REFERENCES
- Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, Jr, Cobaugh DJ, Youniss J, Omslaer JC, May ME, Woolf AD, Benson BE. 2001 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20: 391–452, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Rodgers GC, Jr, Klein-Schwartz W, Youniss J, Rose SR, Borys D, May ME. 2002 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2003; 21: 353–421, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, Jr, Youniss J, Reid N, Rouse WG, Rembert RS, Borys D. 2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22: 335–404, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Ray DE, Forshaw PJ. Pyrethroid insecticides: poisoning syndromes, synergies, and therapy. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38: 95–101, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Wilks MF. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38: 103–105, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Casida JE. Pyrethrum flowers and pyrethroid insecticides. Environ Health Perspect 1980; 34: 189–202, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Ray DE. Pesticides derived from plants and other organisms. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology 1991; Volume 2: 585–593, [CSA]
- Culver CA, Malina JJ, Talbert RL. Probable anaphylactoid reaction to a pyrethrin pediculocide shampoo. Clin Pharm 1988; 7: 846–849, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Mitchell JC, Dupuis G, Towers GH. Allergic contact dermatitis from pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum spp.). The roles of pyrethrosin, a sesquiterpene lactone, and of pyrethrin II. Br J Dermatol 1972; 86: 568–573, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wax PM, Hoffman RS. Fatality associated with inhalation of a pyrethrin shampoo. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994; 32: 457–460, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Carlson JE, Villaveces JW. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to pyrethrum. Report of a case. JAMA 1977; 237: 1718–1719, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- White JF, Bernstein DI. Key pollen allergens in North America. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 91: 425–435, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids 2003; 131–152, [CSA]
- Soderlund DM, Clark JM, Sheets LP, Mullin LS, Piccirillo VJ, Sargent D, Stevens JT, Weiner ML. Mechanisms of pyrethroid neurotoxicity: implications for cumulative risk assessment. Toxicology 2002; 171: 3–59, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Franz TJ, Lehman PA, Franz SF, Guin JD. Comparative percutaneous absorption of lindane and permethrin. Arch Dermatol 1996; 132: 901–905, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Wester RC, Bucks DA, Maibach HI. Human in vivo percutaneous absorption of pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32: 51–53, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Eadsforth CV, Bragt PC, Van Sittert NJ. Human dose-excretion studies with pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and a-cypermethrin: relevance for biological monitoring. Xenobiotica 1988; 18: 603–614, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Woollen BH, Marsh JR, Laird WJ, Lesser JE. The metabolism of cypermethrin in man: differences in urinary metabolite profiles following oral and dermal administration. Xenobiotica 1992; 22: 983–991, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Eadsforth CV, Baldwin MK. Human dose-excretion studies with the pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin. Xenobiotica 1983; 13: 67–72, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Shono T, Ohsawa K, Casida JE. Metabolism of trans- and cis-permethrin, trans- and cis-cypermethrin, and decamethrin by microsomal enzymes. J Agric Food Chem 1979; 27: 316–325, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Gotoh Y, Kawakami M, Matsumoto N, Okada Y. Permethrin emulsion ingestion: clinical manifestations and clearance of isomers. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1998; 36: 57–61, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Leng G, Leng A, Kuhn KH, Lewalter J, Pauluhn J. Human dose-excretion studies with the pyrethroid insecticide cyfluthrin: urinary metabolite profile following inhalation. Xenobiotica 1997; 27: 1273–1283, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Butte W, Kemper K. A spectrophotometric assay for pyrethroid-cleaving enzymes in human serum. Toxicol Lett 1999; 107: 49–53, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Wheelock CE, Wheelock AM, Zhang R, Stok JE, Morisseau C, Le Valley SE, Green CE, Hammock BD. Evaluation of alpha-cyanoesters as fluorescent substrates for examining interindividual variation in general and pyrethroid-selective esterases in human liver microsomes. Anal Biochem 2003; 315: 208–222, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Choi J, Rose RL, Hodgson E. In vitro human metabolism of permethrin: the role of human alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 2003; 74: 117–128, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Leng G, Kuehn KH, Idel H. Biological monitoring of pyrethroid metabolites in urine of pest control operators. Toxicology Letters 1996; 88: 215–220, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Elflein L, Berger-Preiss E, Preiss A, Elend M, Levsen K, Wunsch G. Human biomonitoring of pyrethrum and pyrethroid insecticides used indoors: determination of the metabolites E-cis/trans-chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with negative chemical ionization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 795: 195–207, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Baker SE, Olsson AO, Barr DB. Isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying urinary metabolites of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 46: 281–288, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Hardt J, Angerer J. Biological monitoring of workers after the application of insecticidal pyrethroids. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003; 76: 492–498, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Heudorf U, Angerer J. Metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in urine specimens: current exposure in an urban population in Germany. Environmental health perspectives 2001; 109: 213–217, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Schettgen T, Heudorf U, Drexler H, Angerer J. Pyrethroid exposure of the general population—is this due to diet. Toxicology Letters 2002; 134: 141–145, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Hardt J. Ibuprofen interference in the determination of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2001; 371: 787–790, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Erstfeld KM. Environmental fate of synthetic pyrethroids during spray drift and field runoff treatments in aquatic microcosms. Chemosphere 1999; 39: 1737–1769, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- George DA. Permethrin and its two metabolite residues in seven agricultural crops. Journal Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1985; 68: 1160–1163, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Holmstead RL, Casida JE, Ruzo LO, Fullmer DG. Pyrethroid photodecomposition: permethrin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1978; 26: 590–595, [CSA], [CROSSREF]
- Kaufman DD, Haynes SC, Jordan EG, Kayser AJ. Permethrin degradation in soil and microbial cultures. ACS Symposium Series 1977; 42: 147–161, [CSA]