References
- Golnaz K, Parisa Z. Heavy metal contamination of popular nail polishes in Iran. Iran J Toxicol. 2015;29(9):1290–1295.
- Lopacink A, Loboda M. Global beauty industry in the 21st century. International Conference, Zadar, Croatia; 2013. p. 1079–1087.
- Ullah H, Noreen S, Fozia C, et al. Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Arab J Chem. 2013;10:10–18.
- Amit S, Rekha B, Atul K, et al. Determination of lead and cadmium in cosmetic products. J Chem Pharmaceut Res. 2010;2(6):92–97.
- Nesterenko P, Jones P. Single-column method of chelation ion chromatography or the analysis of trace metals in complex samples. J Chromatogr A. 1997;770:129–135.
- Alqadami A, Naushad M, Abdalla M, et al. Determination of heavy metals in skin whitening cosmetics using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2017;11(5):597–603. doi: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0212.
- Appenroth KJ. Definition of “heavy metals” and their role in biological systems. In: Soil heavy metals. Soil biology. Vol. 19. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. https://doi.org/10/1007/978-3-642-02436-8_2
- Health Canada. Consumer product safety: draft guidance on heavy metal impurities in cosmetics. A report released by environmental defence, 2011, Canada.
- US FDA. Federal Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act on hazardous chemicals in cosmetics. Title 21. Chapter 9: Food and Drugs. Subchapter VI: Cosmetics. 2018.
- Nancy M, William R, John W, et al. Survey of cosmetics for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, and nickel content. J Cosmet Sci. 2014;65:125–145.
- Jaishankar M, Tseten T, Anbalaga N, et al. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicol. 2014;7(2):60–72. doi: 10.2478/intox-2014-0009.
- Ewing G. Ewing’s analytical instrumentation handbook. 3rd ed. New York (NY): Marcel Dekker; 2005.
- Linsey M, Milnes I. Heavy metal analysis of cosmetics & personal care products: a critical and unavoidable global challenge. Inter Mag Cosmet Frag. 2011;19(10):17–19.
- Hamna A, Mehmood M, Shah M, et al. Evaluation of heavy metals in cosmetic products and their health risk assessment. Saudi Pharm J. 2020;28:779–790.
- Salwa Y, Rahil A, Elshara N, et al. Determination of some heavy metals in cosmetic products collected from Benghazi-Libya markets during 2016. Libyan Inter Med Univ J. 2019;4(1):10–17.
- Mutaz A, Al-Qutob A, Hiam M, et al. Determination of different heavy metals concentrations in cosmetics purchased from the Palestinian markets by ICP/MS. AES Bioflux. 2013;5(3):287–293.
- Adepoju-Bello A, Oguntibeju O, Adebisi R, et al. Evaluation of the concentration of toxic metals in cosmetic products in Nigeria. Afr J Biotech. 2012;11(97):16360–16364.
- Nasirudeen M, Amaechi A. Spectrophotometric determination of heavy metals in cosmetics sourced from Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Sci World J. 2015;10(3):1–5.
- Ekere N, Ihedioha J, Oparanozie T, et al. Assessment of some heavy metals in facial cosmetic products. J Chem Pharm Res. 2014;6(8):561–564.
- UkoNaku J, Inah B, Dominic A, et al. Health impact of toxic metals in facial cosmetics used in Calabar, Nigeria. IJPT. 2020;8(1):29–35. doi: 10.14419/ijpt.v8i1.30141.
- Aminat M, Habtie A. Determination of toxic heavy metals in selected cosmetics samples marketed in Ethiopia. Abyss. J. Sci. Technol. 2019;4(1):11–16.
- Philip Y, John S, Othman O. Levels of heavy metals in selected facial cosmetics marketed in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania J Sci. 2018;44(2):81–88.
- Łodyga-Chruścińska E, Sykuła A, Więdłocha M. Hidden metals in several brands of lipstick and face powder present on polish market. Cosmetics. 2018;5(4):57. doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5040057.
- Rajagopal M, Ramasubbu A, Velmani N. ICP – OES investigations of heavy metal contents in cosmetic products. J Pharm Res. 2015;9(1):27–30.
- Emad A, Farrag C, Mohammed H. Study of heavy metals concentration in cosmetics purchased from Jordan markets by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. AES Bioflux. 2015;7(3):383–394.
- Rozhan F, Nematollah J, Akbari H, et al. Evaluation of lead and cadmium concentrations in lipstick and eye pencil cosmetics. Environ Health Eng Manage J. 2019;6(4):277–282.
- Nourmoradi H, Foroghi M, Farhadkhani M, et al. Assessment of lead and cadmium levels in frequently used cosmetic products in Iran. J Environ Public Health. 2013;2013:962727. doi: 10.1155/2013/962727.
- Garcia B. Metals in cosmetics: cultural case studies and implications for human health [master thesis]. Toxicology Department. Lisbon, Portugal: University of Lisbon; 2016. p. 45.
- Charitra S. Poisonous cosmetics, the problem of lead in lipstick in Nepal. Kathmandu (Nepal): CEPHED; 2012. p. viii+7.
- Alam M, Akhter M, Mazumder B, et al. Assessment of some heavy metals in selected cosmetics commonly used in Bangladesh and human health risk. J Anal Sci Tech. 2019;10(2):1–8.
- Omenka S, Adeyi A. Heavy metal content of selected personal care products (PCPs) available in Ibadan, Nigeria, and their toxic effects. Toxicol Rep. 2016;3:628–635. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.07.006.
- Ghaderpoori M, Kamarehie B, Jafari A, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in cosmetic products sold in Iran: the Monte Carlo simulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020;27(7):7588–7595. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07423-w.
- Gilbert SG, Weiss B. A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 μg/dL. Neurotoxicology. 2006;27(5):693–701. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.06.008.
- Sabine M, Wendy G. Human health effects of heavy metals. Manhattan, USA: Center for Hazardous Substance Research, Kansas State University; 2009. p. 1–6.
- Du B, Zhou J, Lu B, et al. Environmental and human health risks from cadmium exposure near an active lead-zinc mine and a copper smelter, China. Sci Environ. 2020;7(20):1–8.
- Zainy F. Active compound and heavy metals in bleaching creams and their health effects: a review. J Pharm Res Inter. 2020;32(43):22–33.
- Al-Qahtani K, Ahmed HA, Al-Otaibi MB. Detection of toxic metals in lipsticks products in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Orient J Chem. 2016;32(4):1929–1936. doi: 10.13005/ojc/320419.
- Sun GF, Hu WT, Yuan ZH, et al. Characteristics of mercury intoxication induced by skin-lightening products. Chin Med J. 2017;130(24):3003–3004. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.220312.
- Ali H, Khan E, Sajad MA. Phytoremediation of heavy metals-concepts and applications. J. Chemosphere. 2018;7(91):869–881.
- Hu H. Human health and heavy metals exposure In: McCally M, editor. Life support: the environment and human health. Cambridge: MIT Press; 2002. p. 65–81.
- Magaye RR, Yue X, Zou B, et al. Acute toxicity of nickel nanoparticles in rats after intravenous injection. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:1393–1402. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S56212.
- Borowska S, Brzóska M. Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health. J Appl Toxicol. 2015;35(6):551–572. doi: 10.1002/jat.3129.
- Ladizinski B, Mistry N, Kundu RV. Widespread use of toxic skin lightening compounds: medical and psychosocial aspects. Dermatol Clin. 2011;29(1):11–23.
- Somaye S, Najarian R, Rasouli-Azad M, et al. A narrative review of heavy metals in cosmetics; health risks. Int J Pharm Res. 2019;11(4):182–190.
- USA, Cosmetics and Your Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women Health. Fairfax, VA; 2004. p. 1–7.
- El-Aziz RA, Abbassy MM, Hosny G. Health risk assessment of some heavy metals in cosmetics in common use. Int Environ Sci Toxic Res. 2017;5(3):62.
- Mahurpawar M. Effects of heavy metals on human health. Int J Res Granthaalayah. 2015;3(9SE):1–7. doi: 10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9SE.2015.3282.
- Azeez L, Adeoye MD, Lawal AT, et al. Assessment of volatile organic compounds and heavy metals concentrations in some Nigerian-made cosmetics. Anal Chem. 2013;12(12):443.