445
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Opinion Piece

Observant participation with people who inject drugs in street-based settings: reflections on a method used during applied ethnographic research

Pages 39-47 | Received 23 Mar 2016, Accepted 30 May 2016, Published online: 03 Jul 2016

References

  • Adler P, Adler PA. 2012. Tales from the field: reflections on four decades of ethnography. Qual Sociol Rev. 8:10–32.
  • Anderson E. 1999. Code of the street: decency, violence and the moral life of the inner city. London: Norton and Co. Ltd.
  • Beckerleg SE, Hundt GL. 2004. The characteristics and recent growth of heroin injecting in a Kenyan coastal town. Addiction Res Theory. 12:41–53.
  • Bourgois P. 1998. Just another night in a shooting gallery. Theor Cult Soc. 15:37–46.
  • Bourgois P, Schonberg J. 2009. Righteous dopefiend. University of California Press: Berkeley.
  • Briggs D. 2011. Crack cocaine users: high society and low life in South London. Routledge; London.
  • Brewer JD. 2012. Ethnography. In; Becker S, Bryman A, Ferguson H, editors. Understanding research for social policy and social work. Policy Press: Bristol. p. 302–311.
  • Brewer JD. 2000. Ethnography. Open University Press: Buckingham.
  • Debaere V, Vanheule S, Inslegers R. 2014. Beyond the “black box” of the Therapeutic Community for substance abusers: a participant observation study on the treatment process. Addiction Res Theory. 22:251–262.
  • Dixon-Woods M, Shojania KG. 2016. Ethnography as a methodological descriptor: the editors’ reply. BMJ Qual Saf. [Epub head of print]. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005117.
  • Drobnick J., editor. 2006. The smell culture reader. Oxford: Berg Publications.
  • Foote-Whyte W. 1943. Street corner society: the social structure of an Italian slum. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Forsyth AJM, Davidson N. 2010. The nature and extent of illegal drug and alcohol-related litter in Scottish social housing community: a photographic investigation. Addiction Res Theory. 18:71–83.
  • Frenken GMN, Sifaneck SJ. 1998. Sexworkers and dope: an ethnography of heroin using lap dancers in New York City. Addiction Res. 6:341–370.
  • Furst RT. 2000. The re-engineering of heroin: an emerging heroin “cutting” trend in New York city. Addiction Res. 8:357–379.
  • Goffman E. 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. London: Penguin Books.
  • Grasseni C. 2004. Video and ethnographic knowledge: skilled vision in the practice of breeding. In: Pink S, Kurti L, Afonso AI, editors. Working images: visual research and representation in ethnography. London: Routledge. p. 15–30.
  • Grund JPC. 1993. Drug use as a social ritual: functionality, symbolism and determinants of self-regulation. Rotterdam: Instituut voor Verslavingsonderzoek.
  • Hannerz U. 2012. Being there … and there … and there! Reflections on multi-site ethnography. In: Robben A, Sluka JA, editors. Ethnographic fieldwork: an anthropological reader. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 399–408.
  • Howes D. (Ed.). 2004. Empire of the senses: the sensual culture reader. Oxford: Berg Publications.
  • Jowsey T. 2015. Watering down ethnography. BMJ Qual Saf. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2015-005062.
  • Lande B. 2007. Breathing like a soldier: culture incarnate. In: Shilling C, editor. Embodying sociology: retrospect, progress and prospects. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. p. 95–108.
  • McKeganey N, Barnard M. 1992. AIDS. Drugs and sexual risk: lives in the balance. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
  • McKegney N, Neale J, Parkin S, Mills C. 2004. Communities and drugs: beyond the rhetoric of community action. Probation J. 51:343–361.
  • McNaughton Nicholls C, Mills L, Kotecha M. 2014. Observation. In: Ritchie J, Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston R, editors. Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage Publications. p. 243–268.
  • Mheen HVD, Coumans M, Barendregt C, Poel AVD. 2006. A drug monitoring system: keeping a finger on the pulse by triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods. Addiction Res Theory. 14:461–473.
  • Morrison C, Lee JP, Gruenewald PJ, Mair C. 2016. The reliability of naturalistic observations of social, physical and economic environments of bars. Addiction Res Theory. 24:330–340.
  • O’Connor E. 2007. Embodied knowledge in glassblowing: the experience of meaning and the struggle towards proficiency. In: Shilling C, editor. Embodying sociology: retrospect, progress and prospects. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. p. 126–141.
  • Ormston R, Spencer L, Barnard M, Snape D. 2014. The foundations of qualitative research. In: Ritchie J, Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston R, editors. Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage Publications. p. 1–26.
  • Ouellet L, Jimenez A, Wendell J, Wiebel W. 1991. Shooting galleries and HIV disease: variations in places for injecting illicit drugs. Crime Delinq. 37:64–85.
  • Parkin S. 2015a. Salutogenesis: contextualising place and space in the policies and politics of recovery from drug dependence (UK). Int J Drug Policy. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.10.002.
  • Parkin S. 2015b. Colliding intervention in the spatial management of street-based injecting and drug-related litter within settings of public convenience (UK). Space Polity. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1080/13562576.2015.1079972.
  • Parkin S. 2014. An applied visual sociology: picturing harm reduction. Farnham: Ashgate Publications Ltd.
  • Parkin S. 2013. Habitus and drug using environments: health, place and lived experience. Farnham: Ashgate Publications Ltd.
  • Parkin S. 2011. Identifying and predicting drug-related harm with applied qualitative research. In: Katz J, Peace S, Spurr S, editors. Adult lives: a life course perspective. Bristol: Policy Press. p. 439–458.
  • Parkin S. 2009a. The effects of place on health risk. A qualitative study of micro-injecting environments. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Plymouth: University of Plymouth.
  • Parkin S. 2009b. Public injecting drug use and applied visual research: design, collaborative-implementation and outcome. First International Conference on Visual Methods. University of Leeds, 15–17 September 2009.
  • Parkin S, Bingham T. 2013. 7 × 7 (7 Hits, 7 Days a Week): a short film on street-based injecting drug use. University of Huddersfield and Irish Needle Exchange Forum (INEF). Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VxA3yxlwKE
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2011a. Injecting drug user views (and experiences) of drug-related litter bins in public places: a comparative study of qualitative research findings obtained from UK settings. Health Place. 17:1218–1227.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2011b. Public injecting drug use and the social production of harmful practice in high-rise tower blocks (London, UK): a Lefebvrian analysis. Health Place. 17:717–726.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2011c. A rapid appraisal of public injecting and drug related litter in southend-on-sea, Essex. Unpublished Report, University of Plymouth.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2010a. Fluorescent blue lights, injecting drug use and related health risk in public conveniences: findings from a qualitative study of micro-injecting environments. Health Place. 16:629–637.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2010b. A rapid appraisal of public injecting and drug related litter in the London Borough of barking and Dagenham. Unpublished Report, University of Plymouth.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2009a. Public injecting and symbolic violence. Addiction Res Theory. 17:390–405.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2009b. ‘Informal sorter houses’: a qualitative insight of the ‘shooting gallery’ phenomenon in a UK setting. Health Place. 15:981–989.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2009c. Value in the visual: on public injecting, visual methods and their potential for informing policy (and change). Methodological Innovation Online. 4:21–36.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2009d. An informal evaluation of drug-related litter bins in Plymouth city centre. Unpublished Report, University of Plymouth.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2008. A comparative study of drug related litter collected in Plymouth during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. Unpublished Report, University of Plymouth.
  • Parkin S, Coomber R. 2007. A rapid appraisal of public injecting sites and drug related litter in Plymouth. Unpublished Report, University of Plymouth.
  • Pearson M, Parkin S, Coomber R. 2011. Generalizing applied qualitative research on harm reduction: the example of a public injecting typology. Contemp Drug Probl. 38:61–91.
  • Pennay A, Moore D. 2010. Exploring the micro-politics of normalisation: Narratives of pleasure, self-control and desire in a sample of young Australian ‘party drug’ users. Addiction Res Theory. 18:557–571.
  • Pink S. 2009. Doing sensory ethnography. London: Sage Publications.
  • Pink S. 2008. Mobilising visual ethnography: making routes, making place and making images. Forum Qual Soc Res. 9:1–18.
  • Pink S. 2007. Doing visual ethnography. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications.
  • Pike KL. 1967. Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior. The Hague: Mouton.
  • Power R. 2001. Reflections on participant observation in drugs research. Addiction Res Theory. 9:325–337.
  • Rhodes T, Fitzgerald J. 2006. Visual data in addictions research: seeing comes before words? Addiction Res Theory. 14:349–363.
  • Rhodes T, Moore D. 2001. On the qualitative in drugs research: part one. Addiction Res Theory. 9:279–297.
  • Rhodes T, Watts L, Davies S, Martin A, Smith J, Clark D, Craine N, Lyons M. 2007. Risk, shame and the public injector: a qualitative study of drug injecting in South Wales. Social Sci Med. 65:572–585.
  • Sifaneck SJ, Neaigus A. 2001. The ethnographic accessing, sampling and screening of hidden populations: heroin sniffers in New York City. Addiction Res Theory. 9:519–543.
  • Sutton RM, Farrall S. 2005. Gender, socially desirable responding and the fear of crime. Brit J Criminol. 45:212–224.
  • Unknown. 1993. Editorial. Soc Sci Med. 37:12(p. vii–viii).
  • Wacquant L. 2005. Carnal connections: on embodiment, apprenticeship and membership. Qual Soc. 28:445–474.
  • Williams T, Milton TB. 2015. The con men: hustling in New York city. University Press: Columbia.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.