References
- Adamkova H, Vicar J, Palasova J, Ulrichova J, Simanek V (2004): Macleya chordate and Prunella vulgaris in oral hygiene products – their efficacy in control of gingivitis. Biomed Pap 148: 103–105.
- Aderinokun GA, Lawoyin JO, Onyeaso CO (1999): Effect of two Nigerian chewing sticks in gingival health and oral hygiene. Odonto-Stomatol Trop 87: 13–17.
- Adesina SK (2005): The Nigerian Zanthoxylum: Chemical and biological values. Afri J Trad Compl Med 2: 282–301.
- Agbelusi GA, Odukoya OA, Otegbeye AF (2007): In vitro screening of chewing sticks extracts and sap on oral pathogens: Immune compromised infections. Biotech 6: 97–100.
- Andrews JM (2001): Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 48, S5–16.
- Battino M, Ferreiro MS, Armeni T, Politi A, Bompadre S, Massoli A, Bullon P (2005): In vitro antioxidant activities of antioxidant-enriched toothpastes. Free Rad Res 39: 243–350.
- Battino M, Ferreiro MS, Fattorini D, Bullon P (2002): In vitro antioxidant activities of mouth rinses and their components. J Clin Periodontol 29: 462–467.
- Benzie IFF, Strain JJ (1996): The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as measurement of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239: 70–76.
- Durmaz H, Sagun E, Tarakci Z, Ozgokce F (2006): Antibacterial activities of Allium vineale, Chaerophyllum macropodum and Prangos ferulacea. Afri J Biotech 5: 1795–1798.
- Fabry W, Okemo PO, Ansorg R (1998): Antibacterial activity of East African medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 60: 79–84.
- Fadulu SO (1975): Antimicrobial properties of the buffer actions of chewing sticks used in Nigeria. Planta Med 27: 123–126.
- Guggenheimer J, Myers D, Weyant R (2000): Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 89: 570–576.
- Konning GH, Agyare C, Ennison B (2004): Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from Ghana. Fitoterapia 75: 65–67.
- Lynch DP (1997): Oral manifestations of HIV disease: An update. Sem Cutaneous Med Surg 16: 257–264.
- Martin MV, Hardy P (1991): Two cases of oral infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Br Dent J 170: 63–64.
- Nair R, Chanda S (2006): Activity of some medicinal plants against certain pathogenic bacterial strains. Ind J Pharmacol 38: 142–144.
- Ndukwe KC, Lamikanra A, Okeke IN (2004): Antibacterial activity in plants used as chewing sticks in Africa. Drugs Fut 29: 1221–1233.
- Ndukwe KC, Okeke IN, Lamikanra A, Adesina SK, Aboderin O (2005): Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of selected chewing sticks. J Contemp Dent Pract 6: 86–94.
- Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar MM (1999): Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal Biochem 269: 337–341.
- Samaranayake LP (1990): Host factors and oral candidosis. In: Samaranyake LP, MacFarlane TW, eds., Oral Candidosis. London, Wright, pp. 66–103.
- Sanne I (2001) Treating HIV/AIDS. Archimed 43: 32–34.
- Smith AJ, Morrison D, Robertson D (2003): Efficacy of oral hygienic products against MRSA and MSSA isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 738–739.
- Sote EO, Wilson M (1995): In vitro antibacterial effect of Nigerian tooth cleaning sticks on periondontopathic bacteria. Afri Dent J 9: 15–19.
- Soysa NS, Samaranayake LP, Ellepola ANP (2008): Antimicrobials as a contributory factor in oral candidosis – A brief overview. Oral Dis 14:138–143.
- Taiwo O, Xu H, Lee S (1999): Antibacterial activities of extracts from Nigeria chewing sticks. Phytotherapy Res 13: 675–679.
- Tang SY, Whiteman M, Peng ZF, Jenner A, Yong EL, Halliwell B (2004): Characterization of antioxidant and antiglycation properties and isolation of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines. Free Rad Biol Med 36: 1575–1587.
- Van Vuuren SF, Viljoen AM (2006): In vitro antimicrobial activity of toothbrush sticks used in Ethiopia. South Afri J Bot 73: 646–648.
- Voss A, Milatovic D, Wallrauch-Schwarz C, Rosdahl VT, Braveny I (1994): Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 13: 50–55.
- Wannet WJB, Spalburg E, Heck, , MEOC Pluister GN, Willems RJL, de Neeling AJ (2004): Widespread dissemination in the Netherlands of the epidemic Berlin methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone with low-level resistance to oxacillin. J Clin Microbiol 42: 3077–3082.