Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of avocado oil and extract (Persea americana Mill) against rotenone using monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero)

References

• Ademoyegun, O., O. A. Folasade, R. Aderibigbe Olaide, and T. A. Olufemi. 2016. Antioxidant properties of Persea americana M. seed as affected by different extraction solvent. J. Adv. Food Sci. Technol. 03:101–06.
   Google Scholar
• Alkholifi, F. K., and D. S. Albers. 2015. Attenuation of rotenone toxicity in SY5Y cells by taurine and N-acetyl cysteine alone or in combination. Brain Res. 1622:409–13. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.06.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ameer, K. 2016. Avocado as a major dietary source of antioxidants and its preventive role in neurodegenerative diseases. In The Benefits of Natural Products for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Advances in Neurobiology, ed. M. M. Essa, M. Akbar, and G. J. Guillemin, vol. 12. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Arukwe, U., B. A. Amadi, M. K. C. Duru, E. N. Agomuo, E. A. Adindu, P. C. Odika, K. C. Lele, L. Egejuru, and J. Anudike. 2012. Chemical composition of Persea americana leaf, fruit and seed. Int. J. Recent Res. 11:346–49.
   Google Scholar
• Bahru, T., Z. Tadele, and E. Ajebe. 2019. A Review on Avocado Seed: Functionality, Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties. Chem. Sci. Int, 27(2), 1–10
   Google Scholar
• Beckhauser, T. F., J. Francis-Oliveira, and R. De Pasquale. 2016. Reactive oxygen species: Physiological and physiopathological effects on synaptic plasticity. J Exp. Neurosci 10 (Suppl 1):23–48. doi:10.4137/JEN.S39887.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhuyan, D. J., M. A. Alsherbiny, S. Perera, M. Low, A. Base, O. A. Devi, M. S. Barooah, C. G. Li, and K. Papoutsis. 2019. The odyssey of bioactive compounds in avocado (Persea americana) and their health benefits. Antioxidants 8:426. doi:10.3390/antiox8100426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boadi, N., M. Badu, S. A. Saah, and M. B. Mensah. 2015. Phytoconstituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaves of Persea americana mill cultivated in Ghana. J. Med. Plant Res. 9:933–39. doi:10.5897/JMPR2015.5902.
   Google Scholar
• Bouaziz, C., I. Graiet, A. Salah, I. Ben Salem, and S. Abid. 2020. Influence of bifentrin, a pyrethriod pesticide, on human colorectal HCT-116 cells attributed to alterations in oxidative stress involving mitochondrial apoptotic processes. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 83:331–40. doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1755756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullone, M., and J. P. Lavoie. 2017. The contribution of oxidative stress and inflamm-aging in human and equine asthma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18:2612. doi:10.3390/ijms18122612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cubillos-Rojas, M. F., R. Amair-Pinedo, R. Peiró-Jordán, F. V. Bartrons, and J. L. Rosa. 2014. The E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase HERC2 modulates the activity of tumor protein p53 by regulating its oligomerization. J. Biol. Chem. 289:14782–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.527978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabas, D., R. J. Elias, G. R. Ziegler, and J. D. Lambert. 2019. In vitro antioxidant and cancer inhibitory activity of a colored avocado seed extract. Int. J. Food Sci 2019:6509421. doi:10.1155/2019/6509421.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dabas, D., R. M. Shegog, G. R. Ziegler, and J. D. Lambert. 2013. Avocado (Persea americana) seed as a source of bioactive phytochemicals. Curr. Pharm. Des. 19:6133–40. doi:10.2174/1381612811319340007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daenen, K., A. Andries, D. Mekahli, A. V. Schepdael, F. Jouret, and B. Bammerns. 2019. Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr. Nephrol. 34:975–91. doi:10.1007/s00467-018-4005-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahabieh, M. S., E. Di Pietro, M. Jangal, C. Goncalves, M. Witcher, N. E. Braverman, S. V. Del Rincón. 2018. Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Rev. Cancer. 1870(1):103–121.
   Google Scholar
• Dreher, M. L., and A. J. Davenport. 2013. Has avocado composition and potential health effects. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 53:738–50. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.556759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulay, R. M. R., and M. E. G. De Castro. 2016. Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) extract exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Der. Pharm. Lett. 8:191–96.
   Google Scholar
• Duni, A., V. Liakopoulos, S. Roumeliotis, D. Peschos, and E. Dounousi. 2019. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and evolution of chronic kidney disease: Untangling Ariadne’s thread. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20:3711. doi:10.3390/ijms20153711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egbuonu, A. C. C., I. C. Opara, C. Onyeabo, and N. O. Uchenna. 2018. Proximate, functional, antinutrient and antimicrobial properties of avocado pear (Persea americana) seeds. J. Nutr. Health Food Eng 8:78–82.
   Google Scholar
• Ejiofor, N., I. E. Ezeagu, M. Ayoola, and E. A. Umera. 2018. Determination of the chemical composition of avocado (Persea americana) seed. Adv. Food Technol. Nut. Sci.2:SE 51–55.
   Google Scholar
• Esposti, M. D. 2002. Measuring mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Methods 26:335–40. doi:10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00039-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Y., T. Liu, S. Y. Dong, Y. J. Guo, J. Jankovic, H. Xu, and Y. C. Wu. 2015. Rotenone affects p53 transcriptional activity and apoptosis via targeting SIRT1 and H3K9 acetylation in SH-SY5Y cells. J. Neurochem. 134:668–76. doi:10.1111/jnc.13172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores, M., C. Saravia, C. E. Vergara, F. Avila, H. Valdés, and J. Ortiz-Viedma. 2019. Avocado oil: Characteristics, properties and applications. Molecules 24:2172. doi:10.3390/molecules24112172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukui, M., N. Yamabe, and B. T. Zhu. 2010. Resveratrol attenuates the anticancer efficacy of paclitaxel in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur. J. Cancer. 46:1882–91. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Rodriguez, M. D. C., G. Serrano-Reyes, L. M. Hernández-Cortés, and M. Altamirano-Lozano. 2021. Antigenotoxic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its relationship with the endogenous antioxidant system, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct repair (8-OHdG), and apoptosis in mice exposed to chromium(VI). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 84:331–44. doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1867275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godoya, M. G., V. F. Keysson, L. E. G. Melissa, J. T. M. Edésio, M. C. Aline, L. T. M. Olga, and M. G. F. Denise. 2012. Use of Vero cell line to verify the biodetoxification efficiency of castor bean waste. Process Biochem 47:578–84. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2011.12.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldblum, D., M. Gygax, M. Böhnke, and J. G. Garweg. 2002. In vitro toxicity of rivastigmine and donepezil in cells of epithelial origin. Ophthalmic Res. 34:97–103. doi:10.1159/000048336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorlova, A., D. Pavlov, E. Zubkov, Y. Zorkina, A. Inozemtsev, A. Morozova, and V. Chekhonin. 2019. Alteration of oxidative stress markers and behavior of rats in a novel model of depression. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 79:232–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Günadyn, C., Z. B. Çelik, S. S. Bilge, B. Avci, and N. Kara. 2021. SAHA attenuates rotenone-induced toxicity in primary microglia and HT-22- cells. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 37:23–33. doi:10.1177/0748233720979278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, R. C., and D. Milatovic. 2015. Inseticides. In Hamilton and Hardy’s Industrial Toxicology 6 ed, ed.. R. D. Harbison, M. M. Bourgeois, and G. T. Johnson.
   Google Scholar
• Hao, X. M., L. D. Li, C. L. Duan, and Y. J. Li. 2017. Neuroprotective effect of α-mangostin on mitochondrial dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation in rotenone-induced model of Parkinson’s disease in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 19:833–45. doi:10.1080/10286020.2017.1339349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidari, R., and H. Niknahad. 2019. The role and study of mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress in cholestasis. Meth Mol. Biol. 1981:117–1322.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry, L., U. Y. Mtaita, and C. C. Kimaro. 2015. Nutritional efficacy of avocado seeds. Global J. Food Sci. Technol. 3:192–96.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, W., H. Tian, W. Yue, L. Li, S. Li, C. Gao, L. Si, L. Qi, M. Lu, B. Hao, et al.. 2016. Rotenone induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells by regulating autophagic flux. IUBMB Life 68:388–93. doi:10.1002/iub.1493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imran, M., B. Salehi, J. Sharifi-Rad, T. Aslam Gondal, F. Saeed, A. Imran, M. Shahbaz, P. V. Tsouh Fokou, M. Umair Arshad, H. Khan, et al.. 2019. Kaempferol: A key emphasis to its anticancer potential. Molecules 24:2277. doi:10.3390/molecules24122277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Javed, H., S. Azimullah, S. B. Abul Khair, S. Ojha, and M. E. Haque. 2016. Neuroprotective effect of nerolidol against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced by rotenone. BMC Neurosci 17:58. doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0293-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenner, P. 2001. Parkinson’s disease, pesticides and mitochondrial dysfunction. Trends Neurosci. 24:245–46. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01789-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, T., Q. Sun, and S. Chen. 2016. Oxidative stress: A major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Prog. Neurobiol. 147:1–19. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, X. W., L. Qiao, L. Liu, Q. W. Wei, X. W. Wang, and W. H. Yu. 2017. Rotenone induces nephrotoxicity in rats: Oxidative damage and apoptosis. Toxicol. Mech. Meth. 27:528–36. doi:10.1080/15376516.2017.1333553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavitha, M., T. Manivasagam, M. M. Essa, K. Tamilselvam, G. P. Selvakumar, S. Karthikeyan, J. A. Thenmozhi, and S. Subash. 2014. Mangiferin antagonizes rotenone: Induced apoptosis through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem. Res. 39:668–76. doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1249-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura, A., K. Namekata, X. Guo, T. Noro, C. Harada, and T. Harada. 2017. Targeting oxidative stress for treatment of glaucoma and optic neuritis. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev 2017:2817252. doi:10.1155/2017/2817252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozak, A., D. Formanowicz, and P. Formanowicz. 2018. Structural analysis of a petri net model of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. IET Syst. Biol. 12:108–17. doi:10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurpik, M., P. Zalewski, M. Kujawska, M. Ewertowska, E. Ignatowicz, J. Cielecka-Piontek, and J. Jodynis-Liebert. 2021. Can cranberry juice protect against rotenone-induced toxicity in rats? Nutrients 13:1050. doi:10.3390/nu13041050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam, C. F., H. T. Yeung, Y. M. Lam, and R. K. Ng. 2018. Reactive oxygen species activate differentiation gene transcription of acute myeloid leukemia cells via the JNK/c-JUN signaling pathway. Leuk. Res. 68:112–19. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2018.03.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, J., S. R. Yoon, I. Choi, H. Jung. 2019. Causes and Mechanisms of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging. 2019. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20(6):1272.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J., K. Ma, M. Moulik, and V. Yechoor. 2018. Untimely oxidative stress in B-cells leads to diabetes - role of circadian clock in B-cell function. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 119:69–74. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, T. T., Y. L. Shi, J. W. Jia, and L. Wang. 2010. Sensitivity of different cytotoxic responses of Vero cells exposed to organic chemical pollutants and their reliability in the bio-toxicity test of trace chemical pollutants. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 23:219–29. doi:10.1016/S0895-3988(10)60056-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X. R. W., G. M. Li, C. F. Si, Y. P. He, M. Wang, Y. Yang, Q. Y. Zheng, and C. Y. Wang. 2016. The ROS derived mitochondrial respirstion not from NADPH oxidase plays key role in Celastrol against angiotensin II-mediated HepG2 cell proliferation. Apoptosis 21:1315–26. doi:10.1007/s10495-016-1294-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265–75. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado, A. K., A. C. Andreazza, T. M. Da Silva, A. A. Boligon, V. do Nascimento, G. Scola, A. Duong, F. C. Cadoná, E. E. Ribeiro, and I. B. M. Da Cruz. 2016. Neuroprotective effects of açaí (Euterpe oleracea mart.) against rotenone in vitro exposure. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev 2016:8940850. doi:10.1155/2016/8940850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mardigan, L. P., V. J. dos Santos, P. T. da Silva, L. V. Visentainer, S. T. M. Gomes, and M. Matsushita. 2019. Investigation of bioactive compounds from various avocado varieties (Persea americana Miller). Food Sci. Technol. 39:15–21. doi:10.1590/fst.34817.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menegas, S., G. C. Dal-Pont, J. H. Cararo, R. B. Varela, J. M. Aguiar-Geraldo, T. Possamai-Della, M. L. Andersen, J. Quevedo, and S. S. Valvassori. 2020. Efficacy of folic acid as an adjunct to lithium therapy on manic-like behaviors, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in an animal model of mania. Metab. Brain Dis. 35:413–25. doi:10.1007/s11011-019-00503-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menezes, C., E. Valério, and E. Dias. 2013. The kidney Vero-e6 cell line: A suitable model to study the toxicity of microcystins. New insights into toxicity and drug testing. IntechOpen 1:29–48.
   Google Scholar
• Mesnage, R., and G. E. Séralini. 2018. Editorial: Toxicity of pesticides on health and environment. Front. Public Health 6:268. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro, C., J. M. P. Ferreira de Oliveira, F. Pinho, V. Bastos, H. Oliveira, F. Peixoto, and C. Santos. 2018. Biochemical and transcriptional analyses of cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in human osteoblasts. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 81:705–17. doi:10.1080/15287394.2018.1485122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morabito, C., R. Rovetta, M. Bizzarri, G. Mazzoleni, G. Fano, and M. A. Mariggio. 2010. Modulation of redox status and calcium handling by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in C2C12 muscle cells: A real-time, single-cell approach. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 48:579–89. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mursaleen, L., S. Somavarapu, and M. G. Zariwala. 2020. Deferoxamine and curcumin loaded nanocarriers protect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity. J. Parkinson’s. Dis. 10:99–111. doi:10.3233/JPD-191754.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nam, Y. H., I. Rodriguez, S. Y. Jeong, T. N. M. Pham, W. Nuankaew, Y. H. Kim, R. Castaneda, S. Y. Jeong, M. S. Park, K. W. Lee, et al.. 2019. Avocado oil extract modulates auditory hair cell function through the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis genes. Nutrients 11:113. doi:10.3390/nu11010113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu, Y. J., W. Zhou, Z. W. Nie, K. T. Shin, and X. S. Cui. 2020. Melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against rotenone-induced mitochondrial deficiency in early porcine embryos. J. Pineal Res. 68:e12627. doi:10.1111/jpi.12627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oboh, G., V. O. Odybanjo, F. Bello, A. O. Ademosun, S. I. Oyeleye, E. E. Nwanna, and A. O. Ademiluyi. 2016. Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities. In Vitro. J. Basic Physiol. Pharmacol. 27:131–40.
   Google Scholar
• Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi, and K. Yagi. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95:351–58. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohl, K., K. Tenbrock, and M. Kipp. 2016. Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: Central and peripheral mode of action. Exp. Neurol. 277:58–67. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owolabi, M., H. Coker, S. Jaja. 2010. Bioactivity of the phytoconstituents of the leaves of Persea americana. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4(12):1130–1135
   Google Scholar
• Patel, D., S. Shukla, and S. Gupta. 2007. Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: Progress, potential and promise (review). Int. J. Oncol. 30:233–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peoples, J. N., A. Saraf, N. Ghazal, T. T. Pham, and J. Q. Kwong. 2019. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart disease. Exp. Mol. Med. 51:1–13. doi:10.1038/s12276-019-0355-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham, T. N. M., S. Y. Jeong, D. H. Kim, Y. H. Park, J. S. Lee, K. W. Lee, I. S. Moon, S. Y. Choung, S. H. Kim, T. H. Kang, et al.. 2020. Protective mechanisms of avocado oil extract against ototoxicity. Nutrients 12:947. doi:10.3390/nu12040947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinazo-Durán, M. D., K. Shoaie-Nia, V. Zanón-Moreno, S. M. Sanz-Gonzalez, J. B. Del Castillo, and J. J. Garcia-Medina. 2018. Strategies to reduce oxidative stress in glaucoma patients. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 16:903–18. doi:10.2174/1570159X15666170705101910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radad, K., M. Al-Shraim, A. Al-Emam, F. Wang, B. Kranner, W. Rausch, and R. Moldzio. 2019. Rotenone: From modelling to implication in Parkinson’s disease. Folia Neuropathol 57:317–26. doi:10.5114/fn.2019.89857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, N., N. U. Dewi, B. Bohari. 2018. Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.). Asian J. Sci. Res. 11(3):357–363
   Google Scholar
• Ramkumar, M., S. Rajasankar, V. V. Gobi, C. Dhanalakshmi, T. Manivasagam, A. J. Thenmozhi, M. M. Essa, A. Kalandar, and R. Chidambaram. 2017. Neuroprotective effect of demethoxycurcumin, a natural derivative of curcumin on rotenone induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 17:217. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1720-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapa, S. F., B. R. Di Iorio, P. Campiglia, A. Heidland, and S. Marzocco. 2020. Inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease—potential therapeutic role of minerals, vitamins and plant-derived metabolites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21:263. doi:10.3390/ijms21010263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rekha, K. R., and R. I. Sivakamasundari. 2018. Geraniol protects against the protein and oxidative stress induced by rotenone in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurochem. Res. 43:1847–962. doi:10.1007/s11064-018-2617-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosero, J. C., S. Cruz, C. Osorio, and N. Hurtado. 2019. Analysis of phenolic composition of byproducts (seeds and peels) of avocado (Persea americana mill.) cultivated in Colombia. Molecules 24:3209. doi:10.3390/molecules24173209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salehi, B., A. Venditti, M. Sharifi-Rad, D. Kręgiel, J. Sharifi-Rad, A. Durazzo, M. Lucarini, A. Santini, E. B. Souto, E. Novellino, et al.. 2019. The therapeutic potential of apigenin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20:1305. doi:10.3390/ijms20061305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samadarsi, R., and D. Dutta. 2020. Anti-oxidative effect of mangiferin-chitosan nanoparticles on oxidative stress-induced renal cells. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 151:36–46. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, L. H., and J. T. Greenamyre. 2013. Oxidative damage to macromolecule in human Parkinson’s disease and the rotenone model. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 62:111–20. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segovia, F. J., G. I. Hidalgo, J. Villasante, X. Ramis, and M. P. Almajano. 2018. Avocado seed: A comparative study of antioxidant content and capacity in protecting oil models from oxidation. Molecules 23:2421. doi:10.3390/molecules23102421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seoposengwe, K., J. J. van Tonder, and V. Steenkamp. 2013. In vitro neuroprotective potential of four medicinal plants against rotenone-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 13:353. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A., A. Ghani, K. Sak, H. S. Tuli, A. K. Sharma, W. N. Setzer, S. Sharma, and A. K. Das. 2019. Probing into therapeutic anti-cancer potential of apigenin: Recent trends and future directions. Rec. Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov. 13:124–33. doi:10.2174/1872213X13666190816160240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shkirkova., K., K. Lamorie-Foote, M. Connor, A. Patel, G. Barisano, H. Baertsch, Q. Liu, T. E. Morgan, C. Sioutas, and W. J. Mack. 2020. Effects of ambient particulate matter on vascular tissue: A review. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 23:319–50. doi:10.1080/10937404.2020.1822971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui, M. A., J. Ahmad, N. N. Farshori, Q. Saquib, S. Jahan, M. P. Kashyap, M. Ahamed, J. Musarrat, and A. A. Al-Khedhairy. 2013. Rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human liver HEPG2 cells. Mol. Cell Biochem. 384:59–69. doi:10.1007/s11010-013-1781-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa, H. G., V. T. Uchôa, S. M. G. Cavalcanti, P. M. de Almeida, M. H. Chaves, J. S. Lima Neto., P. H. M. Nunes, J. S. Da Costa Júnior, M. Rai, I. S. Do Carmo, et al.. 2021. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 84:399–417. doi:10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steve, S., K. Frenis, M. Oelze, S. Kalinovic, M. Kuntic, M. T. B. Jimenez, K. Vujacic-Mirski, J. Helmstadter, S. Kröller-Schön, T. Münzel, et al.. 2019. Vascular inflammation and oxidative stress: Major triggers for cardiovascular disease. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev 2019:7092151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabeshpour, J., B. M. Razavi, and H. Hosseinzadeh. 2017. Effects of avocado (Persea americana) on metabolic syndrome: A comprehensive systematic review. Phytother. Res. 31:819–37. doi:10.1002/ptr.5805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, D., K. Chen, L. Huang, and J. Li. 2017. Pharmacokinetic properties and drug interactions of apigenin, a natural flavone. Expert. Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 13:323–30. doi:10.1080/17425255.2017.1251903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzi, A., M. Iraz, S. Sahin, A. Ilhan, N. Idiz, and E. Fadillioglu. 2004. Protective effects of erdosteine on rotenone-induced oxidant injury in liver tissue. Toxicol. Ind. Health 20:141–47. doi:10.1191/0748233704th208oa.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi, S. S., A. K. Singh, F. Akhtar, A. Chaudhary, and S. I. Rizvi. 2019. Metformin protects red blood cells against rotenone induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 1:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Tuttis, K., D. L. M. G. Da Costa, H. L. Nunes, A. F. L. Specian, J. M. Serpeloni, L. C. P. Santos, E. A. Varanda, W. Vilegas, W. Martínez-Lopez, and I. M. De Syllos Cólus. 2018. Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) radlk. extract: Flavonoids quantification and chemopreventive effect on HepG2 cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 81:792–804. doi:10.1080/15287394.2018.1491911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Pol, A., W. H. Van Gilst, A. A. Voors, and P. van der Meer. 2019. Treating oxidative stress in heart failure: Past, present and future. Eur. J. Heart Fail 21:425–35. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinha, A. F., C. Sousa, M. O. Soares, and S. V. P. Barreira. 2020. Avocado and its by-products: natural sources of nutrients, phytochemical compounds and functional properties. Chapter 9. In: Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol.1. Book Publisher International
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J., X. Fang, L. Ge, F. Cao, L. Zhao, Z. Wang, and W. Xiao. 2018a. Antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of kaempferol and its corresponding glycosides and the enzymatic preparation of kaempferol. Plos One 13:e0197563. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T., Q. Yang, Q. Li, and K. Shun Bi. 2018b. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 13:12–23. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2017.08.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Y. Shinoda, A. Cheng, I. Kawahata, and K. Fukunaga. 2021. Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) involvement in alpha-synuclein-induced mitochondrial injury under oxidative stress. Biomedicines 9:110. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9020110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weremfo, A., F. Adulley, and M. Adarkwah-Yiadom. 2020. Simultaneous optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seeds using response surface methodology. J Anal. Meth Chem. 2020:7541927l. doi:10.1155/2020/7541927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P., X. S. Yan, Y. Zhang, D. S. Huo, W. Song, X. Fang, H. Wang, Z. J. Yang, and J. X. Jia. 2018. The protective mechanism underlying total flavones of Dracocephalum (TFD) effects on rat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 81:1199–206. doi:10.1080/15287394.2018.1504385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., A. V. Bazhin, J. Werner, and S. Karakhanova. 2013. Reactive oxygen species in the immune system. Int. Rev. Immunol. 32:249–70. doi:10.3109/08830185.2012.755176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., D. Jones, and F. Gonzalez-Lima. 2006. Neurodegeneration produced by rotenone in the mouse retina: A potential model to investigate environmental pesticide contributions to neurodegenerative diseases. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 69:1681–97. doi:10.1080/15287390600630203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar