Motives for prescription stimulant use by patterns of non-medical use

References

• Antshel, K. M., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2016). The neuropsychological profile of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder in adult ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(12), 1047–1055. doi:10.1177/1087054714522512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, T., & Holloway, K. (2017). Motives for illicit prescription drug use among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Drug Policy, 44, 12–22. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, K., Flory, K., Humphreys, K. L., & Lee, S. S. (2015). Misuse of stimulant medication among college students: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 18(1), 50–76. doi:10.1007/s10567-014-0177-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L. Y., Crum, R. M., Strain, E. C., Alexander, G. C., Kaufmann, C., & Mojtabai, R. (2016). Prescriptions, nonmedical use, and emergency department visits involving prescription stimulants. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77(3), e297–e304. doi:10.4088/JCP.14m09291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottler, L. B., Ben Abdallah, A., Cummings, S. M., Barr, J., Banks, R., & Forchheimer, R. (2011). Injury, pain, and prescription opioid use among former National Football League (NFL) players. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 116(1–3), 188–194. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSantis, A. D., & Hane, A. C. (2010). “Adderall is definitely not a drug”: Justifications for the illegal use of ADHD stimulants. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(1–2), 31–46. doi:10.3109/10826080902858334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dow, S. J., & Kelly, J. F. (2013). Listening to youth: Adolescents‘ reasons for substance use as a unique predictor of treatment response and outcome. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(4), 1122–1131. doi:10.1037/a0031065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drazdowski, T. K. (2016). A systematic review of the motivations for the non-medical use of prescription drugs in young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 162, 3–25. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dussault, C. L., & Weyandt, L. L. (2013). An examination of prescription stimulant misuse and psychological variables among sorority and fraternity college populations. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(2), 87–97. doi:10.1177/1087054711428740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, S. W., Pelham, W. E., Smith, B. H., Bukstein, O., Gnagy, E. M., Greiner, A. R., … Baron-Myak, C. (2001). Dose-response effects of methylphenidate on ecologically valid measures of academic performance and classroom behavior in adolescents with ADHD. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9(2), 163–175. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11518092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallucci, A., Martin, R., Beaujean, A., & Usdan, S. (2015). An examination of the misuse of prescription stimulants among college students using the theory of planned behavior. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 20(2), 217–226. doi:10.1080/13548506.2014.913800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., O’Grady, K. E., & Arria, A. M. (2012). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants during college: Four-year trends in exposure opportunity, use, motives, and sources. Journal of American College Health, 60(3), 226–234. doi:10.1080/07448481.2011.589876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judson, R., & Langdon, S. W. (2009). Illicit use of prescription stimulants among college students: Prescription status, motives, theory of planned behaviour, knowledge and self-diagnostic tendencies. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 14(1), 97–104. doi:10.1080/13548500802126723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, J. N., Bebarta, V. S., Varney, S. M., Zarzabal, L. A., & Ganem, V. J. (2015). Prescription stimulant misuse in a military population. Military Medicine, 180(3Suppl), 191–194. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00375
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerley, K. R., Copes, H., & Griffin, O. H. (2015). Middle-class motives for non-medical prescription stimulant use among college students. Deviant Behavior, 36(7), 589–603. doi:10.1080/01639625.2014.951573
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• León, K. S., & Martínez, D. E. (2017). To study, to party, or both? Assessing risk factors for non-prescribed stimulant use among middle and high school students. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 49(1), 22–30. doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1260187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Williamson, V., Setlow, B., Cottler, L. B., & Knackstedt, L. A. (2018). The importance of considering polysubstance use: Lessons from cocaine research. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 192, 16–28. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lookatch, S. J., Dunne, E. M., & Katz, E. C. (2012). Predictors of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(1), 86–91. doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.662083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Boyd, C. J., & Teter, C. J. (2009). Subtypes of nonmedical prescription drug misuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 102(1–3), 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., & Cranford, J. A. (2012). Motivational subtypes of nonmedical use of prescription medications: Results from a national study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 445–452. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Cranford, J. A., Boyd, C. J., & Teter, C. J. (2007). Motives, diversion and routes of administration associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids. Addictive Behaviors, 32(3), 562–575. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.05.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Cranford, J. A., Morales, M., & Young, A. (2006). Simultaneous and concurrent polydrug use of alcohol and prescription drugs: Prevalence, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67(4), 529–537. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16736072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Knight, J. R., Teter, C. J., & Wechsler, H. (2005). Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addiction, 100(1), 96–106. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00944.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Teter, C. J., & Boyd, C. J. (2006). Medical use, illicit use and diversion of prescription stimulant medication. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 38(1), 43–56. doi:10.1080/02791072.2006.10399827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nattala, P., Leung, K. S., Abdallah, A. B., & Cottler, L. B. (2011). Heavy use versus less heavy use of sedatives among non-medical sedative users: Characteristics and correlates. Addictive Behaviors, 36(1–2), 103–109. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nattala, P., Leung, K. S., Abdallah, A. B., Murthy, P., & Cottler, L. B. (2012). Motives and simultaneous sedative-alcohol use among past 12-month alcohol and nonmedical sedative users. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 38(4), 359–364. doi:10.3109/00952990.2011.643987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, M. E., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Maggs, J. L., Kloska, D. D., Johnston, L. D., & Bachman, J. G. (2011). Age-related changes in reasons for using alcohol and marijuana from ages 18 to 30 in a national sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 330–339. doi:10.1037/a0022445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peles, E., Schreiber, S., Linzy, S., Domani, Y., & Adelson, M. (2015). Differences in methylphenidate abuse rates among methadone maintenance treatment patients in two clinics. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 54, 44–49. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.12.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterkin, A. L., Crone, C. C., Sheridan, M. J., & Wise, T. N. (2011). Cognitive performance enhancement: Misuse or self-treatment? Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(4), 263–268. doi:10.1177/1087054710365980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabiner, D. L., Anastopoulos, A. D., Costello, E. J., Hoyle, R. H., McCabe, S. E., & Swartzwelder, H. S. (2009). Motives and perceived consequences of nonmedical ADHD medication use by college students: Are students treating themselves for attention problems? Journal of Attention Disorders, 13(3), 259–270. doi:10.1177/1087054708320399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins, L. N. (1985). Series in psychosocial epidemiology, Volume 6. Studying drug abuse. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shacham, E., & Cottler, L. B. (2010). Sexual behaviors among club drug users: Prevalence and reliability. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1331–1341. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9539-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striley, C. W., Kelso-Chichetto, N. E., & Cottler, L. B. (2017). Nonmedical prescription stimulant use among girls 10–18 years of age: Associations with other risky behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(3), 328–332. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, S., Pentz, M. A., Spruijt-Metz, D., & Miller, T. (2006). Misuse of “study drugs:” prevalence, consequences, and implications for policy. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 1, 15. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-1-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2018, September). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. SMA 18-5068, NSDUH Series H-53). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from  https://www.samhsa.gov/data/
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Cottler, L. B., & Striley, C. W. (2015). Differentiating patterns of prescription stimulant medical and nonmedical use among youth 10–18 years of age. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 157, 83–89. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westover, A. N., & Halm, E. A. (2012). Do prescription stimulants increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events?: A systematic review. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 12, 41. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-12-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar