Development of nano-carriers for Leishmania vaccine delivery

References

• Iborra S, Solana JC, Requena JM, et al. Vaccine candidates against Leishmania under current research. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018;17(4):323–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh B, Sundar S. Leishmaniasis: vaccine candidates and perspectives. Vaccine. 2012;30(26):3834–3842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Stebut E, Tenzer S. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: distinct functions of dendritic cells and macrophages in the interaction of the host immune system with Leishmania major. Int J Med Microbiol. 2018;308(1):206–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpedo G, Costa L, Ryan N, et al. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of neglected tropical protozoan diseases. J Venomous Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2019;25:e144118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijayakumar S, Das P. Recent progress in drug targets and inhibitors towards combating leishmaniasis. Acta Trop. 2018;181:95–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khamesipour A, Rafati S, Davoudi N, et al. Leishmaniasis vaccine candidates for development: a global overview. Indian J Med Res. 2006;123(3):423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoodi M, Khamesipour A, Dowlati Y, et al. Immune response measured in human volunteers vaccinated with autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with low dose of BCG. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003;134(2):303–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modabber F. Leishmaniasis vaccines: past, present and future. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;36:S58–S61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noazin S, Modabber F, Khamesipour A, et al. First generation leishmaniasis vaccines: a review of field efficacy trials. Vaccine. 2008 Dec 9;26(52):6759–6767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noazin S, Khamesipour A, Moulton LH, et al. Efficacy of killed whole-parasite vaccines in the prevention of leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2009 Jul 30;27(35):4747–4753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurunathan S, Klinman DM, Seder RA. DNA vaccines: immunology, application, and optimization. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18(1):927–974.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moreno E, Schwartz J, Calvo A, et al. Skin vaccination using microneedles coated with a plasmid DNA cocktail encoding nucleosomal histones of Leishmania spp. Int J Pharm. 2017;533(1):236–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coler RN, Reed SG. Second-generation vaccines against leishmaniasis. Trends Parasitol. 2005;21(5):244–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie PM, Beaumier CM, Strych U, et al. Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2016;34(26):2992–2995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belshe R, Lee M-S, Walker RE, et al. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasal, live attenuated influenza vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004;3(6):643–654.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skeiky YA, Coler RN, Brannon M, et al. Protective efficacy of a tandemly linked, multi-subunit recombinant leishmanial vaccine (Leish-111f) formulated in MPL® adjuvant. Vaccine. 2002;20(27–28):3292–3303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Hagan DT, Singh M. Microparticles as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2003;2(2):269–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reed SG, Orr MT, Fox CB. Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines. Nat Med. 2013;19(12):1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil E, Hassan A, Zijlstra E, et al. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomised, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan. Lancet. 2000;356(9241):1565–1569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satti IN, Osman HY, Daifalla N, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of autoclaved Leishmania major plus BCG vaccine in healthy Sudanese volunteers. Vaccine. 2001;19(15–16):2100–2106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick S, Ali N. Recent developments in leishmaniasis vaccine delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2008;5(7):789–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins SC, Mills KH. TLR, NLR agonists, and other immune modulators as infectious disease vaccine adjuvants. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12(1):4–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Badiee A, Shargh VH, Khamesipour A, et al. Micro/nanoparticle adjuvants for antileishmanial vaccines: present and future trends. Vaccine. 2013;31(5):735–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos-Neto A. Anti-leishmania vaccine. Leishmania: Springer; 2002. p. 169–190.
   Google Scholar
• Vajdy M, Srivastava I, Polo J, et al. Mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems for protein‐, DNA‐and RNA‐based vaccines. Immunol Cell Biol. 2004;82(6):617–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starita C, Gavazza A, Lubas G. Hematological, biochemical, and serological findings in healthy canine blood donors after the administration of CaniLeish® vaccine. Vet Med Int. 2016;2016:4601893.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teixeira MCA, Oliveira GGDS, Santos POM, et al. An experimental protocol for the establishment of dogs with long-term cellular immune reactions to Leishmania antigens. Memórias Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106(2):182–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moafi M, Rezvan H, Sherkat R, et al. Leishmania vaccines entered in clinical trials: A review of literature. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10(1):95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daneshvar H, Namazi MJ, Kamiabi H, et al. Gentamicin-attenuated Leishmania infantum vaccine: protection of dogs against canine visceral leishmaniosis in endemic area of southeast of Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(4):e2757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Luca PM, Macedo ABB. Cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccination: a matter of quality. Front Immunol. 2016;7:151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiaansen AF, Dixit UG, Coler RN, et al. CD11a and CD49d enhance the detection of antigen-specific T cells following human vaccination. Vaccine. 2017;35(33):4255–4261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regina-Silva S, Feres AMLT, França-Silva JC, et al. Field randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of the Leish-Tec® vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil. Vaccine. 2016;34(19):2233–2239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osman M, Mistry A, Keding A, et al. A third generation vaccine for human visceral leishmaniasis and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis: first-in-human trial of ChAd63-KH. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(5):e0005527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storni T, Kündig TM, Senti G, et al. Immunity in response to particulate antigen-delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57(3):333–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice-Ficht AC, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Kahl-McDonagh MM, et al. Polymeric particles in vaccine delivery. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010;13(1):106–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen P, Storni T, Rettig L, et al. Antigen kinetics determines immune reactivity. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2008;105(13):5189–5194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heegaard PM, Dedieu L, Johnson N, et al. Adjuvants and delivery systems in veterinary vaccinology: current state and future developments. Arch Virol. 2011;156(2):183–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallapragada SK, Narasimhan B. Immunomodulatory biomaterials. Int J Pharm. 2008;364(2):265–271.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jain S, Yap WT, Irvine DJ. Synthesis of protein-loaded hydrogel particles in an aqueous two-phase system for coincident antigen and CpG oligonucleotide delivery to antigen-presenting cells. Biomacromolecules. 2005;6(5):2590–2600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Reznikoff G, Dranoff G, et al. Cloned dendritic cells can present exogenous antigens on both MHC class I and class II molecules. J Immunol. 1997;158(6):2723–2730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp FA, Ruane D, Claass B, et al. Uptake of particulate vaccine adjuvants by dendritic cells activates the NALP3 inflammasome. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2009;106(3):870–875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M, Chakrapani A, O’Hagan D. Nanoparticles and microparticles as vaccine-delivery systems. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2007;6(5):797–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Mukkur T, Benson HA, et al. Pharmaceutical aspects of intranasal delivery of vaccines using particulate systems. J Pharm Sci. 2009;98(3):812–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benne N, van Duijn J, Kuiper J, et al. Orchestrating immune responses: how size, shape and rigidity affect the immunogenicity of particulate vaccines. J Control Release. 2016;234:124–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manolova V, Flace A, Bauer M, et al. Nanoparticles target distinct dendritic cell populations according to their size. Eur J Immunol. 2008;38(5):1404–1413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shima F, Uto T, Akagi T, et al. Size effect of amphiphilic poly (γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles on cellular uptake and maturation of dendritic cells in vivo. Acta Biomater. 2013;9(11):8894–8901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi VB, Geary SM, Salem AK. Biodegradable particles as vaccine delivery systems: size matters. Aaps J. 2013;15(1):85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blank F, Stumbles PA, Seydoux E, et al. Size-dependent uptake of particles by pulmonary antigen-presenting cell populations and trafficking to regional lymph nodes. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49(1):67–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang X, Li L, Liu T, et al. The shape effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility in vivo. ACS Nano. 2011;5(7):5390–5399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Anselmo AC, Banerjee A, et al. Shape and size-dependent immune response to antigen-carrying nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2015;220:141–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuda T, Dancey GF, Kinsky SC. Immunogenicity of liposomal model membranes in mice: dependence on phospholipid composition. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1977;74(3):1234–1236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay A, Fine RL, Demento S, et al. The impact of nanoparticle ligand density on dendritic-cell targeted vaccines. Biomaterials. 2011;32(11):3094–3105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaks K, Jordan M, Guth A, et al. Efficient immunization and cross-priming by vaccine adjuvants containing TLR3 or TLR9 agonists complexed to cationic liposomes. J Immunol. 2006;176(12):7335–7345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espuelas S, Irache J, Gamazo C. Synthetic particulate antigen delivery systems for vaccination. Immunologia. 2005;24(2):208–223.
   Google Scholar
• Mant A, Chinnery F, Elliott T, et al. The pathway of cross‐presentation is influenced by the particle size of phagocytosed antigen. Immunology. 2012;136(2):163–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathaes R, Winter G, Siahaan TJ, et al. Influence of particle size, an elongated particle geometry, and adjuvants on dendritic cell activation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015;94:542–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niikura K, Matsunaga T, Suzuki T, et al. Gold nanoparticles as a vaccine platform: influence of size and shape on immunological responses in vitro and in vivo. ACS Nano. 2013;7(5):3926–3938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiele L, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Jilek S, et al. Evaluation of particle uptake in human blood monocyte-derived cells in vitro. Does phagocytosis activity of dendritic cells measure up with macrophages? J Control Release. 2001;76(1–2):59–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champion JA, Mitragotri S. Role of target geometry in phagocytosis. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2006;103(13):4930–4934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Szoka FC. Lipid-based nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. Pharm Res. 2007;24(3):438–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen D, Agger EM, Andreasen LV, et al. Liposome-based cationic adjuvant formulations (CAF): past, present, and future. J Liposome Res. 2009;19(1):2–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick S, Kriegel C, Amiji M. Delivery strategies to enhance mucosal vaccination. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009;9(4):427–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta PK, Hung C-T. Targeted delivery of low dose doxorubicin hydrochloride administered via magnetic albumin microspheres in rats. J Microencapsul. 1990;7(1):85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson DS, Endsley AN, Huang L. Design considerations for liposomal vaccines: influence of formulation parameters on antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to liposome associated antigens. Vaccine. 2012;30(13):2256–2272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askarizadeh A, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, et al. Liposomal adjuvant development for leishmaniasis vaccines. Ther Adv Vaccines. 2017;5(4–5):85–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKee AS, Marrack P. Old and new adjuvants. Curr Opin Immunol. 2017;47:44–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratnapriya S, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Dube A. Visceral leishmaniasis: an overview of vaccine adjuvants and their applications. Vaccine. 2019;37(27):3505–3519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Principi N, Esposito S. Aluminum in vaccines: does it create a safety problem? Vaccine. 2018;36(39):5825–5831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shardlow E, Mold M, Exley C. Unraveling the enigma: elucidating the relationship between the physicochemical properties of aluminium-based adjuvants and their immunological mechanisms of action. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018;14(1):80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khoomrung S, Nookaew I, Sen P, et al. Metabolic profiling and compound-class identification reveal alterations in serum triglyceride levels in mice immunized with human vaccine adjuvant Alum. J Proteome Res. 2019;19(1):269–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raman VS, Reed SG, Duthie MS, et al. Adjuvants for Leishmania vaccines: from models to clinical application. Front Immunol. 2012;3:144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soudi S, Hosseini AZ, Hashemi S. Co‐administration of rectal BCG and autoclaved Leishmania major induce protection in susceptible Balb/c mice. Parasite Immunol. 2011;33(10):561–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okwor I, Uzonna J. Vaccines and vaccination strategies against human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Hum Vaccines. 2009;5(5):291–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagill R, Kaur S. Vaccine candidates for leishmaniasis: a review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011;11(10):1464–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewary P, Jain M, Sahani MH, et al. A heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen using ORFF DNA and recombinant ORFF protein confers protective immunity against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(12):2130–2137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Gicheru MM. A review of adjuvants for Leishmania vaccine candidates. J Biomed Res. 2010;24(1):16–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campos-Neto A, Porrozzi R, Greeson K, et al. Protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by recombinant antigens in murine and nonhuman primate models of the human disease. Infect Immun. 2001;69(6):4103–4108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poot J, Janssen L, van Kasteren-westerneng T, et al. Vaccination of dogs with six different candidate leishmaniasis vaccines composed of a chimerical recombinant protein containing ribosomal and histone protein epitopes in combination with different adjuvants. Vaccine. 2009;27(33):4439–4446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonui WK, Mejia JS, Hochberg L, et al. Immunization with Leishmania major exogenous antigens protects susceptible BALB/c mice against challenge infection with L major. Infect Immun. 2004;72(10):5654–5661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nateghi Rostami M, Keshavarz H, Khamesipour A. Immune response of BALB/c mice against an experimental vaccine of Alum precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major (Alum-ALM) mixed with BCG or Mycobacterium vaccae. Trop Biomed. 2010;27(1):89–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozorgomid A, Hajipirloo HM, Tappeh KH, et al. Evaluation of the alum–naloxone adjuvant activity against experimental murine leishmaniasis due to L major. J Parasitic Dis. 2016;40(4):1141–1145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thakur A, Kaur H, Kaur S. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Killed Leishmania donovani antigen along with different adjuvants against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2015;204(4):539–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida APM, Machado LF, Doro D, et al. New vaccine formulations containing a modified version of the amastigote 2 antigen and the non-virulent Trypanosoma cruzi CL-14 strain are highly antigenic and protective against Leishmania infantum challenge. Front Immunol. 2018;9:465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamil A, Khalil E, Musa A, et al. Alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major plus bacille Calmette-Guerin, a candidate vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis: safety, skin-delayed type hypersensitivity response and dose finding in healthy volunteers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2003;97(3):365–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musa AM, Khalil EAG, Mahgoub FAE, et al. Immunochemotherapy of persistent post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: a novel approach to treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102(1):58–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Liu X, Fisher K, et al. Enhanced type I immune response to a hepatitis B DNA vaccine by formulation with calcium-or aluminum phosphate. Vaccine. 2000;18(13):1227–1235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer L, Minke J, Dufay N, et al. Rabies DNA vaccine in the horse: strategies to improve serological responses. Vaccine. 2003;21(31):4593–4596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosado-Vallado M, Mut-Martin M, Del Rosario García-Miss M, et al. Aluminium phosphate potentiates the efficacy of DNA vaccines against Leishmaniamexicana. Vaccine. 2005;23(46–47):5372–5379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kshirsagar N, Pandya S, Kirodian B, et al. Liposomal drug delivery system from laboratory to clinic. J Postgrad Med. 2005;51(5):5.
   Google Scholar
• Schwendener RA. Liposomes as vaccine delivery systems: a review of the recent advances. Ther Adv Vaccines. 2014;2(6):159–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao M, Alving CR. Delivery of lipids and liposomal proteins to the cytoplasm and Golgi of antigen-presenting cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000;41(2):171–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portuondo DLF, Ferreira LS, Urbaczek AC, et al. Adjuvants and delivery systems for antifungal vaccines: current state and future developments. Med Mycol. 2015;53(1):69–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firouzmand H, Badiee A, Khamesipour A, et al. Induction of protection against leishmaniasis in susceptible BALB/c mice using simple DOTAP cationic nanoliposomes containing soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). Acta Trop. 2013;128(3):528–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehravaran A, Rezaei Nasab M, Mirahmadi H, et al. Immunogenicity and protection effects of cationic liposome containing imiquimod adjuvant on leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2019;22(8):922–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick S, Ravindran R, Ali N. Leishmanial antigens in liposomes promote protective immunity and provide immunotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis via polarized Th1 response. Vaccine. 2007;25(35):6544–6556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shargh VH, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, et al. Liposomal SLA co-incorporated with PO CpG ODNs or PS CpG ODNs induce the same protection against the murine model of leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2012;30(26):3957–3964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shargh VH, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, et al. Cationic liposomes containing soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) plus CpG ODNs induce protection against murine model of leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res. 2012;111(1):105–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hejazi H, Tasbihi M, Jaafari M, et al. The role of liposomal CpG ODN on the course of L major infection in BALB/C mice. Iran J Parasitol. 2010;5(1):47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandrup Schmidt S, Foged C, Smith Korsholm K, et al. Liposome-based adjuvants for subunit vaccines: formulation strategies for subunit antigens and immunostimulators. Pharmaceutics. 2016;8(1):7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badiee A, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, et al. Enhancement of immune response and protection in BALB/c mice immunized with liposomal recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63): the role of bilayer composition. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009;74(1):37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazumdar T, Anam K, Ali N. Influence of phospholipid composition on the adjuvanticity and protective efficacy of liposome-encapsulated Leishmania donovani antigens. J Parasitol. 2005;91(2):269–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaafari MR, Ghafarian A, Farrokh-Gisour A, et al. Immune response and protection assay of recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) reconstituted with liposomes in BALB/c mice. Vaccine. 2006;24(29–30):5708–5717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahl L, Scott C, Lelchuk R, et al. Vaccination against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis by using Leishmania major antigen/liposomes. Optimization and assessment of the requirement for intravenous immunization. J Immunol. 1989;142(12):4441–4449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma SK, Dube A, Nadeem A, et al. Non PC liposome entrapped promastigote antigens elicit parasite specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell immune response and protect hamsters against visceral leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2006;24(11):1800–1810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell DG, Alexander J. Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with defined membrane antigens reconstituted into liposomes. J Immunol. 1988;140(4):1274–1279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro PA, Dias DS, Novais MV, et al. A Leishmania hypothetical protein-containing liposome-based formulation is highly immunogenic and induces protection against visceral leishmaniasis. Cytokine. 2018;111:131–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConville MJ, Bacic A, Mitchell GF, et al. Lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major that vaccinates against cutaneous leishmaniasis contains an alkylglycerophosphoinositol lipid anchor. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1987;84(24):8941–8945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afrin F, Ali N. Adjuvanticity and protective immunity elicited by Leishmania donovani antigens encapsulated in positively charged liposomes. Infect Immun. 1997;65(6):2371–2377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick S, Ravindran R, Ali N. gp63 in stable cationic liposomes confers sustained vaccine immunity to susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Infect Immun. 2008;76(3):1003–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur A, Kaur H, Kaur S. Studies on the protective efficacy of freeze thawed promastigote antigen of Leishmania donovani along with various adjuvants against visceral leishmaniasis infection in mice. Immunobiology. 2015;220(9):1031–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojatizade M, Badiee A, Khamesipour A, et al. DDA/TDB liposomes containing soluble Leishmania major antigens induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response in BALB/c mice. Nanomed J. 2017;4(2):71–82.
   Google Scholar
• Bhowmick S, Ali N. Identification of novel Leishmania donovani antigens that help define correlates of vaccine-mediated protection in visceral leishmaniasis. PloS One. 2009;4(6):e5820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick S, Mazumdar T, Sinha R, et al. Comparison of liposome based antigen delivery systems for protection against Leishmania donovani. J Control Release. 2010;141(2):199–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindran R, Bhowmick S, Das A, et al. Comparison of BCG, MPL and cationic liposome adjuvant systems in leishmanial antigen vaccine formulations against murine visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10(1):181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jafari I, Shargh VH, Shahryari M, et al. Cationic liposomes formulated with a novel whole Leishmania lysate (WLL) as a vaccine for leishmaniasis in murine model. Immunobiology. 2018;223(6–7):493–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badiee A, Jaafari MR, Khamesipour A, et al. The role of liposome charge on immune response generated in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63). Exp Parasitol. 2009;121(4):362–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firouzmand H, Sahranavard M, Badiee A, et al. The role of LPD-nanoparticles containing recombinant major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania (rgp63) in protection against leishmaniasis in murine model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2018;40(1):72–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakhraee F, Badiee A, Alavizadeh SH, et al. Coadminstration of L major amastigote class I nuclease (rLmaCIN) with LPD-nanoparticles delays the progression of skin lesion and the L. major dissemination to the spleen in BALB/c mice-based experimental setting. Acta Tropica. 2016;159:211–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alavizadeh SH, Badiee A, Khamesipour A, et al. The role of liposome–protamine–DNA nanoparticles containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in the course of infection induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol. 2012;132(3):313–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das A, Ali N. Combining cationic liposomal delivery with MPL-TDM for cysteine protease cocktail vaccination against Leishmania donovani: evidence for antigen synergy and protection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(8):e3091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmann MF, Jennings GT. Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(11):787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstens MG, Camps MG, Henriksen-Lacey M, et al. Effect of vesicle size on tissue localization and immunogenicity of liposomal DNA vaccines. Vaccine. 2011;29(29–30):4761–4770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oussoren C, Zuidema J, Crommelin D, et al. Lymphatic uptake and biodistribution of liposomes after subcutaneous injection. II. Influence of liposomal size, lipid composition and lipid dose. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembr. 1997;1328(2):261–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLennan DN, Porter CJ, Charman SA. Subcutaneous drug delivery and the role of the lymphatics. Drug Discov Today. 2005;2(1):89–96.
   Google Scholar
• Badiee A, Khamesipour A, Samiei A, et al. The role of liposome size on the type of immune response induced in BALB/c mice against leishmaniasis: rgp63 as a model antigen. Exp Parasitol. 2012;132(4):403–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu Y, Yamakami K, Gomi T, et al. Protection against Leishmania major infection by oligomannose-coated liposomes. Bioorg Med Chem. 2003;11(7):1191–1195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskandari F, Talesh GA, Parooie M, et al. Immunoliposomes containing Soluble Leishmania Antigens (SLA) as a novel antigen delivery system in murine model of leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol. 2014;146:78–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badiee A, Jaafari MR, Samiei A, et al. Coencapsulation of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides with recombinant Leishmania major stress-inducible protein 1 in liposome enhances immune response and protection against leishmaniasis in immunized BALB/c mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15(4):668–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazumder S, Ravindran R, Banerjee A, et al. Non-coding pDNA bearing immunostimulatory sequences co-entrapped with leishmanial antigens in cationic liposomes elicits almost complete protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Vaccine. 2007;25(52):8771–8781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindran R, Maji M, Ali N. Vaccination with liposomal leishmanial antigens adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid–trehalose dicorynomycolate (MPL-TDM) confers long-term protection against visceral leishmaniasis through a human administrable route. Mol Pharm. 2011;9(1):59–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazumder S, Maji M, Ali N. Potentiating effects of MPL on DSPC bearing cationic liposomes promote recombinant GP63 vaccine efficacy: high immunogenicity and protection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(12):e1429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohrabi Y, Jaafari MR, Mohammadi A, et al. Evaluation of immune response against leishmaniasis in resistance C57 BL/6 mice immunized with liposomes containing autoclaved Leishmania major with BCG. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2005;10(Suppl 1):S98.
   Google Scholar
• Mehravaran A, Nasab MR, Mirahmadi H, et al. Protection induced by Leishmania major antigens and the imiquimod adjuvant encapsulated on liposomes in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infect Genet Evol. 2019;70:27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu C, Rhodes DG. Proniosomes: a novel drug carrier preparation. Int J Pharm. 1999;185(1):23–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maheshwari C, Pandey R, Chaurasiya A, et al. Non-ionic surfactant vesicles mediated transcutaneous immunization against hepatitis B. Int Immunopharmacol. 2011;11(10):1516–1522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LezamaDávila CM. Vaccination of C57BL/10 mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Use of purified gp63 encapsulated into niosomes surfactants vesicles: a novel approach. Memórias Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1999;94(1):67–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardakhty A, Shakibaie M, Daneshvar H, et al. Preparation and evaluation of niosomes containing autoclaved Leishmania major: a preliminary study. J Microencapsul. 2012;29(3):219–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doroud D, Zahedifard F, Vatanara A, et al. C-terminal domain deletion enhances the protective activity of cpa/cpb loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(7):e1236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholami E, Zahedifard F, Rafati S. Delivery systems for Leishmania vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016;15(7):879–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser C, Metcalfe IC, Viret J-F. Virosomal adjuvanted antigen delivery systems. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2003;2(2):189–196.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu X, Siegrist S, Amacker M, et al. Enhancement of the immunogenicity of synthetic carbohydrates by conjugation to virosomes: a leishmaniasis vaccine candidate. ACS Chem Biol. 2006;1(3):161–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou G, Ma Y, Jia P, et al. Enhancement of IL-10 bioactivity using an IL-10 peptide-based vaccine exacerbates Leishmania major infection and improves airway inflammation in mice. Vaccine. 2010;28(7):1838–1846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moura APV, Santos LC, Brito CRN, et al. Virus-like particle display of the α-Gal carbohydrate for vaccination against Leishmania infection. ACS Cent Sci. 2017;3(9):1026–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison AC. Squalene and squalane emulsions as adjuvants. Methods. 1999;19(1):87–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahiwala A, Amiji MM. Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune response with squalane oil-containing multiple emulsions upon intranasal and oral administration in mice. J Drug Target. 2008;16(4):302–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradoni L, Manzillo VF, Pagano A, et al. Failure of a multi-subunit recombinant leishmanial vaccine (MML) to protect dogs from Leishmania infantum infection and to prevent disease progression in infected animals. Vaccine. 2005;23(45):5245–5251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto M, Ramírez L, Pineda MA, et al. Searching genes encoding Leishmania antigens for diagnosis and protection. Scholar Res Exch. 2009;2009:1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Goto Y, Bogatzki LY, Bertholet S, et al. Protective immunization against visceral leishmaniasis using Leishmania sterol 24-c-methyltransferase formulated in adjuvant. Vaccine. 2007;25(42):7450–7458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto Y, Bhatia A, Raman VS, et al. Leishmania infantum sterol 24-c-methyltransferase formulated with MPL-SE induces cross-protection against L major infection. Vaccine. 2009;27(21):2884–2890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotta T, Fasanella A, Scaltrito D, et al. Comparison between three adjuvants for a vaccine against canine leishmaniasis: in vitro evaluation of macrophage killing ability. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;33(2):175–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coler RN, Duthie MS, Hofmeyer KA, et al. From mouse to man: safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate leishmaniasis vaccine LEISH‐F3+ GLA‐SE. Clin Transl Immunology. 2015;4(4):e35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daifalla NS, Bayih AG, Gedamu L. Immunogenicity of Leishmania donovani iron superoxide dismutase B1 and peroxidoxin 4 in BALB/c mice: the contribution of Toll-like receptor agonists as adjuvant. Exp Parasitol. 2011;129(3):292–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daifalla NS, Bayih AG, Gedamu L. Leishmania donovani recombinant iron superoxide dismutase B1 protein in the presence of TLR-based adjuvants induces partial protection of BALB/c mice against Leishmania major infection. Exp Parasitol. 2012;131(3):317–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes R, Teixeira C, Oliveira F, et al. KSAC, a defined Leishmania antigen, plus adjuvant protects against the virulence of L major transmitted by its natural vector Phlebotomus duboscqi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(4):e1610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Kariuki TM, et al. Montanide ISA 720 is more effective than BCG as an adjuvant for Leishmania killed vaccine in BALB/c mice. Int J Integ Biol. 2009;7:2.
   Google Scholar
• Mutiso JM, Macharia JC, Taracha E, et al. Leishmania donovani whole cell antigen delivered with adjuvants protects against visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). J Biomed Res. 2012;26(1):8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mehnert W, Mäder K. Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64:83–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidari-Kharaji M, Taheri T, Doroud D, et al. Solid lipid nanoparticle loaded with paromomycin: in vivo efficacy against Leishmania tropica infection in BALB/c mice model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;100(16):7051–7060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidari‐Kharaji M, Taheri T, Doroud D, et al. Enhanced paromomycin efficacy by solid lipid nanoparticle formulation against Leishmania in mice model. Parasite Immunol. 2016;38(10):599–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doroud D, Vatanara A, Zahedifard F, et al. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles loaded by cystein proteinase genes as a novel anti-leishmaniasis DNA vaccine delivery system: characterization and in vitro evaluations. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;13(3):320–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcato PD, Durán N. New aspects of nanopharmaceutical delivery systems. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2008;8(5):2216–2229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doroud D, Zahedifard F, Vatanara A, et al. Delivery of a cocktail DNA vaccine encoding cysteine proteinases type I, II and III with solid lipid nanoparticles potentiate protective immunity against Leishmania major infection. J Control Release. 2011;153(2):154–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doroud D, Zahedifard F, Vatanara A, et al. Cysteine proteinase type I, encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles induces substantial protection against Leishmania major infection in C57BL/6 mice. Parasite Immunol. 2011;33(6):335–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saljoughian N, Zahedifard F, Doroud D, et al. Cationic solid–lipid nanoparticles are as efficient as electroporation in DNA vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis in mice. Parasite Immunol. 2013;35(12):397–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahbazi M, Zahedifard F, Saljoughian N, et al. Immunological comparison of DNA vaccination using two delivery systems against canine leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol. 2015;212(3–4):130–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersten G, Hirschberg H. Antigen delivery systems. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004;3(4):453–462.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo M-S. Poly d, l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-encapsulated vaccine on immune system in Epinephelus bruneus against Uronema marinum. Exp Parasitol. 2012;131(3):325–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Miyoshi H, Nakamura M. Nanomedicine for drug delivery and imaging: a promising avenue for cancer therapy and diagnosis using targeted functional nanoparticles. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(12):2527–2537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Eskandari M, Kharazizadeh M, et al. Immunization against leishmaniasis by PLGA nanospheres loaded with an experimental autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and Quillaja saponins. Trop Biomed. 2010;27(3):639–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Khamesipour A, Jaafari MR. Immunization against leishmaniasis by PLGA nanospheres encapsulated with autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and CpG-ODN. Parasitol Res. 2011;108(5):1265–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athanasiou E, Agallou M, Tastsoglou S, et al. A poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanovaccine based on chimeric peptides from different Leishmania infantum proteins induces dendritic cells maturation and promotes peptide-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells essential for the protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Front Immunol. 2017;8:684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noormehr H, Hosseini AZ, Soudi S, et al. Enhancement of Th1 immune response against Leishmania cysteine peptidase A, B by PLGA nanoparticle. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;59:97–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos DM, Carneiro MW, de Moura TR, et al. Towards development of novel immunization strategies against leishmaniasis using PLGA nanoparticles loaded with kinetoplastid membrane protein-11. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:2115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Margaroni M, Agallou M, Athanasiou E, et al. Vaccination with poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with soluble Leishmania antigens and modified with a TNFα-mimicking peptide or monophosphoryl lipid A confers protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:6169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ospina-Villa JD, Gómez-Hoyos C, Zuluaga-Gallego R, et al. Encapsulation of proteins from Leishmania panamensis into PLGA particles by a single emulsion-solvent evaporation method. J Microbiol Methods. 2019;162:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer N, Jardim A, Lippert D, et al. Long-term protection of mice against Leishmania major with a synthetic peptide vaccine. Vaccine. 1999;17(11–12):1298–1300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rafati S, Kariminia A, Seyde-Eslami S, et al. Recombinant cysteine proteinases-based vaccines against Leishmania major in BALB/c mice: the partial protection relies on interferon gamma producing CD8+ T lymphocyte activation. Vaccine. 2002;20(19–20):2439–2447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadeh-Vakili A, Taheri T, Taslimi Y, et al. Immunization with the hybrid protein vaccine, consisting of Leishmania major cysteine proteinases Type I (CPB) and Type II (CPA), partially protects against leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 2004;22(15–16):1930–1940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danesh-Bahreini MA, Shokri J, Samiei A, et al. Nanovaccine for leishmaniasis: preparation of chitosan nanoparticles containing Leishmania superoxide dismutase and evaluation of its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojatizade M, Soleymani M, Tafaghodi M, et al. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with whole and soluble leishmania antigens, and evaluation of their immunogenicity in a mouse model of Leishmaniasis. Iran J Immunol. 2018;15(4):281–293.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kedzierski L. Leishmaniasis vaccine: where are we today? J Glob Infect Dis. 2010;2(2):177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Obaid KA, Ahmad S, Khan HM, et al. Protective effect of L donovani antigens using glucan as an adjuvant. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1989;11(3):229–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Tabassi SAS, Jaafari MR. Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses by intranasal administration of alginate microspheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid and CpG-ODN. Int J Pharm. 2006;319(1–2):37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Sajadi Tabasi SA, Payan M. Alginate microsphere as a delivery system and adjuvant for autoclaved Leishmania major and Quillaja saponin: preparation and characterization. Iran J Pharm Sci. 2007;3(2):61–68.
   Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Eskandari M, Khamesipour A, et al. Immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis by alginate microspheres loaded with autoclaved Leishmania Major (ALM) and Quillaja saponins. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016;15(2):573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Eskandari M, Khamesipour A, et al. Alginate microspheres encapsulated with autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) and CpG-ODN induced partial protection and enhanced immune response against murine model of leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol. 2011;129(2):107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou PJ, Cheng WF, Chung YC, et al. PMMA particle‐mediated DNA vaccine for cervical cancer. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;88(4):849–857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarrati S, Maleki F, Mahdavi M, et al. Humoral immune responses in DNA vaccine formulated with poly [methyl methacrylate] against Leishmania major. India J Entomol Zool Stud. 2014;2(5):201–206.
   Google Scholar
• Zarrati S, Mahdavi M, Tabatabaie F. Immune responses in DNA vaccine formulated with PMMA following immunization and after challenge with Leishmania major. J Parasitic Dis. 2016;40(2):427–435.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tabatabaie F, Samarghandi N, Zarrati S, et al. Induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines formulated with Dendrimer and Poly (Methyl Methacrylate)(PMMA) Nano-Adjuvants in BALB/c mice infected with leishmania major. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(2):229.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nordly P, Madsen HB, Nielsen HM, et al. Status and future prospects of lipid-based particulate delivery systems as vaccine adjuvants and their combination with immunostimulators. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009;6(7):657–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjölander A, Van’t Land B, Bengtsson KL. Iscoms containing purifiedQuillajasaponins upregulate both Th1-like and Th2-like immune responses. Cell Immunol. 1997;177(1):69–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saroja C, Lakshmi P, Bhaskaran S. Recent trends in vaccine delivery systems: a review. Int J Pharm Invest. 2011;1(2):64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McBurney WT, Lendemans DG, Myschik J, et al. In vivo activity of cationic immune stimulating complexes (PLUSCOMs). Vaccine. 2008;26(35):4549–4556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjölander A, Baldwin TM, Curtis JM, et al. Induction of a Th1 immune response and simultaneous lack of activation of a Th2 response are required for generation of immunity to leishmaniasis. J Immunol. 1998;160(8):3949–3957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjölander A, Baldwin TM, Curtis JM, et al. Vaccination with recombinant Parasite Surface Antigen 2 from Leishmania major induces a Th1 type of immune response but does not protect against infection. Vaccine. 1998;16(20):2077–2084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papadopoulou G, Karagouni E, Dotsika E. ISCOMs vaccine against experimental leishmaniasis. Vaccine. 1998;16(9–10):885–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehravaran A, Jaafari MR, Jalali SA, et al. The role of surface charge of ISCOMATRIX nanoparticles on the type of immune response generated against Leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Nanomed J. 2015;2(4):249–260.
   Google Scholar
• Mehravaran A, Jaafari MR, Jalali SA, et al. The role of ISCOMATRIX bilayer composition to induce a cell mediated immunity and protection against leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016;19(2):178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar