An Improved Method for Production of Recombinant Human Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 for Use in Phytopharmaceutical Assessment

References

• Awad R, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau V L, Arnason J T. Effects of traditionally used botanicals on enzymes of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85: 933–942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baekkeskov S, Aanstoot H J, Christgau S, Reetz A, Solimena M, Cascalho M, Folli F, Richter-Olesen H, De Camilli P. Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature 1990; 347: 151–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford M M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976; 72: 248–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandao M L, Di Scala G, Bouchet M J, Schmitt P. Escape behavior produced by the blockade of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in mesencephalic central gray or medial hypothalamus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986; 24: 497–501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bu D F, Erlander M G, Hitz B C, Tillakaratne N J, Kaufman D L, Wagner-McPherson C B, Evans G A, Tobin A J. Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 2115–2119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss K, Drewke C, Lohmann S, Piwonska A, Leistner E. Properties and interaction of heterologously expressed glutamate decarboxylase isoenzymes GAD(65 kDa) and GAD(67 kDa) from human brain with ginkgotoxin and its 5′-phosphate. J Med Chem 2001; 44: 3166–3174
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee T K, Chakraborty A, Pathak M, Sengupta G C. Effects of plant extract Centella asiatica. (Linn.) on cold restraint stress ulcer in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1992; 30: 889–891
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi S Y, Bahn J H, Jeon S G, Chung Y M, Hong J W, Ahn J Y, Lee E H, Cho S W, Park J, Baek N I. Stimulatory effects of ginsenosides on bovine brain glutamate decarboxylase. J Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 31: 233–239
   Google Scholar
• Davis K M, Foos T, Bates C S, Tucker E, Hsu C C, Chen W, Jin H, Tyburski J B, Schloss J V, Tobin A J, Wu J Y. A novel method for expression and large-scale production of human brain l-glutamate decarboxylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 267: 777–782
   Google Scholar
• During M J, Ryder K M, Spencer D D. Hippocampal GABA transporter function in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Nature 1995; 376: 174–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlander M G, Tillakaratne N J, Feldblum S, Patel N, Tobin A J. Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases. Neuron 1991; 7: 91–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erlander M G, Tobin A J. The structural and functional heterogeneity of glutamic acid decarboxylase: A review. Neurochem Res 1991; 16: 215–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddard A W, Mason G F, Almai A, Rothman D L, Behar K L, Petroff O A, Charney D S, Krystal J H. Reductions in occipital cortex GABA levels in panic disorder detected with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 556–561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goddard A W, Mason G F, Appel M, Rothman D L, Gueorguieva R, Behar K L, Krystal J H. Impaired GABA neuronal response to acute benzodiazepine administration in panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 2186–2193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton P J. The scientific basis for the reputed activity of Valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51: 505–512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubert J J, Carter E M. PROBIT: A program in PASCAL for univariate probit analysis with exact confidence limits for LC50. Statistical Series 1990–222, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONCanada 1990
   Google Scholar
• Kapust R B, Waugh D S. Escherichia coli. maltose-binding protein is uncommonly effective at promoting the solubility of polypeptides to which it is fused. Protein Sci 1999; 8: 1668–1674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kash S F, Johnson R S, Tecott L H, Noebels J L, Mayfield R D, Hanahan D, Baekkeskov S. Epilepsy in mice deficient in the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 14060–14065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman D L, Houser C R, Tobin A J. Two forms of the γ-aminobutyric acid synthetic enzyme glutamate decarboxylase have distinct intraneuronal distributions and cofactor interactions. J Neurochem 1991; 56: 720–723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemmli U K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680–685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loscher W, Frey H H. Effect of convulsant and anticonvulsant agents on level and metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid in mouse brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1977; 296: 263–269
   Google Scholar
• Luddens H, Korpi E R, Seeburg P H. GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor heterogeneity: Neurophysiological implications. Neuropharmacology 1995; 34: 245–254
   Google Scholar
• Martin D L, Liu H, Martin S B, Wu S J. Structural features and regulatory properties of the brain glutamate decarboxylases. Neurochem Int 2000; 37: 111–119
   Google Scholar
• Martin D L, Rimvall K. Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in the brain. J Neurochem 1993; 60: 395–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanishi S. Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function. Science 1992; 258: 597–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz J G, Giacobini E, Schmidt-Glenewinkel T. Allylglycine affects acetylation of putrescine and spermidine in mouse brain. Neuropharmacology 1983; 22: 1237–1239
   Google Scholar
• Qu K, Martin D L, Lawrence C E. Motifs and structural fold of the cofactor binding site of human glutamate decarboxylase. Protein Sci 1998; 7: 1092–1105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sambrook J, Fritsch E F, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Second ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 1989
   Google Scholar
• Sardana R K, Awad R, Arnason J T, Trudeau V L. Expression of recombinant goldfish glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and evidence for differential pH and PLP responsiveness compared to the human enzyme. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 144: 94–100
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki K, Hatta S, Haga M, Ohshika H. Effects of bilobalide on gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase in mouse brain. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 367: 165–173
   Google Scholar
• Sasaki K, Hatta S, Wada K, Ohshika H, Haga M. Bilobalide prevents reduction of gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity induced by 4-O.-methylpyridoxine in mouse hippocampus. Life Sci 2000; 67: 709–715
   Google Scholar
• Solimena M, Folli F, Aparisi R, Pozza G, De Camilli P. Autoantibodies to GABA-ergic neurons and pancreatic beta cells in stiff-man syndrome. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1555–1560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stork O, Ji F Y, Kaneko K, Stork S, Yoshinobu Y, Moriya T, Shibata S, Obata K. Postnatal development of a GABA deficit and disturbance of neural functions in mice lacking GAD65. Brain Res 2000; 865: 45–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stork O, Yamanaka H, Stork S, Kume N, Obata K. Altered conditioned fear behavior in glutamate decarboxylase 65 null mutant mice. Genes Brain Behav 2003; 2: 65–70
   Google Scholar
• Tobet S A, Bless E P, Schwarting G A. Developmental aspect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 185: 173–184
   Google Scholar
• Trudeau V L, Spanswick D, Fraser E J, Lariviere K, Crump D, Chiu S, MacMillan M, Schulz R W. The role of amino acid neurotransmitters in the regulation of pituitary gonadotropin release in fish. Biochem Cell Biol 2000; 78: 241–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Mao R, Van de Casteele M, Pipeleers D, Ling Z. Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates GABA formation by pancreatic beta-cells at the level of glutamate decarboxylase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292: E1201–1206
   Google Scholar
• Wei J, Wu J Y. Structural and functional analysis of cysteine residues in human glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) and GAD67. J Neurochem 2005; 93: 624–633
   Google Scholar
• Wijeweera P, Arnason J T, Koszycki D, Merali Z. Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of Gotukola–(Centella asiatica.) extracts and asiaticoside in rat behavioral models. Phytomedicine 2006; 13: 668–676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong C G, Bottiglieri T, Snead O C, 3rd. GABA, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease. Ann Neurol 2003; 54: S3–12, Suppl 6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J Y, Roberts E. Properties of brain l-glutamate decarboxylase: Inhibition studies. J Neurochem 1974; 23: 759–767
   Google Scholar
• Wu J Y. Purification, characterization, and kinetic studies of GAD and GABA-T from mouse brain. GABA in Nervous System Function, E Roberts, T N Chase, D B Tower. Raven Press, New York 1976; 7–55
   Google Scholar