13
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The formal specification of an electrocardiogram compressor

&
Pages 11-32 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

  • JOHNSON ,P., and ANDREWS, D. C., 1996, Remote continuous physiological monitoring in the home. Technical Report (Oxford, UK: Maternal Infant Care and Telemonitoring Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital).
  • ?TAJER, D., GORUP, S., GORUP, Z., and RODE, A., 1994, High resolution ECG data storage and graphical presentation. Proceedings of the Thirteenth IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control, Anaheim, CA, USA, pp. 23-25.
  • MADHUKAR, B., and MURTHY, I. S. N., 1993, ECG data compression by modeling. Computers and Biomedical Research, 26(3), 310-317.
  • KOHAMA, T., and NAKAMURA, S. 1994, Noise cancelling for the digital Holter monitoring system. Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 3 (Fundamental Electronic Science), 77(12), 82-91.
  • THOMSON, D. C., HAMILTON, D. J., and SANDHAM, W. A., 1995, Electrocardiogram data compression using artificial neural networks. Applied Signal Processing, 2(1), 16-23.
  • EINARSSON, G., 1991, An improved implementation of predictive coding compression. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 39(2), 169-171.
  • TSUDA, S., SHIMIZU , K, and MATSUMOTO, G., 1993, Efficient application of coding technique for data compression of ECG. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1425-1433.
  • HAMILTON, P. S., and TOMPKINS,W. J., 1991,Compression of the ambulatory ECG by average beat subtraction and residual differencing. IEEE Transactionson Biomedical Engineering, 38(3), 253-259.
  • PAGGETTI, C., LUSINI, M., VARANINI, M., TADDEI, A., and MARCHESI, C., 1994, A multichannel template based data compression algorithm. Proceedings of Computers m Cardiology (Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 629-632.
  • UCHIYAMA, T., AKAZAWA, K., and SASAMORI, A., 1993, Data compression of ambulatory ECG by using multi-template matching and residual coding. IEICE Transactionson Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1419-1424.
  • AYDIN, M. C., ÇETIN, A. E., and KÖYMEN, H., 1991, ECG data compression by sub-band coding. Electronics Letters, 27(4), 359-360.
  • AASE, S. O., 1995, Filter bank design for subband compression of ECG signals. Proceedings of the Norwegian Signal Processing Sysmposium (NORSIG'95), Hogskolen, Stavanger, Norway, pp 113-118.
  • TAI, S. C., 1995, Improving the performance of electrocardiogram sub-band coder by extensive Markov system. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 33(3), 471-475.
  • HUSOY, J. H., and GJERDE, T. 1996, Computationally efficient sub-band coding of ECG signals. Medical Engineering and Physics, 18(2), 132-142.
  • COX, J. R., NOLLE, F. M., FOZZARD, H. A., and OLIVER, G. C., 1968, AZTEC, a preprocessing algorithm for real-time ECG rhythm analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 15(4), 128-129.
  • MUELLER, W. C., 1978, Arrhythmia detection program for an ambulatory ECG monitor. Biomedical Scientific Instrumentation, 14, 81-85.
  • BLANCHARD, S. M., and BARR, R. C., 1985, Comparison of methods for adaptive sampling of cardiac electrograms and electrocardiograms. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 23, 377-386.
  • ISHUIMA, M., SHIN, S. B., HOSTETTER, G. H., and SKLANSKY, J., 1983, Scan-along polygonal approximation for data compression of electrocardiograms. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 30(11), 723-729.
  • FADALI, M. S., and DWYER, T. A. W., 1986, Compact storage and reconstruction of periodic signals by means of a reproducing kernel. Microcomputer Applications, 5(3), 79-83.
  • SAITOH, Y., HASEGAWA, Y., KIRYU, T., and HORI, J., 1993, Electrocardiogram data compression by the Oslo algorithm and DP matching. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1411-1418.
  • IMAI, H., KIMURA, N., and YOSHIDA, Y., 1985, An efficient encoding method for electrocardiography suing spline functions. Systems and Computers in Japan, 16(3), 85-94.
  • McAULIFFE, J. D., 1993, Data compression of the exercise ECG using a Kohonen neural network. Journal of Electrocardiology, 26 (Suppl.), 80-89.
  • HAMILTON, D. J., THOMSON, D. C., and SANDHAM, W. A., 1995, ANN Compression of morphologically similar ECG complexes. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 33(6), 841-843.
  • MORITA, H., and KOBAYASHI, K., 1993, Data compression of ECG based on the edit distance algorithms. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1443-1453.
  • BARLAS, G. D., and SKORDALAKIS, E. S., 1996, A novel family of compression algorithms for ECG and other semiperiodical, one-dimensional, biomedical signals. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 43(8), 820-828.
  • ABENSTEIN, J. P., and TOMPKINS, W. J., 1982, New data-reduction algorithm for real-time ECG analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 29, 43-48.
  • PASSARIELLO, G., GAVIDIA, L., RODRIGUEZ, F., CONDADO, J., RUESTA, V., Roux, C., and MORA, F., 1991, Arithmetic coding for ECG data compression. Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology (Los Alanritos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 593-596.
  • JALALEDDINE, S. M. S., and HUTCHENS, C. G., 1990, SAIES: a new ECG data compression algorithm. Journal of Clinical Engineering, 15(1), 45-51.
  • SHAHEIN, H. I., and ABBAS, H. M., 1994, ECG data compression via cubic-splines and scan-along polygonal approximation. Signal Processing, 35(3), 269-283.
  • ODAIYAPPAN ,P.,and KUMAR, K. S.,1994,ECG data compression techniques using microprocessors. Advances in Modelling and Analysis B, 31(4), 41-46.
  • JALALEDDINE, S. M. S., HUTCHENS, C. G., STRATTAN, R. D., and COBERLY, W. A., 1990, ECG data compression techniques-a unified approach. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 37(4), 329-343.
  • AHMED, N., MILNE, P. J., and HARRIS, S. G., 1975, Electrocardiographic data compression via orthogonal transforms. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 22, 484-487.
  • DE FEREZ, T. A., STEFANELLI, M. C., and D'ALVANO, F., 1987, ECG data compression via exponential quantization of the Walsh spectrum. Journal of Clinical Engineering, 12(5), 373-378.
  • TA, N. P., ATTIKIOUZEL, Y., and CREBBIN, G., 1990, Electrocardiogram compression using lapped orthogonal transform. Proceedings of Third Annual IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 244-251.
  • DEGANI, R., BORTOLAN, G, and MUROLO, R., 1991, Karhunen-Loeve coding of ECG signals. Proceedings of Computes in Cardiology (Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 395-398.
  • PHILIPS, W., and DE JONGHE, G., 1992, Data compression of ECG's by high-degree polynomial approximation. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 39(4), 330-337.
  • CHEN, J., ITOH, S., and HASHIMOTO, T., 1993, ECG data compression by using wavelet transform. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1454-1461.
  • ANANDKUMAR,J.,and SZU,H., 1995,Compression of the electrocardiogram(ECG)using an adaptive orthonormal wavelet basis architecture. Proceedings of the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2491(2), 860-874.
  • MORGAN,C. C., and SUFRIN, B. A., 1984, Specification of the Unix filing system. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 10(2), 128-142.
  • HAYES, I., 1987, Specification Case Studies (London: Prentice-Hall International).
  • SPIVEY, J. M., 1988, The Z Notation: A Reference Manual (London: Prentice-Hall International).
  • FURHT, B., and PEREZ, A., 1988, An adaptive real-time ECG compression algorithm with variable threshold. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 35(6), 489-494.
  • PINCIROLI ,F.,and COMBI ,C., 1988,Compression of ECG signals in Holter Monitoring. Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care (Washington, DC, USA : IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 488-492.
  • ZYWIETZ, C., JOSEPH, G., FISCHER, R., DEGANI, R., and WILLEMS, J. L., 1991, Compression and encoding of ECG data within the European Standard Communications Protocol. Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology (Los Alamitos, CA, USA : IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 105-108.
  • CERUITI, S., BIANCHI, A., BASELLI, G., CIVARDI, S., GUZZETTI, S., MALLIANI, A., PAGANI, A., and PAGANI , M , 1989, Compressed spectral arrays for the analysis of 24-hr heart rate variability signal : enhancement of parameters and data reduction. Computers and Biomedical Research, 22(5 ), 424-441.
  • ISHIJIMA ,M.,1993,Fundamentals of the decision of optimum factors in the ECG data compression. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1398-1403.
  • BHARGAVA, V., WATANABE, K., and FROEUCHER, V. F., 1981, Progress in computer analysis of the exercise electrocardiogram. American Journal of Cardiology, 47(5), 1143-1151.
  • MOODY, G. B., SOROUSHIAN, K., and MARK, R. G., 1988, ECG data compression for tapeless ambulatory monitors. Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology (Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press), pp. 467-470.
  • CORMACK, G. V., and HORSPOOL, R. N., 1984, Algorithms for adaptive Huffman codes. Information Processing Letters, 18,159-165.
  • TAKAHASHI, K., TAKEUCHI, S., and OHSAWA, N., 1993, Performance evaluation of ECG compression algorithms by reconstruction error and diagnostic response. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E76-D(12), 1404-1410.
  • BRADIE, B., 1995, Improved wavelet packet compression of electrocardiogram data, I: Noise filtering. Proceedings of the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2569(2), 778-789.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.