scholar
• Casillas, L. M., Elkins, S. R., Walther, C. A., Schanding, G. T., Jr., & Short, M. B. (2021). Helicopter parenting style and parental accommodations: The moderating role of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. The Family Journal, 29(2), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720961496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, S. T., & Chan, A. C. (2003). Factorial structure of the Kidcope in Hong Kong adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164(3), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320309597982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cnossen, M. C., van der Naalt, J., Spikman, J. M., Nieboer, D., Yue, J. K., Winkler, E. A., Manley, G. T., von Steinbuechel, N., Polinder, S., Steyerberg, E. W., & Lingsma, H. F. (2018). Prediction of persistent post-concussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(22), 2691–2698. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. A., & Mannarino, A. P. (2008). Trauma‐focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and parents. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 13(4), 158–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2008.00502.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compas, B. E., & Boyer, M. C. (2001). Coping and attention: Implications for child health and pediatric conditions. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 22(5), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200110000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunn, M. J., & Rodriguez, E. M. (2012). Coping with chronic illness in childhood and adolescence. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8(1), 455–480. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compas, B. E., Malcarne, V. L., & Fondacaro, K. M. (1988). Coping with stressful events in older children and young adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(3), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.3.405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, G. A., Anderson, V., Babl, F. E., Gioia, G. A., Giza, C. C., Meehan, W., Moser, R. S., Purcell, L., Schatz, P., Schneider, K. J., Takagi, M., Yeates, K. O., & Zemek, R. (2017). What is the difference in concussion management in children as compared with adults? A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(12), 949–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, D., Prinstein, M. J., Danovsky, M., & Spirito, A. (2000). Patterns of children’s coping with life stress: Implications for clinicians. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70(3), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donlon, K., & Jones, R. T. (2015). Applying a traumatic stress approach to understanding PCS following pediatric mild TBI. Child Neuropsychology, 21(6), 803–822. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2014.944491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durish, C. L., Yeates, K. O., & Brooks, B. L. (2019). Psychological resilience as a predictor of symptom severity in adolescents with poor recovery following concussion. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 25(4), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617718001169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebata, A. T., & Moos, R. H. (1991). Coping and adjustment in distressed and healthy adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 12(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0193-3973(91)90029-4
   Google Scholar
• Ewing-Cobbs, L., Cox, C. S., Clark, A. E., Holubkov, R., & Keenan, H. T. (2018). Persistent postconcussion symptoms after injury. Pediatrics, 142(5): e20180939. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-0939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, E. R., Montroy, J. J., Duque, G., Cox, C. S., & Ewing-Cobbs, L. (2021). Post-concussion and post-traumatic stress symptoms after pediatric traumatic brain injury: Shared vulnerability factors? Journal of Neurotrauma, 38(18), 2600–2609. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2020.7541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesalingam, K., Yeates, K. O., Ginn, M. S., Taylor, H. G., Dietrich, A., Nuss, K., & Wright, M. (2008). Family burden and parental distress following mild traumatic brain injury in children and its relationship to post-concussive symptoms. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(6), 621–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornall, A., Takagi, M., Morawakage, T., Liu, X., & Anderson, V. (2021). Mental health after paediatric concussion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(18), 1048–1058. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gur, N., Hegedish, O., Hoofien, D., & Pilowsky Peleg, T. (2021). The Temporal Memory Sequence Test (TMST) in children: Validity test performance in clinically referred children. Applied Neuropsychology: Child. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2021.2008936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750903310360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hegedish, O., Kivilis, N., & Hoofien, D. (2015). Preliminary validation of a new measure of negative response bias: The temporal memory sequence test. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 22(5), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2014.940420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holen, S., Lervåg, A., Waaktaar, T., & Ystgaard, M. (2012). Exploring the associations between coping patterns for everyday stressors and mental health in young schoolchildren. Journal of School Psychology, 50(2), 167–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, A. W., Laupacis, D., Kawaguchi, E., Greenspoon, D., & Reed, N. (2018). Key ingredients to an active rehabilitation programme post-concussion: Perspectives of youth and parents. Brain Injury, 32(12), 1534–1540. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1502894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, R. R. (1995). The post-concussional syndrome: Physiogenesis, psychogenesis and malingering. An integrative model. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(6), 675–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(95)00006-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagan, E. R., Frank, H. E., & Kendall, P. C. (2017). Accommodation in youth with OCD and anxiety. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 24(1), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassam‐Adams, N. (2006). The Acute Stress Checklist for Children (ASC‐Kids): Development of a child self‐report measure. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(1), 129–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenardy, J., Le Brocque, R., Hendrikz, J., Iselin, G., Anderson, V., & McKinlay, L. (2012). Impact of posttraumatic stress disorder and injury severity on recovery in children with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.632348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood, M. W., Hargrave, D. D., & Kirk, J. W. (2011). The value of the WISC-IV Digit Span subtest in detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological examinations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26(5), 377–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Buissonnière-Ariza, V., Schneider, S. C., McBride, N. M., Cepeda, S. L., Hart, D., Haney, B., & Storch, E. A. (2020). Parental accommodation of symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain. Journal of Child Health Care, 25(2), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493520923555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., Marin, C., Martino, A., Shimshoni, Y., & Silverman, W. K. (2020). Parent-based treatment as efficacious as cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety: A randomized noninferiority study of supportive parenting for anxious childhood emotions. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(3), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., & Omer, H. (2013). Treating childhood and adolescent anxiety: A guide for caregivers. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., Omer, H., Hermes, H., & Scahill, L. (2014). Parent training for childhood anxiety disorders: The SPACE program. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 21(4), 456–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., Panza, K. E., Su, J., & Bloch, M. H. (2012). Family accommodation in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(2), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.11.200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., Shimshoni, Y., & Silverman, W. K. (2019). Family accommodation mediates nightmares and sleep-related problems in anxious children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 62, 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.01.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebowitz, E. R., Woolston, J., Bar‐Haim, Y., Calvocoressi, L., Dauser, C., Warnick, E., Scahill, L., Chakir, A. R., Shechner, T., Hermes, H., Vitulano, L. A., King, R. A., & Leckman, J. F. (2013). Family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 30(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.21998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzanero, S., Elkington, L. J., Praet, S. F., Lovell, G., Waddington, G., & Hughes, D. C. (2017). Post-concussion recovery in children and adolescents: A narrative review. Journal of Concussion, 1, 205970021772687. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059700217726874
   Google Scholar
• McCrory, P., Meeuwisse, W., Dvořák, J., Aubry, M., Bailes, J., Broglio, S., Cantu, R. C., Cassidy, D., Echemendia, R. J., Castellani, R. J., Davis, G. A., Ellenbogen, R., Emery, C., Engebretsen, L., Feddermann-Demont, N., Giza, C. C., Guskiewicz, K. M., Herring, S., Iverson, G. L., … Vos, P. E. (2017). Consensus statement on concussion in sport—The 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Berlin, October 2016. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(11), 838–847. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally, K. A., Bangert, B., Dietrich, A., Nuss, K., Rusin, J., Wright, M., Taylor, H. G., & Yeates, K. O. (2013). Injury versus noninjury factors as predictors of postconcussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury in children. Neuropsychology, 27(1), 1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, L. J., & Mittenberg, W. (1998). Brief cognitive behavioral interventions in mild traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology, 5(4), 172–183.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mittenberg, W., Wittner, M. S., & Miller, L. J. (1997). Postconcussion syndrome occurs in children. Neuropsychology, 11(3), 447–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nonis, S. A., & Hoyt, D. R. (2004). Coping strategies used by managers in the People’s Republic of China: Relationship with personal characteristics and job outcomes. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 5(3), 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1300/J098v05n03_04
   Google Scholar
• Oldenburg, C., Lundin, A., Edman, G., Deboussard, C. N., & Bartfai, A. (2018). Emotional reserve and prolonged post-concussive symptoms and disability: A Swedish prospective 1-year mild traumatic brain injury cohort study. BMJ Open, 8(7), e020884. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson, K. A., Lloyd, O. T., LeBrocque, R. M., McKinlay, L., Anderson, V. A., & Kenardy, J. A. (2013). Predictors of child post-concussion symptoms at 6 and 18 months following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 27(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2012.729286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadatou, D., Giannopoulou, I., Bitsakou, P., Bellali, T., Talias, M. A., & Tselepi, K. (2012). Adolescents’ reactions after a wildfire disaster in Greece. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterman, J. S., Carper, M. M., Elkins, R. M., Comer, J. S., Pincus, D. B., & Kendall, P. C. (2016). The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety on sleep problems. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 37, 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polinder, S., Cnossen, M. C., Real, R. G., Covic, A., Gorbunova, A., Voormolen, D. C., Master, C. L., Haagsma, J. A., Diaz-Arrastia, R., & Von Steinbuechel, N. (2018). A multidimensional approach to post-concussion symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsford, J., Willmott, C., Rothwell, A., Cameron, P., Ayton, G., Nelms, R., Curran, C., & Ng, K. (2001). Impact of early intervention on outcome after mild traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatrics, 108(6), 1297–1303. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.6.1297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, T., Wegmann, K. M., & Backode, E. (2021). Coping and post-traumatic stress in children and adolescents after an acute onset disaster: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rausa, V. C., Anderson, V., Babl, F. E., & Takagi, M. (2018). Predicting concussion recovery in children and adolescents in the emergency department. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 18(11), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0881-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinoso, M., & Forns, M. (2010). Stress, coping and personal strengths and difficulties in internationally adopted children in Spain. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(12), 1807–1813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickards, T. A., Cranston, C. C., & McWhorter, J. (2022). Persistent post-concussive symptoms: A model of predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 29(2), 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2020.1748032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth, S., & Cohen, L. J. (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. The American Psychologist, 41(7), 813–819. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.7.813
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheenen, M. E., Spikman, J. M., de Koning, M. E., van der Horn, H. J., Roks, G., Hageman, G., & van der Naalt, J. (2017). Patients “at risk” of suffering from persistent complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: The role of coping, mood disorders, and post-traumatic stress. Journal of Neurotrauma, 34(1), 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545–561. https://doi.org/10.1076/1385-4046(199911)13:04;1-Y;FT545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spirito, A. (1996). Commentary: Pitfalls in the use of brief screening measures of coping. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21(4), 573–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/21.4.573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., & Williams, C. (1988). Development of a brief coping checklist for use with pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13(4), 555–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/13.4.555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starkey, N. J., Jones, K., Case, R., Theadom, A., Barker-Collo, S., & Feigin, V. (2018). Post-concussive symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury during childhood and adolescence. Brain Injury, 32(5), 617–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1439533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavinoha, P. L., Butcher, B., & Spurgin, A. A. (2012). Premorbid functional considerations in pediatric concussion. In Pediatric and adolescent concussion (pp. 135–150). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, H. G., Dietrich, A., Nuss, K., Wright, M., Rusin, J., Bangert, B., Minich, N., & Yeates, K. O. (2010). Post-concussive symptoms in children with mild traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology, 24(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teel, E. F., Caron, J. G., & Gagnon, I. J. (2022). Higher parental stress is significantly related to longer clinical recovery times in concussed children: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 25(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson-Hollands, J., Kerns, C. E., Pincus, D. B., & Comer, J. S. (2014). Parental accommodation of child anxiety and related symptoms: Range, impact, and correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(8), 765–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trbovich, A. M., Preszler, J., Emami, K., Cohen, P., Eagle, S., Collins, M. W., & Kontos, A. P. (2022). Is overparenting associated with adolescent/young adult emotional functioning and clinical outcomes following concussion? Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 53(6), 1231–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01204-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Naalt, J., Timmerman, M. E., de Koning, M. E., van der Horn, H. J., Scheenen, M. E., Jacobs, B., Hageman, G., Yilmaz, T., Roks, G., & Spikman, J. M. (2017). Early predictors of outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (UPFRONT): An observational cohort study. The Lancet. Neurology, 16(7), 532–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor, T. L., Boone, K. B., Serpa, J. G., Buehler, J., & Ziegler, E. A. (2009). Interpreting the meaning of multiple symptom validity test failure. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(2), 297–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040802232682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, J. L., Ferguson, P. L., & Smith, G. (2012). The relationship of coping behaviors to depressive symptoms in youth with epilepsy: An examination of caregiver and youth proxy report. Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, 24(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.02.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISCIV) (4th ed.). The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Weintraub, S., Bauer, P. J., Zelazo, P. D., Wallner‐Allen, K., Dikmen, S. S., Heaton, R. K., Tulsky, D. S., Slotkin, J., Blitz, D. L., Carlozzi, N. E., Havlik, R. J., Beaumont, J. L., Mungas, D., Manly, J. J., Borosh, B. G., Nowinski, C. J., & Gershon, R. C. (2013). I. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): Introduction and pediatric data. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodrome, S. E., Yeates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., Rusin, J., Bangert, B., Dietrich, A., Nuss, K., & Wright, M. (2011). Coping strategies as a predictor of post-concussive symptoms in children with mild traumatic brain injury versus mild orthopedic injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 17(2), 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710001700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurdugul, H. (2008). Minimum sample size for Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: A Monte-Carlo study. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(35), 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Zemek, R., Barrowman, N., Freedman, S. B., Gravel, J., Gagnon, I., McGahern, C., Aglipay, M., Sangha, G., Boutis, K., Beer, D., Craig, W., Burns, E., Farion, K. J., Mikrogianakis, A., Barlow, K., Dubrovsky, A. S., Meeuwisse, W., Gioia, G., Meehan, W. P., L., DeMatteo, … Osmond, M. H., Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) Concussion Team. (2016). Clinical risk score for persistent postconcussion symptoms among children with acute concussion in the ED. JAMA, 315(10), 1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.1203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar