The efficacy and adverse effects of dicobalt edetate in cyanide poisoning

References

• Antal J. Experimental studies on the treatment of cyanide poisoning. Ung Arch Med. 1895;3:117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Cotton FA, Wilkinson G, Murillo CA, et al. Advanced inorganic chemistry, 6th ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Evans CL. Cobalt compounds as antidotes for hydrocyanic acid. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1964;23:455–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speijers GJ, Krajnc EI, Berkvens JM, et al. Acute oral toxicity of inorganic cobalt compounds in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 1982;20:311–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llobet JM, Domingo JL, Corbella J. Comparison of antidotal efficacy of chelating agents upon acute toxicity of Co(II) in mice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1985;50:305–308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hatori N, Pehrsson K, Clyne N, et al. Acute cobalt exposure and oxygen radical scavengers in the rat myocardium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1993;1181:257–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Vleet JF, Rebar AH, Ferrans VJ. Acute cobalt and isoproterenol cardiotoxicity in swine: protection by selenium–vitamin E supplementation and potentiation by stress-susceptible phenotype. Am J Vet Res. 1977;38:991–1002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesteloot H, Roelandt J, Willems J, et al. An enquiry into the role of cobalt in the heart disease of chronic beer drinkers. Circulation. 1968;37:854–864.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paustenbach DJ, Tvermoes BE, Unice KM, et al. A review of the health hazards posed by cobalt. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2013;43:316–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulet G. L'Intoxication Cyanhydrique et son Traitement. Paris: Masson SA; 1960.
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, editors. Clinical and experimental toxicology of cyanides. Bristol, UK: Wright, IOP Publishing; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Meredith TJ, Jacobsen D, Haines JA, et al., editors. Antidotes for poisoning by cyanide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan RJ, Jones AL. Antidotes. London: Taylor & Francis; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Marrs TC, Maynard RL, Sidell FR. Chemical warfare agents: toxicology and treatment. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Tulsawani R, Bhattacharya R. Effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on cyanide-induced biochemical alterations in rat brain and liver. Biomed Environ Sci. 2006;19:61–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya R, Tulsawani R. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of various carbonyl compounds against cyanide toxicity with particular reference to alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2008;31:149–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya R, Tulsawani R. Protective role of alpha-ketoglutarate against massive doses of cyanide in rats. J Environ Biol. 2009;30:515–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz C, Morgan RL, Way LM, et al. Antagonism of cyanide intoxication with sodium pyruvate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979;50:437–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niknahad H, O'Brien PJ. Antidotal effect of dihydroxyacetone against cyanide toxicity in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996;138:186–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health. Use of antidotes in cyanide poisoning. London: Department of Health; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Hill SL, Thomas SHL, Flecknell PA, et al. Rapid and equivalent systemic bioavailability of the antidotes HI-6 and dicobalt edetate via the intraosseous and intravenous routes. Emerg Med J. 2015;32:626–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushett CW, Kelley KL, Boxer GE, et al. Antidotal efficacy of vitamin B12a (hydroxocobalamin) in experimental cyanide poisoning. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1952;81:234–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulet G. Valeur des sels organiques du cobalt dans le traitement de l'intoxication cyanhydrique. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1957;151:1932–1935.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paulet G. Intoxication cyanohydrique et chélates de cobalt. J Physiol (Paris). 1958;50:438–442.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paulet G. Nouvelles perspectives dans le traitement de l'intoxication cyanhydrique. Arch Mal Prof. 1961;22:102–127.
   Google Scholar
• Paulet G. Concerning the treatment of hydrogen cyanide poisoning by means of cobalt chelates. Urg Med Chirurg. 1965;2:611–613.
   Google Scholar
• Marrs TC, Swanston DW, Bright JE. 4-Dimethylaminophenol and dicobalt edetate (Kelocyanor) in the treatment of experimental cyanide poisoning. Hum Toxicol. 1985;4:591–600.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kravzov J, Rios C, Altagracia M, et al. Comparison of cobalt edetate and alpha-ketoglutarate as antidotes against cyanide intoxication in mice. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 1994;37:43–44.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bryson D. Acute industrial cyanide in toxication and its treatment. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, editors. Clinical and experimental toxicology of cyanides. Bristol, UK: Wright, IOP Publishing; 1987. p. 348–358.
   Google Scholar
• Toxicological Review of Hydrogren Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (CASNo.Various). In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). United States Environmental Protection Agency; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne B, Bismuth C, Hall AH. Cyanides: chemical warfare agents and potential terrorist threats. In: Marrs TC, Maynard RL, Sidell FR, editors. Chemical warfare agents: toxicology and treatment, 2nd ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2007. p. 495–542.
   Google Scholar
• Ballantyne B. Chemical terrorism. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs T, Syversen T, editors. General and applied toxicology, 3rd ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2009. p. 2923–2946.
   Google Scholar
• McKiernan MJ. Emergency treatment of cyanide poisoning. Lancet. 1980;2:86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradberry SM, Casey PB, Braithwaite RA, Vale JA. Severe cyanide poisoning treated successfully with dicobalt edetate (Kelocyanor): case report from the West Midlands Poisons Unit, Birmingham, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Hillman B, Bhardan KD, Bain JTB. The use of dicobalt edetate (Kelocyanor) in cyanide poisoning. Postgrad Med J. 1974;50:171–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray VSG, Volans GN, Gillis C. Cyanide poisoning, the United Kingdom National Poisons Unit experience: 1963–1984. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, editors. Clinical and experimental toxicology of cyanides. Bristol, UK: Wright, IOP Publishing; 1987. p. 334–347.
   Google Scholar
• Kläui H, Russi E, Baumann PC. Cyanide poisoning. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1984;114:983–989.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoang TDP, Bretsztajn A, Pourriat JL, et al. [Acute intoxication by cyanide. One case (author's transl)]. Anesth Analg (Paris). 1981;38:161–162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daunderer M, Theml H, Weger N. Behandlung der Blausäurevergiftung mit 4-Dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP). Med Klin. 1974;69:1626–1631.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jouglard J, Nava G, Botta A, et al. A propos d'une intoxication aiguë par le cyanure de potassium traitée par l'hydroxocobalamine. Marseille Med. 1974;111:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wright IH, Vesey CJ. Acute poisoning with gold cyanide. Anaesthesia. 1986;41:936–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh BM, Coles N, Lewis P, et al. The metabolic effects of fatal cyanide poisoning. Postgrad Med J. 1989;65:923–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrer FH. Treatment of cyanide poisoning. J Soc Occup Med. 1981;31:65–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nagler J, Provoost RA, Parizel G. Hydrogen cyanide poisoning: treatment with cobalt EDTA. J Occup Med. 1978;20:414–416.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bourrelier J, Paulet G. Intoxication cyanhydrique consécutive à des brûlures graves par cyanure de sodium fondu. Sur trois cas traités par EDTACO2. Presse Med. 1971;79:1013–1014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bain JTB, Knowles EL. Successful treatment of cyanide poisoning. Br Med J. 1967;2:763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds C, McKnight C. Cyanide toxicity after immersion and the hazards of dicobalt edetate. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291:785–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naughton M. Acute cyanide poisoning. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1974;2:351–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall AH, Rumack BH, Schaffer MI, et al. Clinical toxicology of cyanide: North American clinical experiences. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, editors. Clinical and experimental toxicology of cyanides. Bristol, UK: Wright, IOP Publishing; 1987. p. 312–333.
   Google Scholar
• Klimmek R, Fladerer H, Szinicz L, et al. Effects of 4-dimethylaminophenol and Co2EDTA on circulation, respiration, and blood homeostasis in dogs. Arch Toxicol. 1979;42:75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riou B, Berdeaux A, Pussard E, et al. Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of hydroxocobalamin and cobalt edetate at equipotent cyanide antidotal doses in conscious dogs. Intensive Care Med. 1993;19:26–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froneman JC. A first experience in the use of Kelocyanor. Proc Mine Med Off Assoc SA. 1975;54:43.
   Google Scholar
• Aw TC, Bishop CM. Cyanide poisoning. J Soc Occup Med. 1981;31:173.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pickering WG. Cyanide toxicity and the hazards of dicobalt edetate. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291:1644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoigné R, Jaeger MD, Hess T, et al. Acute severe dyspnea as a side effect of drugs. Report from the CHDM (Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring). Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1990;120:1211–1216.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar