Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Volume 17, 2018 - Issue 1
Submit an article Journal homepage
2,264
Views
60
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Drug-drug interactions as a result of co-administering Δ9-THC and CBD with other psychotropic agents

Carola RongMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, The Netherlands, Sint MaartenORCID Iconhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-4968View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Nicole E. CarmonaMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Yena L. LeeMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Renee-Marie RagguettMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Zihang PanMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Joshua D. RosenblatMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Mehala SubramaniapillaiMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Margarita ShekotikhinaMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Fahad AlmathamMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Asem AlageelMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Rodrigo MansurMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaView further author information
,
Roger C. HoDepartment of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeView further author information
&
Roger S. McIntyreMood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
 show all
Pages 51-54 | Received 13 Jul 2017, Accepted 20 Oct 2017, Published online: 31 Oct 2017

References

  • WHO. Cannabis. 2010 Dec 7. [cited 2017 Jan 29]. Available from: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/cannabis/en/
  • Pertwee RG. The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: an overview. Int J Obes. 2006 Apr;30(Suppl 1):S13–S18.
  • Zhang MW, Ho RC. The cannabis dilemma: a review of its associated risk and clinical efficacy. J Addict. 2015;2015:707596.
  • Hasin DS, Saha TD, Kerridge BT, et al. Prevalence of marijuana use disorders in the United States between 2001–2002 and 2012–2013. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Dec;72(12):1235–1242.
  • Walsh Z, Callaway R, Belle-Isle L, et al. Cannabis for therapeutic purposes: patient characteristics, access, and reasons for use. Int J Drug Policy. 2013 Nov;24(6):511–516.
  • Bonn-Miller MO, Boden MT, Bucossi MM, et al. Self-reported cannabis use characteristics, patterns and helpfulness among medical cannabis users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014 Jan;40(1):23–30.
  • Mojtabai R, Olfson M. National trends in long-term use of antidepressant medications: results from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Feb;75(2):169–177.
  • Johansson T, Flamm M, Sönnichsen A, et al. Interventions to reduce inappropriate polypharmacy: implications for research and practice. Maturitas. 2017;97:66–68.
  • Salvi F, Rossi L, Lattanzio F, et al. Is polypharmacy an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes after an emergency department visit? Intern Emerg Med [Internet]. 2016 Apr 13. DOI:10.1007/s11739-016-1451-5
  • Isaac S, Saini B, Chaar BB. The role of medicinal cannabis in clinical therapy: pharmacists’ perspectives. PLoS One. 2016 May 12;11(5):e0155113.
  • Rong C, Lee Y Carmona NE, et al. Cannabidiol in medical marijuana: research vistas and potential opportunities. Pharmacol Res. 2017;121:213–218.
  • Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Metabolomics of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: implications in toxicity. Drug Metab Rev. 2016 Feb 1;48(1):80–87.
  • Huestis MA, Henningfield JE, Cone EJ. Blood cannabinoids. I. Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH during and after smoking marijuana. J Anal Toxicol. 1992 Sep;16(5):276–282.
  • McGilveray IJ. Pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids. Pain Res Manage. 2005;10(Suppl a):15A–22A.
  • Law B, Mason PA, Moffat AC, et al. Passive inhalation of cannabis smoke. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1984 Sep;36(9):578–581.
  • Guengerich FP. Intersection of the roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes with xenobiotic and endogenous substrates: relevance to toxicity and drug interactions. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Jan 17;30(1):2–12.
  • Matsunaga T, Iwawaki Y, Watanabe K, et al. Metabolism of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol by cytochrome P450 isozymes purified from hepatic microsomes of monkeys. Life Sci. 1995;56(23–24):2089–2095.
  • Jiang R, Yamaori S, Takeda S, et al. Identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for metabolism of cannabidiol by human liver microsomes. Life Sci. 2011 Aug 1;89(5–6):165–170.
  • Stout SM, Cimino NM. Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review. Drug Metab Rev. 2014 Feb;46(1):86–95.
  • Wall ME, Sadler BM, Brine D, et al. Metabolism, disposition, and kinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in men and women. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Sep;34(3):352–363.
  • Anderson GD, Chan L-N. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with tobacco, cannabinoids and smoking cessation products. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016 Nov;55(11):1353–1368.
  • Gardner MJ, Tornatore KM, Jusko WJ, et al. Effects of tobacco smoking and oral contraceptive use on theophylline disposition. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;16(3):271–280.
  • Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, et al. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2015 Aug;56(8):1246–1251.
  • Jiang R, Yamaori S, Okamoto Y, et al. Cannabidiol is a potent inhibitor of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2C19. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2013 Jan 15;28(4):332–338.
  • Levy RH. Cytochrome P450 isozymes and antiepileptic drug interactions. Epilepsia. 1995;36(Suppl 5):S8–S13.
  • Bajpai M, Roskos LK, Shen DD, et al. Roles of cytochrome P4502C9 and cytochrome P4502C19 in the stereoselective metabolism of phenytoin to its major metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Dec;24(12):1401–1403.
  • Lindsey WT, Stewart D, Childress D. Drug interactions between common illicit drugs and prescription therapies. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012 Jul;38(4):334–343.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.