References
- Grossman Z, Hadjipanayis A, Stiris T, et al. Vitamin D in European children-statement from the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(6):829–831.
- Clancy N, Onwuneme C, Carroll A, et al. Vitamin D and neonatal immune function. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26(7):639–646.
- Matejek T, Navratilova M, Zaloudkova L, et al. Vitamin D status of very low birth weight infants at birth and the effects of generally recommended supplementation on their vitamin D levels at discharge. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;18:1–7.
- Saraf R, Morton SM, Camargo CA Jr, et al. Global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status – a systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12(4):647–668.
- Anderson-Berry A, Thoene M, Wagner J, et al. Randomized trial of two doses of vitamin D3 in preterm infants <32 weeks: dose impact on achieving desired serum 25(OH)D3 in a NICU population. PLOS One. 2017;12(10):e0185950.
- Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(1):85–91.
- Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(7):1911–1930.
- Boehm G, Wiener M, Schmidt C, et al. Usefulness of short-term urine collection in the nutritional monitoring of low birthweight infants. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87(3):339–343.
- Sturgeon CM, Sprague SM, Metcalfe W. Variation in parathyroid hormone immunoassay results–a critical governance issue in the management of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(11):3440–3445.
- Kiely M, O’Donovan SM, Kenny LC, et al. Vitamin D metabolite concentrations in umbilical cord blood serum and associations with clinical characteristics in a large prospective mother-infant cohort in Ireland. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2017;167:162–168.
- van den Ouweland JM, Beijers AM, Demacker PN, et al. Measurement of 25-OH-vitamin D in human serum using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry with comparison to radioimmunoassay and automated immunoassay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010;878(15–16):1163–1168.
- Hay WTP. Neonatal nutrition and metabolism. 2nd ed. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 2006.
- Abrams SA, Committee on Nutrition. Calcium and vitamin D requirements of enterally fed preterm infants. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):e1676–e1683.
- Braegger C, Campoy C, Colomb V, et al. Vitamin D in the healthy European paediatric population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(6):692–701.
- Misra M, Pacaud D, Petryk A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatrics. 2008;122(2):398–417.
- Saggese G, Vierucci F, Prodam F, et al. Vitamin D in pediatric age: consensus of the Italian Pediatric Society and the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics, jointly with the Italian Federation of Pediatricians. Ital J Pediatr. 2018;44(1):51.
- Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(7):1723–1729.
- Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, et al. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg. 1978;187(1):1–7.
- Volpe JJ. Perinatal brain injury: from pathogenesis to neuroprotection. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2001;7(1):56–64.
- Lykkedegn S, Sorensen GL, Beck-Nielsen SS, et al. The impact of vitamin D on fetal and neonatal lung maturation. A systematic review. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;308(7):L587–L602.
- Onwuneme C, Martin F, McCarthy R, et al. The association of vitamin d status with acute respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2015;166(5):1175–1180.e1.
- Joung KE, Burris HH, Van Marter LJ, et al. Vitamin D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2016;36(10):878–882.
- Shah BA, Padbury JF, Anderson MP, et al. Vitamin D and associated perinatal-neonatal outcomes among extremely low-birth-weight infants. J Perinatol. 2018;38(10):1318–1323.
- Fettah ND, Zenciroğlu A, Dilli D, et al. Is higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level preventive for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants? Am J Perinatol. 2015;32(03):247–250.
- Çetinkaya M, Çekmez F, Erener-Ercan T, et al. Maternal/neonatal vitamin D deficiency: a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterms? J Perinatol. 2015;35(10):813–817.
- Mohamed Hegazy A, Mohamed Shinkar D, Refaat Mohamed N, et al. Association between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level at birth and respiratory morbidities among preterm neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(20):2649–2655.
- Yang Y, Feng Y, Chen X, et al. Is there a potential link between vitamin D and pulmonary morbidities in preterm infants? J Chin Med Assoc. 2017;81(5):482–486.
- Harrison CM, Gibson AT. Osteopenia in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98(3):F272–F275.
- Salle BL, Delvin EE, Lapillonne A, et al. Perinatal metabolism of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(5):1317S–1324S.
- Ataseven F, Aygun C, Okuyucu A, et al. Is vitamin d deficiency a risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome? Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2013;83(4):232–237.
- Park SH, Lee GM, Moon JE, et al. Severe vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants: maternal and neonatal clinical features. Korean J Pediatr. 2015;58(11):427–433.
- Parlak M, Kalay S, Kalay Z, et al. Severe vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in Turkey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28(5):548–551.
- Kılıcaslan AÖ, Kutlu R, Kilinc I, et al. The effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and maternal vitamin D levels on neonatal vitamin D levels and birth parameters. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(13):1727–1734.
- Zasimovich A, Fijałkowska A, Chełchowska M, et al. Maternal serum vitamin D and parathormone concentrations during gestation and in umbilical cord blood – pilot study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(2):158–163.
- O’Callaghan KM, Hennessy A, Hull GL, et al. Estimation of the maternal vitamin D intake that maintains circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in late gestation at a concentration sufficient to keep umbilical cord sera >/=25–30 nmol/L: a dose-response, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in pregnant women at northern latitude. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(1):77–91.
- Nandal R, Chhabra R, Sharma D, et al. Comparison of cord blood vitamin D levels in newborns of vitamin D supplemented and unsupplemented pregnant women: a prospective, comparative study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(11):1812–1816.
- Cetinkaya M, Cekmez F, Buyukkale G, et al. Lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis in term infants. J Perinatol. 2015;35(1):39–45.
- Dhandai R, Jajoo M, Singh A, et al. Association of vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of late-onset neonatal sepsis. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2018;38(3):1–197.
- Cetinkaya M, Erener-Ercan T, Kalayci-Oral T, et al. Maternal/neonatal vitamin D deficiency: a new risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants? J Perinatol. 2017;37(6):673–678.
- Tayel SI, Soliman SE, Elsayed HM. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor variants in mothers and their neonates are risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Steroids. 2018;134:37–42.
- Taylor SN, Wahlquist A, Wagner CL, et al. Functional indicators of vitamin D adequacy for very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2018;38(5):550–556.
- Zittermann A, Pilz S, Berthold HK. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation in infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical intervention trials. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(1):359–369.
- Matejek T, Navratilova M, Zaloudkova L, et al. Parathyroid hormone – reference values and association with other bone metabolism markers in very low birth weight infants – pilot study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(17):2860–2867.