Considerations in the Use of High Intensity Leg Cycle Ergometry as a Test of Muscular Performance

REFERENCES

• Atkinson , G. , Todd , C. , Reilly , T. and Waterhouse , J. 2005 . Diurnal variation in cycling performance: Influence of warm up . Journal of Sports Sciences , 23 ( 3 ) : 321 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , J. S. , Brown , E. , Hill , G. , Phillips , G. , Williams , R. and Davies , B. 2002 . Handgrip contribution to lactate production during high-intensity exercise . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 34 ( 6 ) : 1037 – 1040 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , J. S. and Davies , B. 2009 . Additional considerations and recommendations for the quantification of hand-grip strength in the measurement of leg power during high intensity cycle ergometry . Research in Sports Medicine , 17 : 145 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , J. S. , Gal , J. , Davies , B. , Bailey , D. and Morgan , R. 2001 . Power output of legs during high intensity cycle ergometry: Influence of hand grip . Journal of Sports Science & Medicine , 4 ( 1 ) : 10 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. S. , Van Praagh , E. , Gelsei , M. , Thomas , M. and Davies , B. 2007 . High-intensity intermittent cycle ergometer exercise: Effect of recovery duration and resistive force selection on performance . Research in Sports Medicine , 15 : 77 – 92 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bogdanis , G. , Nevill , M. and Boobis , L. H. 1995 . Recovery of power output and muscle metabolites following 30s of maximal sprint cycling in man . Journal of Physiology , 482 ( 2 ) : 467 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdanis , G. C. , Nevill , M. E. and Lakomy , H. K. 1994 . Effects of previous dynamic arm exercise on power output during repeated maximal sprint cycling . Journal of Sports Sciences , 12 : 363 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capriotti , P. V. , Sherman , M. W. and Lamb , D. R. 1999 . Reliability of power output during intermittent high-intensity cycling . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 31 ( 6 ) : 913 – 915 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carter , H. , Jones , A. M. , Maxwell , N. S. and Doust , J. H. 2002 . The effect of interdian and diurnal variation on oxygen uptake kinetics during treadmill running . Journal of Sports Sciences , 20 : 901 – 909 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamari , K. , Hachana , Y. , Amed , Y. B. , Galy , O. , Sghaı¨er , F. , Chatard , J. C. , Hue , O. and Wisløff , U. 2004 . Field and laboratory testing in young elite athletes . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 38 : 191 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson , C. J. , Horscroft , R. D. , McDaniel , J. , Aleksander , T. , Hunter , E. L. , Grisham , J. D. , McNeil , J. M. , Gidley , L. D. , Carroll , C. and Thompson , F. T. 2005 . The biomechanics of producing standing and seated maximal cycling power [abstract] . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 37 ( S5 ) : S393
   Google Scholar
• Davidson , C. J. , Wagner , B. M. and Martin , J. C. 2004 . Seated and standing maximal neuromuscular cycling power [abstract] . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 36 ( 5S ) : S344
   Google Scholar
• Dore , E. , Baker , J. S. , Jammes , A. , Graham , M. , New , K. and Van Praagh , E. 2006 . Upper body contribution during leg cycling peak power in teenage boys and girls . Research in Sports Medicine , 14 : 245 – 257 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dore , E. , Bedu , M. , Franca , N. M. and Van Praagh , E. 2001 . Anaerobic cycling performance characteristics in prepubescent, adolescent and young adult females . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 84 : 476 – 481 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dotan , R. 2006 . The Wingate anaerobic test's past and future and the compatibility of mechanically and electro-magnetically brake cycle-ergometers (Letter to the editors) . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 98 : 113 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drust , B. , Waterhouse , J. , Atkinson , G. , Edwards , B. and Reilly , T. 2005 . Circadian rhythms in sports performance—An update . Chronobiology International , 22 : 21 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fathallah , F. A. , Marras , W. S. and Wright , P. L. 1995 . Diurnal variation in trunk kinetics during a typical work shift . Journal of Spinal Disorders , 8 : 20 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrario , V. F. , Tredici , G. and Crespi , V. 1980 . Circadian rhythm in human nerve conduction velocity . Chronobiologia , 7 : 205 – 209 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franklin , K. L. , Gordon , R. S. , Baker , J. S. and Davies , B. 2006 . Accurate assessment of work done and power during a Wingate anaerobic test . Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism , 32 : 225 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Gastin , P. B. 2001 . Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise . Sports Medicine , 31 : 725 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacomoni , M. , Billaut , F. and Falgairette , G. 2006 . Effects of the time of day on repeated all-out cycle performance and short-term recovery patterns . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 27 ( 6 ) : 468 – 474 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasiter , M. , Stone , M. H. , Stewart , A. M. , Hughes , M. and Moir , G. L. 2003 . Reliability of power output during short duration maximal-intensity intermittent cycling . Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 17 ( 4 ) : 781 – 784 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill , D. W. , Cureton , K. J. , Collins , M. A. and Grisham , S. C. 1988 . Diurnal variations in responses to exercise of “morning types” and “evening types . Journal of Sports Medicine , 28 : 213 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , D. W. and Smith , J. C. 1991 . Circadian rhythm in anaerobic power and capacity . Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences , 16 : 30 – 32 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hopkins , W. G. 2000 . Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science . Sports Medicine , 30 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , H. A. and Hill , D. W. 1995 . Responses to incremental and constant power exercise tests at different times of day . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 27 ( Suppl ) : S109
   Google Scholar
• Kenefick , R. W. , Mattern , C. O. , Mahood , V. and Quinn , G. J. 2002 . Physiological variables at lactate threshold under-represent cycling time-trial intensity . Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness , 42 : 396 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kin-Isler , A. 2006 . Time-of-day effect in maximal anaerobic performance and blood lactate concentration during and after a supramaximal exercise . Isokinetics & Exercise Science , 14 : 335 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohler , R. M. , Rundell , K. W. , Evans , T. M. and Levine , A. M. 2010 . Peak power during repeated Wingate trials: Implications for testing . Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 24 ( 2 ) : 370 – 374 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laurent , C. M. , Meyers , M. C. , Robinson , C. A. and Green , M. 2007 . Cross-validation of the 20- versus 30-s Wingate anaerobic test . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 100 : 645 – 651 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libonati , J. R. , Cox , M. , Incanno , N. , Melville , S. K. , Musante , F. C. , Glassberg , H. L. and Guazzi , M. 1998 . Brief periods of occlusion and reperfusion increase skeletal muscle force output in humans . Cardiologia , 43 : 1355 – 1360 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lind , A. R. and McNicol , G. W. 1968 . Cardiovascular responses to holding and carrying weights by hand and by shoulder harness . Journal of Applied Physiology , 25 : 261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , J. C. , Diedrich , D. and Coyle , E. F. 2000 . Time course of learning to produce maximum cycling power . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 21 : 485 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , B. D. and Parker , A. W. 1989 . An anthropometric analysis of the elite Australian track cyclist . Journal of Sports Sciences , 7 : 247 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melhim , A. F. 1993 . Investigation of circadian rhythms in peak power and mean power of female physical education students . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 14 : 303 – 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendez-Villanueva , A. , Bishop , D. and Hamer , P. 2007 . Reproducibility of a 6s maximal cycling sprint test . Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport , 10 ( 5 ) : 323 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercier , B. , Mercier , J. , Granier , P. , Le Gallais , D. and Prefaut , C. 1992 . Maximal anaerobic power: Relationship to anthropometric characteristic during growth . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 13 : 21 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Racinais , S. , Blonc , S. , Jonville , S. and Hue , O. 2005a . Time of day influences the environmental effects on muscle force and contractibility . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 37 : 25 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Racinais , S. , Connes , P. , Bishop , D. , Blonc , S. and Hue , O. 2005b . Morning versus evening power output and repeated sprint ability . Chronobiology International , 22 : 1005 – 1015 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly , T. , Atkinson , G. , Edwards , B. , Waterhouse , J. , Farrelly , K. and Fairhurst , E. 2007 . Diurnal variation in temperature, mental and physical performance, and tasks specifically related to football (soccer) . Chronobiology International , 24 : 507 – 519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly , T. , Atkinson , G. and Waterhouse , J. 1997 . Biological rhythms in exercise , Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford Medical Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Reilly , T. and Down , A. 1992 . Investigation of circadian rhythms in anaerobic power and capacity of the legs . Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness , 32 : 343 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly , T. and Waterhouse , J. 2009 . Sports performance: Is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 106 : 321 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiser , R. F. , Maines , J. M. , Eisenmann , J. C. and Wilkinson , J. G. 2002 . Standing and seated Wingate protocols in human cycling: A comparison of standard parameters . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 88 ( 1–2 ) : 152 – 157 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sargeant , A. J. , Hoinville , E. and Young , A. 1981 . Maximum leg force and power output during short-term dynamic exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 51 : 1175 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shephard . 1984 . Sleep, biorhythms and human performance . Sports Medicine , 1 : 11 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souissi , S. A. , Bessot , N. , Chamari , K. , Gauthier , A. , Sesboue , B. and Davenne , D. 2007 . Effect of time of day on aerobic contribution to the 30s Wingate test performance . Chronobiology International , 24 : 739 – 748 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souissi , S. A. , Gauthier , A. , Sesboue , B. , Larue , J. and Davenne , D. 2004 . Circadian rhythms in two types of anaerobic leg exercise: Force-velocity and 30s Wingate test performance . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 25 : 14 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souissi , N. , Souissi , M. , Souissi , H. , Chamari , K. , Tabka , Z. , Dogui , M. and Davenne , D. 2008 . Effect of time of day and partial sleep deprivation on short term, high power output . Chronobiology International , 26 ( 6 ) : 1062 – 1076 .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , M. H. , Sands , W. A. , Carlock , J. , Callan , S. , Dickie , D. , Daigle , K. , Cotton , J. , Smith , S. L. and Hartman , M. 2004 . The importance of isometric maximum strength and peak rate-of-force development in sprint cycling . Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 18 ( 4 ) : 878 – 884 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Mil , E. , Schoeber , N. , Calvert , R. E. and Bar-or , O. 1996 . Optimization of force in the Wingate test for children with a neuromuscular disease . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 28 : 1087 – 1092 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Praagh , E. , Fellmann , N. , Bedu , M. , Falgairette , G. and Coudert , J. 1990 . Gender differences in the relationship on anaerobic power output to body composition in children . Paediatric Exercise Science , 2 : 336 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Waterhouse , J. , Drust , B. , Weinert , B. , Edwards , B. , Gregson , W. , Atkinson , G. , Kao , S. , Aizawa , S. and Reilly , T. 2005 . The circadian rhythm of core temperature: Origin and some implications for exercise performance . Chronobiology International , 22 : 207 – 225 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weistein , Y. , Bediz , C. , Dotan , R. and Falk , B. 1998 . Reliability of peak lactate, heart rate and plasma volume following the Wingate test . Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 30 ( 9 ) : 1456 – 1460 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson , R. W. , Snyder , A. C. and Dorman , J. C. 2009 . Analysis of seated and standing triple Wingate tests . Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research , 23 ( 3 ) : 868 – 873 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winter , E. M. , Brookes , F.B.C. and Hamley , E. J. 1991 . Maximal exercise performance and lean leg volume in men and women . Journal of Sports Sciences , 9 : 3 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar