Metabolomics in Lung Inflammation:A High-Resolution ¹H NMR Study of Mice Exposedto Silica Dust

REFERENCES

• Aboagye E. O., Bhujwalla Z. M. Malignant transformation alters membrane choline phospholipids metabolism of human mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1999; 59: 80–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adebodun F., Post J. Bulk magnetic susceptibility induced line broadening in the 19F NMR spectra of suspended leukemic cells. NMR Biomed. 1993; 6: 125–129
   Google Scholar
• Alderman D. W., Grant D. M. An efficient decoupler coil design which reduces heating in conductive samples in superconducting spectrometers. J. Magn. Reson. 1979; 36: 47–451
   Google Scholar
• Andrew E. R., Eades R. G. Removal of dipolar broadening of NMR spectra of solids by specimen rotation. Nature 1959; 183: 1802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antzutkin O. N., Shekar S. C., Levitt M. H. Two-dimensional sideband separation in magic-angle-spinning NMR. J. Magn. Reson. 1995; A115: 7–19
   Google Scholar
• Bertram H. C., Hu J. Z., Rommereim D. N., Wind R. A., Andersen H. J. Dynamic high-resolution 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and 1H T2 measurements in postmortem rabbit muscles using slow magic angle spinning. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004; 52: 2681–2688
   Google Scholar
• Bollard M. E., Garrod S., Holmes E., Lindon J. C., Humpfer E., Spraul M., Nicholson J. K. High-resolution 1H and 1H-13C Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy of Rat Liver. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 2901–2207
   Google Scholar
• Bollard M. E., Stanley E. G., Lindon J. C., Nicholson J. K., Holmes E. NMR-based metabonomic approaches for evaluating physiological influences on biofluid composition. NMR Biomed. 2005; 18: 143–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinckmann J., Notbohm H., Müller P. K. Collagen, Topics in Current Chemistry. Springer, Berlin 2005; 247
   Google Scholar
• Carter J. D., Driscoll K. E. The role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation in silica-induced lung disease: a species comparison. J. Env. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 2001; 20: 33–43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen J., Enloe B. M., Fletcher C. D., Cory D. G., Singer S. Biochemical analysis using high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy distinguishes lipoma-like well-differentiated liposarcoma from normal fat. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001; 123: 9200–9201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng L. L., Ma M. J., Becerra L., Ptak T., Tracey I., Lackner A., Gonzalez R.G. Quantitative neuropathology by high resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997; 94: 6408–6413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coen M., Lenz E. M., Nicholson J. K., Wilson I. D., Pognan F., Lindon J. C. An integrated metabonomic investigation of acetaminophen toxicity in the mouse using NMR spectroscopy. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2003; 16: 295–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramer T., Yamanishi Y., Clausen B. E., Frorster I., Pawlinski R., Mackman N., Haase V. H., Jaenisch R., Corr M., Nizet V., Firestein G. S., Gerber H. P., Ferrara N., Johnson R. S. HIF-1a is essential for myeloid cell-mediated inflammation. Cell 2003; 112: 645–657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshpande A., Narayanan P. K., Lehnert B. E. Silica-induced generation of extracellular factor(s) increases reactive oxygen species in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol. Sci. 2002; 67: 275–283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dethloff L. A., Gilmore L. B., Brody A. R., Hook G. E. Induction of intra-and extra-cellular phospholipids in the lungs of rats exposed to silica. Biochem. J. 1986a; 233: 111–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dethloff L. A., Gilmore L. B., Gladen B. C., George G., Chhabra R. S., Hook G. E. Effects of silica on the composition of the pulmonary extracellular lining. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1986b; 84: 66–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding M., Chen F., Shi X., Yucesoy B., Mossman B., Vallyathan V. Disease caused by silica: mechanisms of injury and disease development. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2002; 2: 173–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driscoll K. E., Costa D. L., Hatch G., Henderson R., Oberdorster G., Salem H., Schlesinger R. B. Intratracheal instillation as an exposure technique for evaluation of respiratory tract toxicity: uses and limitations. Toxicol. Sci. 2000; 55: 24–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driscoll K. E., Howard B. W., Carter J. M., Janssen Y. M., Mossman B. T., Isfort R. J. Mitochondrial-derived oxidants and quartz activation of chemokine gene expression. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2001; 500: 489–496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn W. B., Ellis D. I. Metabolomics: current analytical platforms and methodologies. Trends Anal. Chem. 2005; 24: 285–294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiehn O. Combining genomics, metabolome analysis, and biochemical modelling to understand metabolic networks. Compar. Func. Genomics 2001; 2: 155–168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrod S., Humpher E., Connor S. G., Connelly J. C., Spraul M., Nicholson J. K., Holmes E. High-resolution 1H NMR and magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopic investigation of the biochemical effects of 2-bromoethanamine in intact renal and hepatic tissue. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 45: 781–790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrod S., Humpfer E., Spraul M., Connor S. C., Polley S., Connelly J., Lindon J. C., Nicholson J. K., Homes E. High-resolution magic angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopic studies on intact rat renal cortex and medulla. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999; 41: 1108–1118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garroway A. N. Magic-angle sample spinning of liquids. J. Magn. Reson. 1982; 49: 168–171
   Google Scholar
• Gridley D. S., Dutta-Roy R., Andres M. L., Nelson G. A., Pecauta M. J. Acute effects of iron-particle radiation on immunity. Part II: leukocyte activation, cytokines and adhesion. Radiat. Res. 2006; 165: 78–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin J. L. Metabolic profiles to define the genome: can we hear the phenotypes?. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2004; 359: 857–871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haji-Michael P. G., Ladriere L., Sener A., Vincent J. L., Malaisse W. J. Leukocyte glycolysis and lactate output in animal sepsis and ex vivo human blood. Metabolism 1999; 48: 779–785
   Google Scholar
• Holmes E., Foxall P. J.D., Nicholson J. K., Neild G. H., Brown S. M., Beddell C. R., Sweatman B. C., Rahr E., Lindon J. C., Spraul M., Neidig P. Automatic data reduction and pattern recognition methods for analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of human urine from normal and pathological states. Anal. Biochem. 1994; 220: 284–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Rommerein D. N., Wind R. A. High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in rat liver using magic angle turning at a 1 Hz spinning rate. Magn. Reson. Med. 2002; 47: 829–836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Rommereim D. N., Wind R. A., Minard K., Sears J. A. A simple approach for obtaining high resolution, high sensitivity 1H NMR metabolite spectra of biofluids with limited mass supply. Proceedings of The 2006 International Conference on Bioinfomatics and Computational Biology, H. R. Arabnia, H. Valafar. CSREA Press. 2006b; 360–366
   Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Wind R. A. The evaluation of different slow-MAS techniques at low spinning rates in aqueous samples and in the presence of magnetic susceptibility gradient. J. Magn. Reson. 2002; 159: 92–100
   Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Wind R. A. Sensitivity-enhanced phase corrected ultra-slow magic angle turning using multiple-echo data acquisition. J. Magn. Reson. 2003; 163: 149–162
   Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Wang W., Liu F., Solum M. S., Alderman D. W., Pugmire R. J., Grant D. M. Magic-angle-turning experiments for measuring chemical–shift-tensor principal values in powdered solids. J. Magn. Reson. A 1995; 113: 210–222
   Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Wind R. A., Mclean J., Gorby Y. A., Resch C. T., Fredrickson J. K. High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy of metabolically active microordanisms using non-destructive magic angle spinning. Spectroscopy 2004; 19(12)98–102
   Google Scholar
• Hu J. Z., Wind R. A., Rommereim D. N. 1H relaxation times of metabolites in biological samples obtained with non-destructive ex vivo slow-MAS NMR. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2006a; 44: 269–275
   Google Scholar
• Jue T. Bioenergetics implication of metabolic fluctuation during muscle contraction. Metabolomics by In Vivo NMR, R. G. Shulman, D. L. Rothman DL. John Wiley & Sonsw Ltd, England 2005; 104–123
   Google Scholar
• Keshari K. R., Zektzer A. S., Swanson M. G., Majumdar S., Lotz J.C., Kurhanewicz J. Characterization of intervertebral disk degeneration by high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Med. 2005; 53: 519–527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaapen A. M., Borm P. J.A., Albrecht C., Schins R. P.F. Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: mechanisms. Int. J. Cancer 2004; 109: 799–809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreis R. Quantitative localized 1H MR spectroscopy for clinical use. J. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spec. 1997; 31: 155–195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N., Sioutas C., Cho A., Schmitz D., Misra C., Sempf J., Wang M., Oberley T., Froines J., Nel A. Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ. Health. Perspect. 2003; 111: 455–460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindon J. C., Holmes E., Nicholson J. K. Toxicological applications of magnetic resonance. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectr. 2001; 39: 1–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindon J. C., Holmes E., Nicholson J. K. So what's the deal with metabonomics? Metabonomics measures the fingerprint of biochemical perturbations caused by disease, drugs, and toxins. Anal. Chem. 2003; 75: 384A–391A
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindon J. C., Holmes E., Nicholson J. K. Toxicological applications of magnetic resonance. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectr. 2004; 45: 109–143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindon J. C., Nicholson J. K., Holmes E., Everett J. R. Metabonomics: metabolic processes studies by NMR spectroscopy of biofluids. Concepts Magn. Reson. 2000; 12: 289–320
   Google Scholar
• Mackinnon W. B., Barry P. A., Malycha P. L., Gillett D. L., Russell P., Lean C. L., Doran S. T., Barraclough B. H., Bilous M., Moountford C. Fine-needle biopsy specimen of benign breast lesions distinguished from invasive cancer ex vivo with proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1997; 204: 661–666
   Google Scholar
• Miller B. E., Hook G. E. Stimulation of surfactant phospholipid biosynthesis in the lungs of rats treated with silica. Biochem. J. 1988; 253: 659–665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millis K. K., Maas W.E., Cory D. G., Singer S. Gradient, high-resolution, magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy of human adipocyte tissue. Magn. Reson. Med. 1997; 38: 399–403
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mountford C. E., Wright L. C. Organization of lipids in the plasma membranes of malignant and stimulated cells: a new model. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1988; 13: 172–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson D. L., Cox M. M. Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry4th Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 2005
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson J. K., Lindon J. C., Holmes E. ‘Metabonomics’: understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data. Xenobiotica 1999; 29(11)1181–1189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson J. K., Wilson I. D. High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy of biological fluids. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectr. 1989; 21: 449–501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly K. M.A., Phipps R. P., Thatcher T. H., Graf B. A., Van Kirk J., Sime P. J. Crystalline and amorphous silica differentially regulate the cyclo-oxygenase-prostaglandin pathway in pulmonary fibroblasts: Implications for pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Physio Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2005; 288(6)L1010
   Google Scholar
• Pollard T. D., Earnshaw W. C. Cell Biology. Elsevier, Inc. 2004; 166
   Google Scholar
• Porter D. W., Millecchia L., Robinson V. A., Hubbs A., Willard P., Pack D., Ramsey D., McLaurin J., Khan A., Landsittel D., Teass A., Castranova V. Enhanced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production and damage after inhalation of silica. Am. J. Physiol. Lung. Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2002; 283: L485–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reo N. V. NMR-based metabolomics. Drug. Chem. Toxicol. 2002; 25: 375–382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Cabello J., Cohen J. S. Phospholipid metabolites as indicators of cancer cell function. NMR Biomed. 1992; 5: 226–233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiller J., Naji L., Huster D., Kaufmann J., Arnold K. 1H and 13C HR-MAS NMR investigations on native and enzymatically digested bovine nasal cartilage. MAGMA. 2001; 13: 19–27
   Google Scholar
• Schins R. P.F. Mechanisms of genotoxicity of particles and fibres. Inhal. Toxicol. 2002; 14: 57–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Y., Zhang R., Moore F. J., Kim J., Metz T. O., Hixson K. K., Zhao R., Livesay E. A., Udseth H. R., Smith R. D. Automated 20 kpsi RPLC-MS and MS/MS with chromatographic peak capacities of 1000–1500 and capabilities in proteomics and metabolomics. Anal. Chem. 2005; 77: 3090–3100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X., Castranova V., Halliwell B., Vallyathan V. Reactive oxygen species and silica-induced carcinogenesis. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B Crit Rev 1998; 1: 181–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X., Dalal N. S., Hu X. N., Vallyathan V. The chemical properties of silica particle surface in relation to silica-cell interaction. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1989; 27: 435–454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X., Mao Y., Daniel L. N., Saffiotti U., Dalal N. S., Vallyathan V. Silica-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. Environ. Health Perspect. 1994; 102(suppl. 10)149–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi X., Mao Y., Daniel L. N., Saffiotti U., Dalal N. S., Vallyathan V. Generation of reactive oxygen species by quartz particles and its implication for cellular damage. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 1995; 10: 1138–1144
   Google Scholar
• Shukla A., Timblin C., BeruBe K., Gordon T., McKinney W., Driscoll K., Vacek P., Mossman B. T. Inhaled particulate matter causes expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-related gene and oxidant-dependent NF-kappaB activation in vitro. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2000; 23: 182–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sime P. J., Xing Z., Graham F. L., Csaky K. G., Gauldie J. Adenovector-mediated gene transfer of active transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces prolonged severe fibrosis in rat lung. J. Clin. Invest. 1997; 100(4)768–776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha G. Trying to catch troublemakers with a metabolic profile. Science 2005; 310: 965–966
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith R. S., Smith T. J., Blieden T. M., Phipps R. P. Fibroblasts as sentinel cells. synthesis of chemokines and regulation of inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 1997; 151: 317–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spurney R. F., Coffman T. M. The role of eicosanoids in transplant rejection. Inflammation Mediators and Pathways, R. R. Ruffolo, Jr., M. A. Hollinger. CRC Press Inc. 1995; 129–145
   Google Scholar
• Steel R. G.D., Torrie J. H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to the Biological Science. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York 1960
   Google Scholar
• Taylor J. L., Wu C. L., Cory D., Gonzalez R. G., Bielecki A., Cheng L. L. High-resolution magic angle spinning proton NMR analysis of human prostate tissue with slow spinning rates. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003; 50: 627–632
   Google Scholar
• Thrall R. S., Peterson L. B., Linehan J. H., Abramoff P., Moore V. L. The effect of immunization on the uptake of intratracheally administered antigen. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1978; 10: 136–147
   Google Scholar
• Vallyathan V., Mega J. F., Shi X., Dalal N. S. Enhanced generation of free radicals from phagocytes induced by mineral dusts. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1992; 6: 404–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallyathan V., Shi X., Dalal N., Irr W., Castranova V. Generation of free radicals from freshly fractured silica dust: potential role in acute silica-induced lung injury. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1998; 1213–1219
   Google Scholar
• Voelkel K., Krug H. F., Diabate S. Formation of reactive oxygen species in rat epithelial cells upon simulation with fly ash. J. Biosci. 2003; 28: 51–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward A. G., Courts A. The Science and Technology of Gelatin. Academic Press, New York 1977
   Google Scholar
• Waters N. J., Holmes E., Williams A., Waterfield C. J., Farrant R. D., Nicholson J. K. NMR and pattern recognition studies on the time-related metabolic effects of a-naphthylisothiocyanate on liver, urine, and plasma in the rat: An integrative metabonomic approach. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001; 14: 1401–1412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weybright P., Millis K., Campbell N., Cory D. G., Singer S. Gradient, high-resolution, magic angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intact cells. Magn. Reson. Med. 1998; 39: 337–345
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams R. E., Lenz E. M., Lowden J. S., Rantalainen M., Wilson I.D. The metabonomics of aging and development in the rat: an investigation into the effect of age on the profile of endogenous metabolites in the urine of male rats using 1H NMR and HPLC-TOF MS. Mol. BioSystems 2005; 1: 166–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z. Magnetic susceptibility effects in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biological objects. Recent Res. Devel. Magnetism & Magnetic Mat., vol. Recent Res. Devel. Magnetism & Magnetic Mat., S. G. Pandalai, 2003; 147–169
   Google Scholar
• Wind, R. A.Hu, J. Z.2004. Method for high resolution magnetic resonance analysis using magic angle technique. US patents 665832 B2, 6670811, and 6836115 B2
   Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z. Proton NMR in biological objects submitted to magic angle spinning. Encyclopedia of Analytical Science 2nd Edition. ed. P.J. Worsfold, A. Townshend and C. F. Poole 2004; 6: 333–342, Elsevier Oxford
   Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z. In vivo and ex vivo high-resolution 1H NMR in biological systems using low-speed magic angle spinning. Progr. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectr. 2006; 49: 207–259
   Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z., Majors P. D. Slow-MAS NMR: a new technology for in vivo metabolomic studies. Drug Discovery Today Technol. 2005; 2: 291–294
   Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z., Majors P. D. Localized in vivo isotropic-anisotropic correlation 1H NMR spectroscopy using ultraslow magic angle spinning. Magn. Reson. Med. 2006b; 55: 41–49
   Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z., Rommereim D. N. High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in organs and tissues using slow magic angle spinning. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 46: 213–218
   Google Scholar
• Wind R. A., Hu J. Z., Rommereim D. N. High-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy in a live mouse subjected to 1.5 Hz magic angle spinning. Magn. Reson. Med. 2003; 50: 1113–1119
   Google Scholar
• Wind, R. A.Hu, J. Z.Rommereim, D. N.2006a. Advanced slow-magic angle spinning probe for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. US Patent 6653832 B2
   Google Scholar
• Zhang K., Rekhter M. D., Gordon D., Phan S. H. Myofibroblasts and their role in lung collagen gene expression during pulmonary fibrosis. A combined immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study. Am. J. Pathol. 1994; 145: 114–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar