Reassessment of the carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS)

References

• Abelson , P. H. 1991 . Excessive fear of PCBs (editorial) . Science , 253 (5018) : 361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlborg , U. G. , Becking , G. C. , Birnbaum , L. S. , Brouwer , A. , Derks , H. J. G. M. , Feeley , M. , Golor , G. , Hanberg , A. , Larsen , J. C. , Liem , A. K. D. , Safe , S. H. , Schlatter , C. , Waern , F. , Younes , M. and Yrjanheikki , E. 1994 . Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin‐like PCBs. Report on a WHO‐ECEH and IPCS consultation, December, 1993 . Chemosphere , 28 : 1049 – 1067 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control . March 1994 . Summary Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Selected Pesticides in Striped Bass from the Delaware Estuary , Delaware Project AFC‐5; Grant NA26FA0148–01 March ,
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , D. G. and Sauer , R. M. 1992 . Hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity in female Sprague‐ Dawley rats treated with 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD): A pathology working group reevaluation . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 15 : 245 – 252 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howe , B. K. , Crump , K. S. and Van Landingham , C. 1986 . Global 86. A Computer Program to Extrapolate Quantal Animal Toxicity Data to Low Doses , Ruston, LA : Clement Associates, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Kannan , N. , Tanabe , S. , Wakimoto , T. and Tatsukawa , R. 1987 . Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclor and Kanechlor mixtures . J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. , 70 : 451 – 454 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keenan , R. E. , Paustenbach , D. J. , Wenning , R. J. and Parsons , A. H. 1991 . Pathology reevaluation of the Kociba et al. (1978) bioassay of 2,3,7,8‐TCDD: Implications for risk assessment . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 34 : 279 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimbrough , R. D. and Jensen , A. A. 1989 . Halogenated biphenyls, triphenyls, napthalenes, dibenzo‐ dioxins and related products, , 2nd ed. , Amsterdam : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Kimbrough , R. D. , Squire , R. A. , Linder , R. E. , Strandberg , J. D. , Montali , R. J. and Burse , V. W. 1975 . Induction of liver tumors in Sherman strain female rats by PCB Aroclor 1260 . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 55 : 1453 – 1456 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kociba , R. J. , Keyes , D. G. , Beyer , J. E. , Carreon , R. M. , Wade , C. E. , Dittenber , D. A. , Kalnins , R. P. , Frauson , L. E. , Park , C. N. , Barnard , S. D. , Hummel , R. A. and Humiston , C. G. 1978 . Results of a two‐year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin in rats . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 46 : 279 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , J. A. , Hardisty , J. F. , Banas , D. A. and Smith , M. A. 1994 . A comparison of liver tumor diagnoses from seven PCB studies in rats . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 20 : 362 – 370 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Cancer Institute . 1978 . Bioassay of Aroclor 1254 for Possible Carcinogenicity , Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. 38, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 78–838 Bethesda, MD : U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Institutes of Health .
   Google Scholar
• Norback , D. H. and Weltman , R. H. 1985 . Polychlorinated biphenyl induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Sprague‐Dawley rat . Environ. Health Perspect. , 60 : 97 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1990 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: Environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 21 : 51 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. H. 1993 . Development of bioassays and approaches for the risk assessment of 2,3,7,8‐ tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin and related compounds . Environ. Health Perspect. , 101 : 317 – 325 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Safe , S. H. 1994 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 24 : 87 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer , E. , Greim , H. and Goessner , W. 1984 . Pathology of chronic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) feeding in rats . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 75 : 278 – 288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz , D. E. , Patrick , G. and Duinker , J. 1989 . Complete characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in commercial Aroclor and Clophen mixtures by multidimensional gas chromatography‐electron capture detection . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 23 : 852 – 858 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking Water . 1988 . Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) (Final). PB89–192256 , Springfield, VA : U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 1989 . Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and Dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs), an 1989 Update (1989a) , Washington, DC : U.S. EPA . EPA/625/3–89/016
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response . 1989b . Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A) (Interim Final) , Washington, DC : Toxics Integration Branch, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. EPA . EPA/540/1–89/002
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 1991 . Risk Assessment Forum. Workshop Report on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners , Arlington, MA : Eastern Research Group . EPA/625/3–91/020
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development . January 1996a . PCBs: Cancer Dose‐Response Assessment and Application to Environmental Mixtures , January , Washington, DC : National Center for Environmental Assessment . External Review Draft
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development . April 1996b . Draft Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment , April , Washington, DC : National Center for Environmental Assessment .
   Google Scholar
• Vater , S. T. , Velazquez , S. F. and Cogliano , V. J. 1995 . A case study of cancer data set combinations for PCBs . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 22 : 2 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar