Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in double‐crested cormorant chicks (phalacrocorax auritus)

References

• Bandiera , S. M. , Safe , S. and Okey , A. B. 1932 . Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls classified as either phenobarbitone‐, 3‐methylcholanthrene or mixed‐type inducers to cytosolic Ah receptor . Toxicology , 39 : 259
   Google Scholar
• Bandiera , S. M. , Sawyer , T. , Romkes , M. , Zmudzka , B. , Safe , L. , Mason , G. , Keys , B. and Safe , S. 1984 . Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): Effects of structure on binding to the 2,3,7,8‐TCDD cytosolic receptor protein, AHH induction and toxicity . Toxicology , 32 : 131 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellward , C. D. , Norstrom , R. J. , Whitehead , P. E. , Elliott , J. E. , Bandiera , S. M. , Dworschak , C. , Chang , T. , Forbes , S. , Cadario , B. , Hart , L. E. and Cheng , K. M. 1990 . Comparison of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin levels with hepatic mixed‐function oxidase induction in great blue herons . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 30 : 33 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford , M. M. 1976 . A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein‐dye binding . Anal. Biochem. , 72 : 248 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradlaw , J. A. and Casterline , J. L. 1979 . Induction of enzyme activity in cell culture: A rapid screen for detection of planar polychlorinated organic compounds . J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. , 62 : 904 – 916 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brunström , B. and Andersson , K. 1988 . Toxicity and ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase‐inducing potency of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in chick embryos . Arch. Toxicol. , 62 : 263 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunström , B. and Lund , J. 1988 . Differences between chick and turkey embryos in sensitivity to 3,3’,4,4'‐tetrachlorobiphenyl and in concentration/affinity of the hepatic receptor for 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin . Comp. Biochem. Physiol , 91C : 507 – 512 .
   Google Scholar
• Brunström , B. and Reutergärdh , L. 1986 . Differences in sensitivity of some avian species to the embryotoxicity of a PCB, 3,3’,4,4'‐tetrachlorobiphenyl, injected into eggs . Environ. Pollut. , 42 : 37 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke , M. D. and Mayer , R. T. 1974 . Ethoxyresorufin: Direct fluorometric assay of a microsomal O‐dealkylation which is preferentially inducible by 3‐methycholanthrene . Drug. Metab. Dispos. , 2 : 583 – 588 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison , M. S. , Wilkinson , C. F. and Okey , A. B. 1986 . Ah receptor for 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin: Comparative studies in mammalian and nonmammalian species . Chemosphere , 15 : 1665 – 1672 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , J. E. , Butler , R. W. , Norstrom , R. J. and Whitehead , P. E. 1989 . Environmental contaminants and reproductive success of great blue herons (Ardea herodias) in British Columbia, 1986–1989 . Environ. Pollut. , 59 : 91 – 114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbertson , M. , Kubiak , T. and Ludwig , J. 1991 . Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS) in colonial fish‐eating birds: similarity to chick‐edema disease . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 33 : 455 – 520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart , L. E. , Cheng , K. M. , Whitehead , P. E. , Shah , R. M. , Lewis , R. J. , Ruschkowski , S. R. , Blair , R. W. , Bennett , D. C. , Bandiera , S. M. , Norstrom , R. J. and Bellward , G. D. 1991 . Dioxin contamination and growth and development in great blue heron embryos . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 32 : 331 – 344 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hintze , J. L. 1990 . “ The Number Cruncher Statistical System, Version 5.03 ” . Kaysville, Utah
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman , D. J. , Rattner , B. A. , Bunck , C. M. , Ohlendorf , H. M. and Lowe , R. W. 1986 . Association between PCBs and lower embryonic weight in black‐crowned night herons in San Francisco Bay . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 19 : 383 – 391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannides , C. and Parke , D. V. 1990 . The cytochrome P‐450 1 gene family of microsomal hemoproteins and their role in the metabolic activation of chemicals . Drug Metab. Rev. , 22 : 1 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminsky , L. S. , Guengerich , F. P. , Dannan , G. A. and Aust , S. D. 1983 . Comparison of warfarin metabolism by liver microsomes of rats treated with a series of polybrominated biphenyl congeners by the component‐purified cytochrome P‐450 isozymes . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 225 : 398 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimbrough , R. D. 1974 . The toxicity of polychlorinated polycyclic compounds and related chemicals . CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 2 : 445 – 497 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kociba , R. J. and Schwetz , B. A. 1982 . A review of the toxicity of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) with a comparison to the toxicity of other chlorinated dioxin isomers . Assoc. Food Drug Off. Q. Bull. , 46 : 168 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Laemmli , U. K. 1970 . Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 . Nature , 227 : 680 – 685 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , R. , Davies , J. M. , Freeman , H. C. , Ivanovici , A. , Moore , M. N. , Stegeman , J. and Uthe , J. F. 1980 . Biochemical techniques for monitoring biological effects of pollution in the sea. In Biological Effects of Marine Pollution and the Problems of Monitoring, eds. A. D. McIntyre, J. D. Pierce . Const. Int. Explor. Mer. , 179 : 48 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Lubet , R. A. , Syi , J.‐L. , Nelson , J. O. and Nims , R. W. 1990 . Induction of hepatic cytochrome P‐450 mediated alkoxyresorufin O‐dealkylase activities in different species by prototype P‐450 inducers . Chem.‐Biol. Interact. , 75 : 325 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagayama , J. , Kuroki , H. , Masuda , Y. and Kuratsune , M. 1983 . A comparative study of polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin on arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inducing potency in rats . Arch. Toxicol. , 53 : 177 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolaidis , E. , Brunström , B. and Dencker , L. 1988 . Effects of TCDD and its congeners 3,3’,4,4'‐tetrachloroazoxybenzene and 3,3’,4,4'‐tetrachlorobiphenyl on lymphoid development in the thymus of avian embryos . Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 63 : 333 – 336 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norstrom , R. J. 1988 . “ Patterns and trends of PCB contamination in Canadian wildlife ” . In Hazards, Decontamination and Replacement of PCB , Edited by: Crine , J.‐P. 85 – 100 . New York : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Norstrom , R. J. and Simon , M. 1991 . “ Determination of specific polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in biological matrices by gel‐permeation/carbon chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry ” . In Environmental Carcinogens, Methods of Analysis and Exposure Measurement vol. 11, Polychlorinated Dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and Dibenzofurans , Edited by: Rappe , C. , Buser , H. R. , Dodet , B. and O'Neill , I. K. vol. 11 , 281 – 297 . Lyon, , France : World Health Organization, International Association for Research on Cancer .
   Google Scholar
• Norstrom , R. J. , Simon , M. and Muir , D. C. G. 1990 . Polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine mammals in the Canadian north . Environ. Pollut. , 66 : 1 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nosek , J. A. , Craven , S. R. , Sullivan , J. R. , Hurley , S. S. and Peterson , R. E. 1992 . Toxicity and reproductive effects of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin in ring‐necked pheasant hens . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 35 : 187 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlendorf , H. M. and Fleming , W. J. 1988 . Birds and environmental contaminants in San Francisco and Chesapeake Bays . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 19 : 487 – 495 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omura , T. and Sato , R. 1964 . The carbon monoxide‐binding pigment of liver microsomes. II. Solubilization, purification and properties . J. Biol. Chem. , 239 : 2379 – 2385 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkinson , A. , Safe , S. H. , Robertson , L. W. , Thomas , P. E. , Ryan , D. E. , Reik , L. M. and Levin , W. 1983 . Immunochemical quantitation of cytochrome P‐450 isozymes and epoxide hydrolase in liver microsomes from polychlorinated or polybrominated biphenyl‐treated rats . J. Biol. Chem. , 258 : 5967 – 5976 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , J. F. , Fancey , L. L. , Rahimtula , A. D. and Porter , E. L. 1987 . Review and perspective on the use of mixed‐function oxygenase enzymes in biological monitoring . Comp. Biochem. Physiol , 86C : 233 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Poland , A. and Glover , E. 1973 . Chlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins: Potent inducers of delta‐aminoluevulenic acid synthetase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. II. A study of the structure activity relationship . Mol. Pharmacol. , 9 : 737 – 747 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. and Knutson , J. C. 1982 . 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 22 : 517 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. P. , Glover , E. , Robinson , J. J. and Nebert , D. W. 1974 . Genetic expression of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Induction of monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P‐450 formation by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin in mice generally “nonresponsive” to other aromatic hydrocarbons . J. Biol. Chem. , 249 : 5599 – 5606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poland , A. , Greenlee , W. F. and Kende , A. S. 1979 . Studies on the mechanism of toxicity of the chlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and related compounds . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 320 : 214 – 230 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rattner , B. A. , Eroschenko , V. P. , Fox , G. A. , Fry , D. M. and Gorsline , J. 1984 . Avian endocrine responses to environmental pollutants . J. Exp. Zool. , 232 : 683 – 689 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rattner , B. A. , Hoffman , D. J. and Marn , C. M. 1989 . Use of mixed‐function oxygenases to monitor contaminant exposure in wildlife . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 8 : 1093 – 1102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rifkind , A. B. , Firpo , A. Jr. and Alonso , D. R. 1984 . Coordinate induction of cytochrome P448‐mediated mixed‐function oxidases and histopathologic changes induced acutely in chick embryo liver by polychlorinated biphenyl congeners . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 72 : 343 – 354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronis , M. J. J. , Hansson , T. , Borlakoglu , J. and Walker , C. H. 1989 . Cytochromes P‐450 of sea birds: Cross‐reactivity studies with purified rat cytochromes . Xenobiotica , 19 : 1167 – 1173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. H. 1984 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs): Biochemistry, toxicology and mechanism of action . CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 13 : 319 – 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Safe , S. H. 1986 . Comparative toxicology and mechanism of action of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 26 : 371 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. H. 1990 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and related compounds: Environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) . CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 21 : 51 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson , J. T. and Bellward , G. D. 1992 . In ovo 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) dose‐response: Comparison of induction of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) in domestic and wild avian species . Toxicologist , 12 : 82 (abstr. 232)
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson , J. T. and Bellward , G. D. 1993 . In ovo induction of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD): Comparison of four avian species . Toxicologist , 13 : 195 (abstr. 711)
   Google Scholar
• Towbin , H. , Stachelin , T. and Gordon , J. 1979 . Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets; procedure and some applications . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 76 : 4350 – 4354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berg , M. , Blank , F. , Heeremans , C. , Wagenaar , H. and Olie , K. 1987 . Presence of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in fish‐eating birds and fish from the Netherlands . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 16 : 149 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berg , M. , Craane , B. L. H. J. , Sinnige , T. , Lutke‐Schipholt , I. J. , Spenkelink , B. and Brouwer , A. 1992 . The use of biochemical parameters in comparative toxicology studies with the cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in the Netherlands . Chemosphere , 25 : 1265 – 1270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , C. H. and Ronis , M. J. J. 1989 . The monooxygenases of birds, reptiles and amphibians . Xenobiotica , 19 : 1111 – 1121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita , N. , Tanabe , S. , Ludwig , J. P. , Kurita , H. , Ludwig , M. E. and Tatsukawa , R. 1993 . Embryonic abnormalities and organochlorine contamination in double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) from the upper Great Lakes in 1988 . Environ. Pollut. , 79 : 163 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshihara , S. , Nagata , K. , Yoshimura , H. , Kuroki , H. and Masuda , Y. 1981 . Inductive effect on hepatic enzymes and acute toxicity of individual polychlorinated dibenzofuran congeners in rats . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 59 : 580 – 588 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar