Unpacking drug trafficking phenomenon through seaports: lessons from the Italian ports

References

• Antonelli, M. (2020). I sistemi portuali e gli spazi della criminalità organizzata. In E. Dundovich (Eds.), Partecipazione, conflitti e sicurezza (pp. 17–28). Pisa University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Antonelli, M. (2021a). Criminalità Organizzata e Corruzione Nel Sistema Portuale Italiano. Analisi e Rappresentazioni Secondo La Prospettiva Della Commissione Parlamentare Antimafia. Lab’s Quarterly, 1(XXIII), 73–95.
   Google Scholar
• Antonelli, M. (2021b). An exploration of organized crime in Italian Ports from an institutional perspective. Presence and Activities Trends in Organized Crime, 24(2), 152–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-020-09400-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonelli, M. (2022). E il trafficar m’è dolce in questo mar… ligure. La criminalità organizzata nel sistema portuale: interessi, dinamiche e attor. In M. Antonelli, & S. Busi (Eds.), Punto e a capo: storia ed evoluzione di mafia e antimafia in Liguria (pp. 125–148). Genova University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baştuğ, S., Haralambides, H., Esmer, S., & Eminoğlu, E. (2022). Port competitiveness: Do container terminal operators and Liner shipping companies see eye to eye? Marine Policy, 135 (January 1), 104866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104866
   Google Scholar
• Bisschop, L., Staring, R., Roks, R., & Goudsblom, G. (2023). Public-private cooperation in the approach to drug crime in the port of Rotterdam. The case of the Information Sharing Center Port Safety and Security. In Y. Eski & M. Wright (Eds.), Maritime Crime & Policing (pp. 215–234). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brewer, R. (2014).policing the waterfront: networks, partnerships, and the governance of port security. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, M. R., & Cullinane, K. (2007). Devolution, port governance and port performance. Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Calderoni, F. (2012). The structure of drug trafficking mafias: The ‘ndrangheta and cocaine. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(3), 321–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-012-9387-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIMCON. (2022). Modalidades del narcotráfico marítimo (2nd ed.). Técnicas y métodos.
   Google Scholar
• Dinchel, E.-K., & Easton, M. (2020). Going with the flow: Comparative research on transnational port security. In S. Hufnagel & A. Moiseienko (Eds.), Policing transnational crime: Law enforcement of criminal flows (pp. 29–47). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Easton, M. (2020). Policing flows of drug in the harbor of antwerp: A nodal-network analysis. In C. Sys & T. Vanelslander (Eds.), Maritime supply chains (pp. 115–134). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• EMCDDA. (2023). European drug report 2023: Trends and developments. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/european-drug-report/2023_en
   Google Scholar
• Eski, Y. (2011). “Port of Call”: Towards a criminology of port security. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 11(5), 415–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895811414593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eski, Y. (2016). Policing, port security and crime control: An ethnography of the port Security scape/Yarin Eski. In Routledge Studies in Crime and Society 21. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315637174/policing-port-security-crime-control-yarin-eski
   Google Scholar
• Eski, Y. (2020). Customer is king: Promoting port policing, supporting hyper commercialism. Policing & Society, 30(2), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1606808
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eski, Y., & Buijt, R. (2017). Dockers in drugs: Policing the illegal drug trade and port employee corruption in the port of Rotterdam. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 11(4), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paw044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eski, Y., & Carpenter, A. (2013). Policing in EU seaports: Impact of the ISPS code on port security post 9/11. In M. O’Neill, K. Swinton, & A. Winter (Eds.), New Challenges for the EU Internal Security Strategy (pp. 71–93). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• EUROPOL. (2023). Criminal networks in EU Ports: Risks and challenges for law enforcement focus on the misappropriation of container reference codes in the ports of Antwerp, Hamburg, and Rotterdam. Joint report of Europol and the security steering committee of the ports of Antwerp, Hamburg/Bremerhaven, and Rotterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, G. (1998). Routine activities and drug trafficking: The case of the Netherlands. International Journal of Drug Policy, 9(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-3959(97)00002-9
   Google Scholar
• Gallien, M., & Weigand, F. (2021). Channelling contraband: How states shape international smuggling routes. Security Studies, 30(1), 79–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2021.1885728
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giommoni, L., Berlusconi, G., & Aziani, A. (2022). Interdicting international drug trafficking: A network approach for coordinated and targeted interventions. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 28(4), 545–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-020-09473-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, C. E., Chalmers, J., & Bright, D. A. (2020, January 2). Exploring interrelationships between high-level drug trafficking and other serious and organised crime: An Australianstudy. Global Crime, 21(1), 28–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1615895
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs, J. B. (2006). Mobsters, unions, and feds: The Mafia and the American labor movement. New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kleemans, E. R. (2007). Organized crime, transit crime, and racketeering. Crime and Justice, 35(1), 163–215. https://doi.org/10.1086/501509
   Google Scholar
• Kleemans, E. R. (2018). Organized crime and places. In G. J. N. Bruinsma (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of environmental criminology (pp. 868–882). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kostakos, P. A., & Antonopoulos, G. A. (2010, February 8). The “Good”, the “Bad” and the “Charlie”: The business of cocaine smuggling in Greece. Global Crime, 11(1), 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570903475717
   Google Scholar
• Lantsman, L. (2017). Seaport vulnerability to criminal networks: A mixed method approach to measuring criminological vulnerability in the Top 30. U.S. Container Ports. CUNY Academic Works.
   Google Scholar
• Lavorgna, A., & Sergi, A. (2014). Types of organised crime in Italy. The multifaceted spectrum of Italian criminal associations and their different attitudes in the financial crisis and in the use of Internet technologies. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 42(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2013.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notteboom, T., & Yim Yap, W. (2012). Port competition and competitiveness. In W. Talley (Ed.), The blackwell companion to maritime economics (pp. 549–570). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Roks, R., Bisschop, L., & Staring, R. (2021, June 1). Getting a foot in the door. spaces of cocaine trafficking in the port of rotterdam. Trends in Organized Crime, 24(2), 171–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-020-09394-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampó, C., & Troncoso, V. (2022, January 4). Cocaine trafficking from non-traditional ports: Examining the cases of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Trends in Organized Crime, 26(3), 235–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-021-09441-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scaturro, R., & Kemp, W. (2022). Portholes. Exploring the maritime balcan routes. Global initiative against transnational organized crime. Research Report. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/GITOC-SEE-Obs-Portholes-Exploring-the-maritime-Balkan-routes.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sciarrone, R. (2009). Mafie vecchie, mafie nuove radicamento ed espansione. Donzelli.
   Google Scholar
• Sergi, A. (2021). Policing the port, watching the city. Manifestations of organised crime in the port of Genoa. Policing and Society, 31(6), 639–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1758103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergi, A. (2022). Playing Pac-Man in Portville: Policing the dilution and fragmentation of drug importations through major seaports. European Journal of Criminology, 19(4), 674–691. https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708209134654
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergi, A. (2023). Cocaine and the port: Utopias of security, urban relations, and displacement of policing efforts in the port of Piraeus. European Journal of Criminology, https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708231182782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sergi, A., Reid, A., Storti, L., & Easton, M. (2021). Ports, crime and security governing and policing seaports in a changing world. Bristol University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sergi, A., & Storti, L. (2020, August 2). Survive or perish: Organised crime in the port of montreal and the port of New York/New Jersey. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 63, 100424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2020.100424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staring, R., Bisschop, L., Roks, R., Brein, E., & van de Bunt, H. (2023). Drug crime and the port of Rotterdam: About the phenomenon and its approach. In H. Nelen & D. Siegel (Eds.), Organized crime in the 21st century: Motivations, opportunities and constraints (pp. 43–62). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21576-6.
   Google Scholar
• UNODC. (2023). World Drug Report 2023. Special point of interest. United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime.
   Google Scholar
• UNODC, and EUROPOL. (2021). The illicit trade of cocaine from Latin America to Europe: From oligopolies to free-for-all? Cocaine Insights 1. UNODC.
   Google Scholar
• Van de Bunt, H. G., Siegel, D., & Zaitch, D. (2014). The social embeddedness of organized crime. In L. Paoli (Ed.), Oxford handbook of organized crime (pp. 321–340). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weigend, G. G. (1956, January 1). The problem of hinterland and foreland as illustrated by the port of Hamburg. Economic Geography, 32(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/141926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaitch, D. (2002). From cali to Rotterdam: Perceptions of Colombian cocaine traffickers on the Dutch port. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38(3), 239–266. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020691532717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar