Increasing frequency and fatality of poison control center reported exposures involving medication and multiple substances: data from reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1984–2013

References

• Gu Q, Dillon CF, Burt VL. Prescription drug use continues to increase: U.S. prescription drug data for 2007–2008. NCHS Brief. 2010;42:1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kantor ED, Rehm CD, Haas JS, et al. Trends in prescription drug use among adults in the United States from 1999–2012. JAMA. 2015;314:1818–1830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojtabai R, Olfson M. National trends in psychotropic medication polypharmacy in office-based psychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:26–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbain DDA. Polypharmacy treatment approaches to the psychiatric and somatic comorbidities found in patients with chronic pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;84:S56–S63.
   Google Scholar
• McCabe SE, Cranford JA, West BT. Trends in prescription drug abuse and dependence, co-occurrence with other substance use disorders, and treatment utilization: results from two national surveys. Addict Behav. 2008;33:1297–1305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyarzun-Gonzalez XA, Taylor KC, Myers SR, et al. Cognitive decline and polypharmacy in an elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63:397–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopcroft P, Peel NM, Poudel A, et al. Prescribing for older people discharged from the acute sector to residential aged-care facilities. Intern Med J. 2014;44:1034–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajjar ER, Cafiero AC, Hanlon JT. Polypharmacy in elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2007;5:345–351.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Injury prevention & control: prescription drug overdose; [cited 2015 Jul 30]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• McCabe SE, West BT, Teter CJ, Boyd CJ. Trends in medical use, diversion, and nonmedical use of prescription medications among college students from 2003 to 2013: connecting the dots. Addict Behav. 2014;39:1176–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutrition Bussiness Journal (NBJ). NBJ’s global supplement and nutrition industry report 2014; [cited 2015 Jan 15]. Available from: http://newhope360.com/site-files/newhope360.com/files/uploads/2014/Global_Report%20summary.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Litovitz T, Veltri JC. 1984 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1985;3:423–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz T, Normann SA, Veltri JC. 1985 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1986;4:427–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Martin TG, Schmitz B. 1986 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1987;5:405–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Schmitz BF, Matyunas N, Martin TG. 1987 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg. 1988;6:479–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Schmitz BF, Holm KC. 1988 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1989;7:495–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Schmitz BF, Bailey KM. 1989 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1990;8:394–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Bailey KM, Schmitz BF, et al. 1990 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1991;9:461–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Holm KC, Bailey KM, Schmitz BF. 1991 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. Am J Emerg Med. 1992;10:452–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Holm KC, Clancy C, et al. 1992 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1993;11:494–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Clark LR, Soloway RA. 1993 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1994;12:546–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Felberg L, Soloway RA, et al. 1994 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1995;13:551–597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Felberg L, White S, et al. 1995 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14:487–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Smilkstein M, Felberg L, et al. 1996 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1997;15:447–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Dyer KS, et al. 1997 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1998;16:443–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Caravati EM, et al. 1998 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17:435–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, White S, et al. 1999 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18:517–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, White S, et al. 2000 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2001;19:337–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, Jr, et al. 2001 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2002;20:391–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC, Jr, et al. 2002 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2003;21:353–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, et al. 2003 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2004;22:335–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC, Jr, et al. 2004 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23:589–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai MW, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, et al. 2005 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poisoning and Exposure Database. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44:803–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2006 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS). Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45:815–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2007 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 25th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46:927–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2008 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009;47:911–1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2009 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010;48:979–1178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2010 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 28th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49:910–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2011 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 29th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012;50:911–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2012 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 30th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013;51:949–1229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR, Jr, et al. 2013 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014;52:1032–1283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar