REFERENCES
- Alcohol and Drug Services . ( 1995 ). Surveillance Report . Belmont , CA : San Mateo County Public Health Department .
- Bowser , B. ( 1992 ). African–American culture and AIDS prevention: From barrier to ally . The Western Journal of Medicine , 157 , 286 – 289 .
- Bowser , B. , & Bilal , R. ( 2001 ). Drug treatment effectiveness: African American culture in recovery . Journal of Drug Issues , 33 , 391 – 401 .
- Buchanan , A. S. , & Latkin , C. A. ( 2008 ). Drug use in the social networks of heroin and cocaine users before and after drug cessation . Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 96 , 286 – 289 .
- Coleman , S. , Kaplan , J. D. , & Downing , R. W. ( 1986 ). Life cycle and loss: The spiritual vacuum of heroin addiction . Family Process , 25 , 5 – 23 .
- Compton , W. ( 2000 ). Cocaine use and HIV risk in out of treatment drug abusers . Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 58 , 215 – 218 .
- Cottler , L. , Campbell , W. , Krishna , V. A. , Cunningham-Williams , R. M. , & Ben-Abdallah , A. ( 2005 ). Predictors of high rates of suicidal ideation among drug users . Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders , 193 , 431 – 437 .
- Duckworth , K. ( 2005 ). Effects of mothers’ education on parenting: An investigation across three generations . London Review of Education , 3 , 239 – 264 .
- Edwards , J. W. ( 2007 ). Test–retest reliability of self-reported drug treatment variables . Journal of Substance Abuse and Treatment , 33 , 7 – 11 .
- Gates , G. , & Goldberg , A. L. ( 2004 ). Prison rape: A critical review of the literature . Washington , DC : National Institute of Justice .
- Grella , C. E. , Hser , Y.-I. , & Hsieh , S. C. ( 2003 ). Predictors of drug treatment re-entry following relapse to cocaine use in DATOS . Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment , 25 , 145 – 154 .
- Grewal , R. , Cote , J. , & Baumgartner , H. ( 2004 ). Multicollinearity and measurement error in structural equation models: Implications for theory testing . Marketing Science , 23 , 519 – 529 .
- Jackson , J. S. ( 1991 ). Methodological approach . In J. S. Jackson (Ed.) , Life in Black America (pp. 13 – 30 ). Newbury Park , CA : Sage Publications .
- Joe , G. , Lloyd , M. R. , Simpson , D. D. , & Singh , B. K. ( 1982 ). Recidivism among opioid addicts after drug treatment: An analysis by race and tenure in treatment . American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 9 , 371 – 382 .
- Moos , R. H. , & Moos , B. ( 1986 ). Family environment scale manual () , 2nd ed. . Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
- Neaigus , A. , Friedman , S. , Goldstein , M. , Ildefonso , G. , Curtis , R. , & Jose , B. ( 1995 ). Using dyadic data for a network of HIV infection and risk behaviors among injecting drug users . NIDA Research Monograph , 151 , 20 – 37 .
- SAMHSA. (2004). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drugs and Health; Statistical Methods and Measurement: Appendix B . Washington , DC : U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Stanton , M. , & Todd , T. ( 1982 ). The family therapy of drug abuse and addiction . New York : Guilford .
- Streiner , D. ( 2006 ). Building a better model: An introduction to structural equation modelling . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 51 , 317 – 324 .
- U.S. Census Bureau . ( 2003 ). U.S. Census of population and housing . Washington , D.C. : U.S. Department of Commerce .
- Watters , J. , Bluthenthal , R. , & Kral , A. ( 1995 ). HIV seroprevalence in injection drug users . Journal of the American Medical Association , 273 , 1178 .
- Word , C. , & Bowser , B. P. ( 1997 ). Background to crack cocaine addiction and HIV high risk behaviors: Another AIDS epidemic . The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse , 23 , 67 – 78 .