Human Response to Dioxin: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Molecular Structure, Function, and Dose-Response Data for Enzyme Induction Indicate an Impaired Human AhR

REFERENCES

• Abbott , B. D. , Held , G. A. , Wood , C. R. , Buckalew , A. R. , Brown , J. G. and Schmid , J. 1999 . AhR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 mRNA quantitation in cultured human embryonic palates exposed to TCDD and comparison with mouse palate in vivo and in culture . Toxicol. Sci , 47 : 62 – 75 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abraham , K. , Geusau , A. , Tosun , Y. , Helge , H. , Bauer , S. and Brockmoller , J. 2002 . Severe 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) intoxication: Insights into the measurement of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 induction . Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , 72 : 163 – 174 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayotte , P. , Dewailly , E. , Ryan , J. J. , Bruneau , S. and Lebel , G. 1997 . PCBs and dioxin-like compounds in plasma of adult Inuit living in Nunavik (Arctic Quebec) . Chemosphere , 34 : 1459 – 1468 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayotte , P. , Dewailly , E. , Lambert , G. H. , Perkins , S. L. , Poon , R. , Feeley , M. , Larochelle , C. and Pereg , D. 2005 . Biomarker measurements in a coastal fish-eating population environmentally exposed to organochlorines . Environ Health Perspect , 113 : 1318 – 24 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bank , P. A. , Yao , E. F. , Phelps , C. L. , Harper , P. A. and Denison , M. S. 1992 . Species-specific binding of transformed Ah receptor to a dioxin responsive transcriptional enhancer . Eur. J. Pharmacol , 228 : 85 – 94 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baron , J. M. , Zwadio-Klarwasser , G. , Jugert , F. , Hamam , W. , Rubben , A. , Mukhtar , H. and Merk , H. F. 1998 . Cytochrome P450 1B1: a major P450 isoenzyme in human blood monocytes and macrophage subsets . Biochem Pharmacol , 56 : 1105 – 1110 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertazzi , P. A. , Bernucci , I. , Brambilla , G. , Consonni , D. and Pesatori , A. C. 1998 . The Seveso studies on early and long-term effects of dioxin exposure: A review . Environ. Health Perspect , 106 ( suppl, 2 ) : 625 – 633 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnbaum , L. S. 1994 . “ Evidence for the role of the Ah receptor in response to dioxin ” . In Receptor-mediated biological processes: Implications for evaluating carcinogenesis , Edited by: Spitzer , H. L. , Slaga , T. L. , Greenlee , W. F. and McCain , M. 139 – 154 . New York : Wiley-Liss .
   Google Scholar
• Birnbaum , L. S. , McDonald , M. M. , Blair , P. C. , Clark , A. M. and Harris , M. W. 1990 . Differential toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in C57Bl/6J mice congenic at the Ah locus . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol , 15 : 186 – 200 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradfield , C. A. , Kende , A. S. and Poland , A. 1988 . Kinetic and equilibrium studies of Ah receptor–ligand binding: use of [125I]2–iodo–7, 8–dibromodibenzo–p–dioxin . Mol. Pharmacol , 34 : 229 – 237 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brambilla , P. , Lambert , G. H. , Cazzaniga , M. A. , Needham , L. L. , Ferrari , E. , Patterson , D. G. , Gerthoux , P. M. , Signorini , S. and Mocarelli , P. 1995 . Caffeine breath tests in subjects exposed to dioxin at Seveso: Preliminary results . Clin. Chem , 41 : 1926 – 1927 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Brown , M. M. , Schneider , U. A. , Petrulis , J. R. and Bunce , N. J. 1994 . Additive binding of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the murine hepatic Ah receptor . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 129 : 243 – 251 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , M. A. , Iwasaki , M. , Guengerich , F. P. and Kadlubar , F. F. 1989 . Human cytochrome P-450PA (P-4501A2), the phenacetin O-deethylase, is primarily responsible for the hepatic 3-demethylation of caffeine and N-oxidation of carcinogenic arylamines . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 86 : 7696 – 7700 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd , D. M. III , Allen , D. O. , Beamer , R. L. , Besch , H. R. Jr. , Bylund , D. B. , Doull , J. , Fleming , W. W. , Fries , A. , Guengerich , F. P. , Hornbrook , R. , Lasagna , L. , Lum , B. K. , Michaelis , E. K. , Morgan , E. T. , Poland , A. , Rozman , K. K. , Smith , J. B. , Swanson , H. I. , Waddell , W. and Wilson , J. D. 1998 . The dose-response model for dioxin . Risk Anal , 18 : 1 – 2 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carver , L. A. , Hogenesch , J. B. and Bradfield , C. A. 1994 . Tissue specific expression of the rat Ah-receptor and ARNT mRNAs . Nucleic Acids Res , 22 : 3038 – 3044 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catteau , A. , Douriez , E. , Beaune , P. , Poisson , N. , Bonaiti-Pellie , C. and Laurent , P. 1995 . Genetic polymorphism of induction of CYP1A1 (EROD) activity . Pharmacogenetics , 5 : 110 – 119 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cauchi , S. , Stucker , I. , Solas , C. , Laurent-Puig , P. , Cenee , S. , Hemon , D. , Jacquet , M. , Kremers , P. , Beaune , P. and Massaad-Massade , L. 2001 . Polymorphisms of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) gene in a French population: Relationship with CYP1A1 inducibility and lung cancer . Carcinogenesis , 22 : 1819 – 1824 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , C. , Smith , D. R. , Prasad , V. S. , Sidman , C. L. , Nebert , D. W. and Puga , A. 1993 . Ten nucleotide differences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locus polymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice . Pharmacogenetics , 3 : 312 – 321 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang , C. Y. and Puga , A. 1998 . Constitutive activation of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor . Mol. Cell. Biol , 18 : 525 – 535 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , T. K. , Chen , J. , Pillay , V. , Ho , J. Y. and Bandiera , S. M. 2003 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of CYP1B1 gene expression in human liver . Toxicol. Sci , 71 : 11 – 19 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman , D. E. and Schiller , C. M. 1985 . Dose-related effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 78 : 147 – 157 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , G. , McCoy , Z. , Landi , M. T. , Bertazzi , P. A. , Mocarelli , P. , Brambilla , P. , Caporaso , N. , Needham , L. , Patterson , D. G. and Lucier , G. 1994 . Molecular epidemiology study in Seveso: Ah Receptor and CYP1A1-dependent enzymatic activity in individuals from dioxin exposed and control areas . Organohalogen Compounds , 21 : 87 – 91 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Connor , K. and Finley , B. 2003 . Naturally occurring Ah-receptor agonists in foods: Implications regarding dietary dioxin exposure and health risk . Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess , 9 : 1747 – 1763 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton , T. P. , Puga , A. and Shertzer , H. G. 2002 . Induction of cellular oxidative stress by aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation . Chem. Biol. Interact , 141 : 77 – 95 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison , M. S. , Wilkinson , C. F. and Okey , A. B. 1986 . Ah receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Comparative studies in mammalian and nonmammalian species . Chemosphere , 15 : 1665 – 1672 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison , M. , Soshilov , A. , Song , Y. , Pandini , A. and Bonati , L. 2005 . The Ah receptor ligand binding domain: Homology modeling and functional analysis . Organohal Compounds , 67 : 2298 – 2301 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• DeVito , M. J. , Birnbaum , L. S. , Farland , W. H. and Gasiewicz , T. A. 1995 . Comparisons of estimated human body burdens of dioxinlike chemicals and TCDD body burdens in experimentally exposed animals . Environ. Health Perspect , 103 : 820 – 831 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey , A. , Parmar , D. , Dayal , M. , Dhawan , A. and Seth , P. K. 2001 . Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in blood lymphocytes evidence for catalytic activity and mRNA expression . Life Sci , 69 : 383 – 393 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diliberto , J. J. , DeVito , M. J. , Ross , D. G. and Birnbaum , L. S. 2001 . Subchronic exposure of [3H]- 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in female B6C3F1 mice: Relationship of steady-state levels to disposition and metabolism . Toxicol. Sci , 61 : 241 – 255 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolwick , K. M. , Schmidt , J. V. , Carver , L. A. , Swanson , H. I. and Bradfield , C. A. 1993a . Cloning and expression of a human Ah receptor cDNA . Mol. Pharmacol , 44 : 911 – 917 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolwick , K. M. , Swanson , H. I. and Bradfield , C. A. 1993b . In vitro analysis of Ah receptor domains involved in ligand-activated DNA recognition . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 90 : 8566 – 8570 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorne , J. L. C. M. , Walton , K. and Renwick , A. G. 2001 . Uncertainty factors for chemical risk assessment: Human variability in the pharmacokinetics of CYP1A2 probe substrates . Food Chem. Toxicol , 39 : 681 – 696 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ema , M. , Ohe , N. , Suzuki , M. , Mimura , J. , Sogawa , K. , Ikawa , S. and Fujii-Kuriyama , Y. 1994 . Dioxin binding activities of polymorphic forms of mouse and human arylhydrocarbon receptors . J. Biol. Chem , 269 : 27337 – 27343 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Salguero , P. M. , Hilbert , D. M. , Rudikoff , S. , Ward , J. M. and Gonzalez , F. J. 1996 . Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-deficient mice are resistant to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced toxicity . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 140 : 173 – 179 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii-Kuriyama , Y. , Ema , M. , Mimura , J. and Sogawa , K. 1994 . Ah receptor: A novel ligand-activated transcription factor . Exp. Clin. Immunogenet , 11 : 65 – 74 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fujii-Kuriyama , Y. , Ema , M. , Mimura , J. , Matsushita , N. and Sogawa , K. 1995 . Polymorphic forms of the Ah receptor and induction of the CYP1A1 gene . Pharmacogenetics , 5 : S149 – S153 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Garte , S. and Sogawa , K. 1999 . Chapter 14. Ah receptor gene polymorphisms and human cancer susceptibility . IARC Sci. Publ , : 149 – 157 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gasiewicz , T. A. and Neal , R. A. 1982 . The examination and quantitation of tissue cytosolic receptors for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin using hydroxylapatite . Anal. Biochem , 124 : 1 – 11 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasiewicz , T. A. and Rucci , G. 1984 . Cytosolic receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Evidence for a homologous nature among various mammalian species . Mol. Pharmacol , 26 : 90 – 98 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasiewicz , T. A. , Ness , W. C. and Rucci , G. 1984 . Ontogeny of the cytosolic receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat liver, lung, and thymus . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , 118 : 183 – 190 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geusau , A. , Abraham , K. , Geissler , K. , Sator , M. O. , Stingl , G. and Tschachler , E. 2001 . Severe 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) intoxication: Clinical and laboratory effects . Environ. Health Perspect , 109 : 865 – 869 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geusau , A. , Schmaldienst , S. , Derfler , K. , Papke , O. and Abraham , K. 2002 . Severe 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) intoxication: Kinetics and trials to enhance elimination in two patients . Arch. Toxicol , 76 : 316 – 325 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , J. A. , Lin , F. H. , Stohs , S. J. , Graham , M. , Clarke , G. , Birnbaum , L. and Lucier , G. 1990 . The effects of TCDD on receptors for epidermal growth factor, glucocorticoid, and estrogen in Ah-responsive and -nonresponsive congenic mice and the effects of TCDD on estradiol metabolism in a liver tumor promotion model in female rats . Prog. Clin. Biol. Res , 331 : 187 – 202 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottlieb , K. and Manchester , D. K. 1986 . Twin study methodology and variability in xenobiotic placental metabolism . Teratogen. Carcinogen. Mutagen , 6 : 253 – 263 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenlee , W. E. , Hushka , L. J. and Hushka , D. R. 2001 . Molecular basis of dioxin actions: Evidence supporting chemoprotection . Toxicol. Pathol , 29 : 6 – 7 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halperin , W. , Kalow , W. , Sweeney , M. H. , Tang , B. K. , Fingerhut , M. , Timpkins , B. and Wille , K. 1995 . Induction of P-450 in workers exposed to dioxin . Occup. Environ. Med , 52 : 86 – 91 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , N. , Connor , K. and Safe , S. 1993 . Immunotoxic potencies of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dibenzofuran (PCDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) congeners in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice . Toxicol , 80 : 217 – 227 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , P. A. , Golas , C. L. and Okey , A. B. 1988 . Characterization of the Ah receptor and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and benz(a)anthracene in the human A431 squamous cell carcinoma line . Cancer Res , 48 : 2388 – 2395 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , P. A. , Prokipcak , R. D. , Bush , L. E. , Golas , C. L. and Okey , A. B. 1991 . Detection and characterization of the Ah receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180 . Arch. Biochem. Biophys , 290 : 27 – 36 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harper , P. A. , Wong , J. Y. , Lam , M. S. and Okey , A. B. 2002 . Polymorphisms in the human Ah receptor . Chem. Biol. Interact , 141 : 161 – 187 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry , E. C. , Kester , J. E. and Gasiewicz , T. A. 1988 . Effects of SH-modifying reagents on the rat hepatic Ah receptor: Inhibition of ligand binding and transformation, and disruption of the ligand-receptor complex . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 964 : 361 – 376 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu , K. and Bunce , N. J. 1999 . Metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related dioxin-like compounds . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 2 : 183 – 210 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hurst , C. H. , DeVito , M. J. and Birnbaum , L. S. 2000 . Tissue disposition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in maternal and developing Long-Evans rats following subchronic exposure . Toxicol. Sci , 57 : 275 – 283 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1997 . IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Para-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans. Lyon, France, 4–11 February 1997 . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum , 69 : 1 – 631 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacquet , M. , Lambert , V. , Todaro , A. and Kremers , P. 1997 . Mitogen-activated lymphocytes: A good model for characterising lung CYP1A1 inducibility . Eur. J. Epidemiol , 13 : 177 – 183 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaiswal , A. K. , Gonzalez , F. J. and Nebert , D. W. 1987 . Comparison of human mouse P1450 upstream regulatory sequences in liver- and nonliver-derived cell lines . Mol. Endocrinol , 1 : 312 – 320 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jeuken , A. , Keser , B. J. , Khan , E. , Brouwer , A. , Koeman , J. and Denison , M. S. 2003 . Activation of the Ah receptor by extracts of dietary herbal supplements, vegetables, and fruits . J. Agric. Food Chem , 51 : 5478 – 5487 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawajiri , K. , Watanabe , J. , Eguchi , H. , Nakachi , K. , Kiyohara , C. and Hayashi , S. 1995 . Polymorphisms of human Ah receptor gene are not involved in lung cancer . Pharmacogenetics , 5 : 151 – 158 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerkvliet , N. I. , Steppan , L. B. , Brauner , J. A. , Deyo , J. A. , Henderson , M. C. , Tomar , R. S. and Buhler , D. R. 1990 . Influence of the Ah locus on the humoral immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Evidence for Ah-receptor-dependent and Ah-receptor-independent mechanisms of immunosuppression . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 105 : 26 – 36 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkalainen , M. , Tuomisto , J. and Pohjanvirta , R. 2000 . Restructured transactivation domain in hamster Ah receptor . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , 273 : 272 – 281 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkalainen , M. , Tuomisto , J. and Pohjanvirta , R. 2001 . The AH receptor of the most dioxin-sensitive species, guinea pig, is highly homologous to the human AH receptor . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , 285 : 1121 – 1129 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger , N. , Neubert , B. , Helge , H. and Neubert , D. 1990 . Induction of caffeine-demethylations by 2,3,7,8-TCDD in marmoset monkeys measured with a 14CO2 breath-test . Chemosphere , 20 : 1173 – 1176 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Lambert , G. H. , Mocarelli , P. , Hsu , C. C. , Needham , L. L. , Ryan , J. J. , Guo , L. , Brambilla , P. , Signorini , S. , Patterson , D. G. , Lai , T. J. , Garcia , F. , Ferrari , E. and Schoeller , D. A. 1993 . Cytochrome P4501A2 activity in dioxin exposed Seveso subjects as compared to polychlorinated biphenyl and polychlorinated dibenzofuran exposed yucheng subjects . Organohal. Compounds , 14 : 253 – 256 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lambert , G. H. , Hsu , C. C. , Guo , L. , Ryan , J. J. and Schoeller , D. A. 1994 . The dose response relationship between the serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and cytochrome P4501A2 activity as determined by the caffeine breath test . Organohal. Compounds , 21 : 485 – 488 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Landers , J. P. and Bunce , N. J. 1991 . The Ah receptor and the mechanism of dioxin toxicity . Biochem. J , 276 ( Pt 2 ) : 273 – 287 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landi , M. T. , Bertazzi , P. A. , Baccarelli , A. , Consonni , D. , Masten , S. , Lucier , G. , Mocarelli , P. , Needham , L. , Caporaso , N. and Grassman , J. 2003 . TCDD-mediated alterations in the AhR-dependent pathway in Seveso, Italy, 20 years after the accident . Carcinogenesis , 24 : 673 – 680 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesca , P. , Witkamp , R. , Maurel , P. and Galtier , P. 1994 . The pig as a model for studying AH receptor and other PAH-binding proteins in man . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , 200 : 475 – 481 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , F. H. , Clark , G. , Birnbaum , L. S. , Lucier , G. W. and Goldstein , J. A. 1991 . Influence of the Ah locus on the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor . Mol. Pharmacol , 39 : 307 – 313 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipp , H. P. , Schrenk , D. , Wiesmuller , T. , Hagenmaier , H. and Bock , K. W. 1992 . Assessment of biological activities of mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and their constituents in human HepG2 cells . Arch. Toxicol , 66 : 220 – 223 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lorenzen , A. and Okey , A. B. 1991 . Detection and characterization of Ah receptor in tissue and cells from human tonsils . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 107 : 203 – 214 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lucier , G. W. , Nelson , K. G. , Everson , R. B. , Wong , T. K. , Philpot , R. M. , Tiernan , T. , Taylor , M. and Sunahara , G. I. 1987 . Placental markers of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibemofurans . Environ. Health Perspect , 76 : 79 – 87 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , Q. and Lu , A. Y. 2003 . Origins of individual variability in P4501A induction . Chem. Res. Toxicol , 16 : 249 – 260 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manchester , D. K. , Gordon , S. K. , Golas , C. L. , Roberts , E. A. and Okey , A. B. 1987 . Ah receptor in human placenta: Stabilization by molybdate and characterization of binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzo(a)pyrene . Cancer Res , 47 : 4861 – 4868 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masten , S. A. , Grassman , J. A. , Yang , X. , Miller , C. R. , Spencer , D. L. , Lanier , K. M. , Walker , N. J. , Jung , D. , Konietzko , J. , Edler , L. , Patterson , D. G. , Needham , L. L. and Lucier , G. 1997 . Mechanistically based markers of exposure and response to dioxin in occupationally exposed individuals . Organohal. Compounds , 34 : 80 – 84 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Masten , S. A. , Grassman , J. A. , Miller , C. R. , Spencer , D. L. , Walker , N. J. , Jung , D. , Edler , L. , Patterson , D. G. Jr. , Needham , L. L. and Lucier , G. W. 1998 . Population-based studies of dioxin responsiveness: Individual variation in CYP1A1 levels and relationship to dioxin body burden . Organohal. Compounds , 38 : 13 – 16 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• McFadyen , M. C. , Rooney , P. H. , Melvin , W. T. and Murray , G. I. 2003 . Quantitative analysis of the Ah receptor/cytochrome P450 CYP1B1/CYP1A1 signalling pathway . Biochem. Pharmacol , 65 : 1663 – 1674 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney , J. D. and Waller , C. L. 1998 . Molecular determinants of hormone mimicry: halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 1 : 27 – 58 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micka , J. , Milatovich , A. , Menon , A. , Grabowski , G. A. , Puga , A. and Nebert , D. W. 1997 . Human Ah receptor (AHR) gene: Localization to 7p15 and suggestive correlation of polymorphism with CYP1A1 inducibility . Pharmacogenetics , 7 : 95 – 101 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moriguchi , T. , Motohashi , H. , Hosoya , T. , Nakajima , O. , Takahashi , S. , Ohsako , S. , Aoki , Y. , Nishimura , N. , Tohyama , C. , Fujii‐Kuriyama , Y. and Yamamoto , M. 2003 . Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-humanized mouse . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 100 : 5652 – 5657 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakai , J. S. and Bunce , N. J. 1995 . Characterization of the Ah receptor from human placental tissue . J. Biochem. Toxicol , 10 : 151 – 159 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakai , J. S. , Winhall , M. J. and Bunce , N. J. 1994 . Comparative kinetic study of the binding between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related ligands with the hepatic Ah receptors from several rodent species . J. Biochem. Toxicol , 9 : 199 – 209 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Toxicology Program. 2004 . DRAFT NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 3,3′4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) (CAS no. 57465–28–8) in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (Gavage study) (NTP TR 520) Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Nebert , D. W. 1989 . The Ah locus: Genetic differences in toxicity, cancer, mutation, and birth defects . Crit. Rev. Toxicol , 20 : 153 – 174 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebert , D. W. , Goujon , F. M. and Gielen , J. E. 1972 . Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons: Simple autosomal dominant trait in the mouse . Nat. New Biol , 236 : 107 – 110 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nebert , D. W. , Petersen , D. D. and Puga , A. 1991 . Human AH locus polymorphism and cancer: Inducibility of CYP1A1 and other genes by combustion products and dioxin . Pharmacogenetics , 1 : 68 – 78 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neubert , R. , Maskow , L. , Webb , J. , Jacob-Muller , U. , Nogueira , A. C. , Delgado , I. , Helge , H. and Neubert , D. 1993 . Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the human immune system. 1. Blood cell receptors in volunteers with moderately increased body burdens . Life Sci , 53 : 1995 – 2006 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neubert , R. , Golor , G. , Helge , H. and Neubert , D. 1994a . Risk assessment for possible effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related substances on components and functions of the immune system . Exp. Clin. Immunogenet , 11 : 163 – 171 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neubert , R. , Golor , G. , Maskow , L. , Helge , H. and Neubert , D. 1994b . Evaluation of possible effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and other congeners on lymphocyte receptors in Callithrix jacchus and man . Exp. Clin. Immunogenet , 11 : 119 – 127 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Okey , A. B. , Bondy , G. P. , Mason , M. E. , Kahl , G. F. , Eisen , H. J. , Guenthner , T. M. and Nebert , D. W. 1979 . Regulatory gene product of the Ah locus. Characterization of the cytosolic inducer-receptor complex and evidence for its nuclear translocation . J. Biol. Chem , 254 : 11636 – 11648 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okey , A. B. , Vella , L. M. and Harper , P. A. 1989 . Detection and characterization of a low affinity form of cytosolic Ah receptor in livers of mice nonresponsive to induction of cytochrome P1-450 by 3-methylcholanthrene . Mol. Pharmacol , 35 : 823 – 830 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okey , A. B. , Riddick , D. S. and Harper , P. A. 1994 . Molecular biology of the aromatic hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor . Trends Pharmacol. Sci , 15 : 226 – 232 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okey , A. B. , Giannone , J. V. , Smart , W. , Wong , J. M. , Manchester , D. K. , Parker , N. B. , Feeley , M. M. , Grant , D. L. and Gilman , A. 1997 . Binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to AH receptor in placentas from normal versus abnormal pregnancy outcomes . Chemosphere , 34 : 1535 – 1547 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereg , D. , Dewailly , E. , Poirier , G. G. and Ayotte , P. 2002 . Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and placental CYP1A1 activity in Inuit women from northern Quebec . Environ. Health Perspect , 110 : 607 – 612 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohjanvirta , R. , Wong , J. M. , Li , W. , Harper , P. A. , Tuomisto , J. and Okey , A. B. 1998 . Point mutation in intron sequence causes altered carboxyl-terminal structure in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor of the most 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-resistant rat strain . Mol. Pharmacol , 54 : 86 – 93 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohjanvirta , R. , Viluksela , M. , Tuomisto , J. T. , Unkila , M. , Karasinska , J. , Franc , M. A. , Holowenko , M. , Giannone , J. V. , Harper , P. A. , Tuomisto , J. and Okey , A. B. 1999 . Physicochemical differences in the AH receptors of the most TCDD-susceptible and the most TCDD-resistant rat strains . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 155 : 82 – 95 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. and Glover , E. 1977 . Chlorinated biphenyl induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity: A study of the structure-activity relationship . Mol. Pharmacol , 13 : 924 – 938 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. and Glover , E. 1980 . 2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Segregation of toxicity with the Ah locus . Mol. Pharmacol , 17 : 86 – 94 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. , Teitelbaum , P. and Glover , E. 1989 . [125I]2-Iodo-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-binding species in mouse liver induced by agonists for the Ah receptor: Characterization and identification . Mol. Pharmacol , 36 : 113 – 120 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. P. , Glover , E. , Robinson , J. R. and Nebert , D. W. 1974 . Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity: Induction of monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P1-450 formation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice genetically “nonresponsive” to other aromatic hydrocarbons . J. Biol. Chem , 249 : 5599 – 5606 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Procopio , M. , Lahm , A. , Tramontano , A. , Bonati , L. and Pitea , D. 2002 . A model for recognition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor . Eur. J. Biochem , 269 : 13 – 18 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramadoss , P. and Perdew , G. H. 2004 . Use of 2-azido-3-[125I]iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-p-dioxin as a probe to determine the relative ligand affinity of human versus mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cultured cells . Mol. Pharmacol , 66 : 129 – 136 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramadoss , P. and Perdew , G. H. 2005 . The transactivation domain of the Ah receptor is a key determinant of cellular localization and ligand-independent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling properties . Biochemistry , 44 : 11148 – 59 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , E. A. , Shear , N. H. and Okey , A. B. 1985 . The Ah receptor and dioxin toxicity: From rodent to human tissues . Chemosphere , 14 : 661 – 674 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , E. A. , Golas , C. L. and Okey , A. B. 1986 . Ah receptor mediating induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase: Detection in human lung by binding of 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Cancer Res , 46 : 3739 – 3743 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , E. A. , Johnson , K. C. and Dippold , W. G. 1991 . Ah receptor mediating induction of cytochrome P450IA1 in a novel continuous human liver cell line (Mz-Hep-1): Detection by binding with [3H]2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and relationship to the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase . Biochem. Pharmacol , 42 : 521 – 528 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , J. J. , Gasiewicz , T. A. and Brown , J. F. Jr. 1990 . Human body burden of polychlorinated dibenzofurans associated with toxicity based on the yusho and yucheng incidents . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol , 15 : 722 – 731 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Safe , S. 1990 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: Environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) . Crit. Rev. Toxicol , 21 : 51 – 88 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 2001 . Molecular biology of the Ah receptor and its role in carcinogenesis . Toxicol. Lett , 120 : 1 – 7 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandoz , C. , Lesca , P. and Narbonne , J. F. 1999 . Hepatic Ah receptor binding affinity for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Similarity between beagle dog and cynomolgus monkey . Toxicol. Lett , 109 : 115 – 121 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savouret , J. F. , Antenos , M. , Quesne , M. , Xu , J. , Milgrom , E. and Casper , R. F. 2001 . 7-Ketocholesterol is an endogenous modulator for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor . J. Biol. Chem , 276 : 3054 – 3059 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheel , J. and Schrenk , D. 2000 . Genomic structure of the human Ah receptor nuclear translocator gene (hARNT) . Hum. Genet , 107 : 397 – 399 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schrenk , D. , Lipp , H. P. , Wiesmuller , T. , Hagenmaier , H. and Bock , K. W. 1991 . Assessment of biological activities of mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins: Comparison between defined mixtures and their constituents . Arch. Toxicol , 65 : 114 – 118 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrenk , D. , Stuven , T. , Gohl , G. , Viebahn , R. and Bock , K. W. 1995 . Induction of CYP1A and glutathione S-transferase activities by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human hepatocyte cultures . Carcinogenesis , 16 : 943 – 946 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart , J. and Daly , A. K. 2000 . Variation in induced CYP1A1 levels: Relationship to CYP1A1, Ah receptor and GSTM1 polymorphisms . Pharmacogenetics , 10 : 11 – 24 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song , J. , Clagett-Dame , M. , Peterson , R. E. , Hahn , M. E. , Westler , W. M. , Sicinski , R. R. and DeLuca , H. F. 2002 . A ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor isolated from lung . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 99 : 14694 – 14699 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starr , T. B. 2001 . Significant shortcomings of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s latest draft risk characterization for dioxin-like compounds . Toxicol. Sci , 64 : 7 – 13 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , Y. V. , Boverhof , D. R. , Burgoon , L. D. , Fielden , M. R. and Zacharewski , T. R. 2004 . Comparative analysis of dioxin response elements in human, mouse and rat genomic sequences . Nucleic Acids Res , 32 : 4512 – 23 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney , M. H. and Mocarelli , P. 2000 . Human health effects after exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD . Food Addit. Contam , 17 : 303 – 316 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toide , K. , Yamazaki , H. , Nagashima , R. , Itoh , K. , Iwano , S. , Takahashi , Y. , Watanabe , S. and Kamataki , T. 2003 . Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase represents CYP1B1, and not CYP1A1, in human freshly isolated white cells: trimodal distribution of Japanese population according to induction of CYP1B1 mRNA by environmental dioxins . Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev , 12 : 219 – 22 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Exposure and human health reassessment of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds (SAB review draft). Accessed Washington DC: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov/ncea
   Google Scholar
• Van den Berg , M. , Birnbaum , L. , Bosveld , A. T. , Brunstrom , B. , Cook , P. , Feeley , M. , Giesy , J. P. , Hanberg , A. , Hasegawa , R. , Kennedy , S. W. , Kubiak , T. , Larsen , J. C. , van Leeuwen , F. X. , Liem , A. K. , Nolt , C. , Peterson , R. E. , Poellinger , L. , Safe , S. , Schrenk , D. , Tillitt , D. , Tysklind , M. , Younes , M. , Waern , F. and Zacharewski , T. 1998 . Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife . Environ. Health Perspect , 106 : 775 – 792 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanden Heuvel , J. P. , Clark , G. C. , Thompson , C. L. , McCoy , Z. , Miller , C. R. , Lucier , G. W. and Bell , D. A. 1993 . CYP1A1 mRNA levels as a human exposure biomarker: Use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure CYP1A1 expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes . Carcinogenesis , 14 : 2003 – 2006 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanden Heuvel , J. P. , Clark , G. C. , Kohn , M. C. , Tritscher , A. M. , Greenlee , W. F. , Lucier , G. W. and Bell , D. A. 1994 . Dioxin-responsive genes: examination of dose-response relationships using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction . Cancer Res , 54 : 62 – 68 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waithe , W. I. , Michaud , M. , Harper , P. A. , Okey , A. B. and Anderson , A. 1991 . The Ah receptor, cytochrome P450IA1 mRNA induction, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in a human lymphoblastoid cell line . Biochem. Pharmacol , 41 : 85 – 92 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker , N. J. , Portier , C. J. , Lax , S. F. , Crofts , F. G. , Li , Y. , Lucier , G. W. and Sutter , T. R. 1999 . Characterization of the dose-response of CYP1B1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 in the liver of female Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 154 : 279 – 286 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton , K. , Dorne , J. L. and Renwick , A. G. 2001 . Uncertainty factors for chemical risk assessment: Interspecies differences in the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of human CYP1A2 substrates . Food Chem. Toxicol , 39 : 667 – 680 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , S. L. , Lin , C. Y. , Leon Guo , Y. , Lin , L. Y. , Chou , W. L. and Chang , L. W. 2004 . Infant exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls (PCDD/Fs, PCBs)—Correlation between prenatal and postnatal exposure . Chemosphere , 54 : 1459 – 1473 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , X. , Rosengren , R. , Morrison , V. , Santostefano , M. and Safe , S. 1992 . Characterization of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the human C-4II cervical squamous carcinoma cell line . Biochem. Pharmacol , 43 : 1635 – 1642 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber , L. W. and Greim , H. 1997 . The toxicity of brominated and mixed-halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: An overview . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 50 : 195 – 215 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , L. W. , Lebofsky , M. , Stahl , B. U. , Smith , S. and Rozman , K. K. 1995 . Correlation between toxicity and effects on intermediary metabolism in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-treated male C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 131 : 155 – 162 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitlock , J. P. 1987 . The regulation of gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Pharmacol. Rev , 39 : 147 – 161 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiebel , F. J. , Wegenke , M. and Kiefer , F. 1996 . Bioassay for determining 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEs) in human hepatoma HepG2 cells . Toxicol. Lett , 88 : 335 – 338 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong , J. M. , Harper , P. A. , Meyer , U. A. , Bock , K. W. , Morike , K. , Lagueux , J. , Ayotte , P. , Tyndale , R. F. , Sellers , E. M. , Manchester , D. K. and Okey , A. B. 2001a . Ethnic variability in the allelic distribution of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor codon 554 and assessment of variant receptor function in vitro . Pharmacogenetics , 11 : 85 – 94 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong , J. M. , Okey , A. B. and Harper , P. A. 2001b . Human aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphisms that result in loss of CYP1A1 induction . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , 288 : 990 – 996 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , T. K. , Domin , B. A. , Bent , P. E. , Blanton , T. E. , Anderson , M. W. and Philpot , R. M. 1986 . Correlation of placental microsomal activities with protein detected by antibodies to rabbit cytochrome P-450 isozyme 6 in preparations from humans exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls, quaterphenyls, and dibenzofurans . Cancer Res , 46 : 999 – 1004 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , L. , Li , A. P. , Kaminski , D. L. and Ruh , M. F. 2000 . 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induction of cytochrome P4501A in cultured rat and human hepatocytes . Chem. Biol. Interact , 124 : 173 – 189 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiger , M. , Haag , R. , Hockel , J. , Schrenk , D. and Schmitz , H. J. 2001 . Inducing effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls on CYP1A in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE, and rat primary hepatocytes: Comparison of relative potencies . Toxicol. Sci , 63 : 65 – 73 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar