1,089
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Therapeutic targeting of Toll-like receptors: a review of Toll-like receptors and their signaling pathways in psoriasis

&
Pages 1289-1298 | Received 19 Nov 2015, Accepted 17 Jun 2016, Published online: 04 Jul 2016

References

  • Kawai T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity. 2011;34(5):637–650.
  • Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(5):373–384.
  • Massot B, Michel ML, Diem S, et al. TLR-induced cytokines promote effective proinflammatory natural Th17 cell responses. J Immunol. 2014;192(12):5635–5642.
  • Wohn C, Ober-Blobaum JL, Haak S, et al. Langerin(neg) conventional dendritic cells produce IL-23 to drive psoriatic plaque formation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(26):10723–10728.
  • Tortola L, Rosenwald E, Abel B, et al. Psoriasiform dermatitis is driven by IL-36-mediated DC-keratinocyte crosstalk. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(11):3965–3976.
  • Aryan Z, Holgate ST, Radzioch D, et al. A new era of targeting the ancient gatekeepers of the immune system: toll-like agonists in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2014;164(1):46–63.
  • Aryan Z, Rezaei N. Toll-like receptors as targets for allergen immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;15(6):568–574.
  • Gooshe M, Abdolghaffari AH, Gambuzza ME, et al. The role of Toll-like receptors in multiple sclerosis and possible targeting for therapeutic purposes. Rev Neurosci. 2014;25(5):713–739.
  • Gooshe M, Aleyasin AR, Abdolghaffari AH, et al. Toll like receptors: a new hope on the horizon to treat multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2014;10(10):1277–1279.
  • Harsini S, Beigy M, Akhavan-Sabbagh M, et al. Toll-like receptors in lymphoid malignancies: double-edged sword. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2014;89(2):262–283.
  • Hedayat M, Netea MG, Rezaei N. Targeting of Toll-like receptors: a decade of progress in combating infectious diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(9):702–712.
  • Hedayat M, Takeda K, Rezaei N. Prophylactic and therapeutic implications of toll-like receptor ligands. Med Res Rev. 2012;32(2):294–325.
  • Rezaei N. Therapeutic targeting of pattern-recognition receptors. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(6):863–869.
  • Matin N, Tabatabaie O, Mohammadinejad P, et al. Therapeutic targeting of Toll-like receptors in cutaneous disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2015;19(12):1651–1663.
  • Zhou J, Wu R, High AA, et al. A20-binding inhibitor of NF-kappaB (ABIN1) controls Toll-like receptor-mediated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta activation and protects from inflammatory disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(44):E998E1006.
  • Takeuchi O, Akira S. Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell. 2010;140(6):805–820.
  • Nair RP, Duffin KC, Helms C, et al. Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways. Nat Genet. 2009;41(2):199–204.
  • Ramirez VP, Gurevich I, Aneskievich BJ. Emerging roles for TNIP1 in regulating post-receptor signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2012;23(3):109–118.
  • Marcinkowska E, Garay E, Gocek E, et al. Regulation of C/EBPbeta isoforms by MAPK pathways in HL60 cells induced to differentiate by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exp Cell Res. 2006;312(11):2054–2065.
  • Callahan JA, Hammer GE, Agelides A, et al. Cutting edge: ABIN-1 protects against psoriasis by restricting MyD88 signals in dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2013;191(2):535–539.
  • Curry JL, Qin JZ, Bonish B, et al. Innate immune-related receptors in normal and psoriatic skin. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127(2):178–186.
  • Kondelkova K, Krejsek J, Borska L, et al. Membrane and soluble Toll-like receptor 2 in patients with psoriasis treated by Goeckerman therapy. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(11):e512–e517.
  • Panzer R, Blobel C, Folster-Holst R, et al. TLR2 and TLR4 expression in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis. Exp Dermatol. 2014;23(5):364–366.
  • Chen L, Guo S, Ranzer MJ, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 has an essential role in early skin wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(1):258–267.
  • Ariza ME, Williams MV. A human endogenous retrovirus K dUTPase triggers a TH1, TH17 cytokine response: does it have a role in psoriasis? J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(12):2419–2427.
  • Davison SC, Allen MH, Mallon E, et al. Contrasting patterns of streptococcal superantigen-induced T-cell proliferation in guttate vs. chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145(2):245–251.
  • Prinz JC. The role of streptococci in psoriasis. Hautarzt. 2009;60(2):109–115. German.
  • Fry L, Baker BS, Powles AV, et al. Is chronic plaque psoriasis triggered by microbiota in the skin? Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(1):47–52.
  • Aalaei-andabili SH, Rezaei N. Toll like receptor (TLR)-induced differential expression of microRNAs (MiRs) promotes proper immune response against infections: a systematic review. J Infect. 2013;67(4):251–264.
  • Ohashi K, Burkart V, Flohe S, et al. Cutting edge: heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex. J Immunol. 2000;164(2):558–561.
  • Sajjadi AY, Mitra K, Grace M. Expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 47 in tissues following short-pulse laser irradiation: assessment of thermal damage and healing. Med Eng Phys. 2013;35(10):1406–1414.
  • Aoki S, Yaoita H, Kitajima Y. An elevated level of autoantibodies against 48- to 50-kd keratins in the serum of patients with psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 1989;92(2):179–183.
  • Wu C, Luan Q, Li C, et al. Effects of antikeratin 16 antibodies on the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in keratinocytes. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34(2):236–239.
  • Lebre MC, Van Der Aar AM, Van Baarsen L, et al. Human keratinocytes express functional Toll-like receptor 3, 4, 5, and 9. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(2):331–341.
  • Schauber J, Dombrowski Y, Besch R. Pathogenic DNA: cytosolic DNA promotes inflammation in psoriasis. Cell Cycle. 2011;10(18):3038–3039.
  • Morizane S, Yamasaki K, Muhleisen B, et al. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in psoriasis enables keratinocyte reactivity against TLR9 ligands. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(1):135–143.
  • Yasuda K, Richez C, Uccellini MB, et al. Requirement for DNA CpG content in TLR9-dependent dendritic cell activation induced by DNA-containing immune complexes. J Immunol. 2009;183(5):3109–3117.
  • Bessis D, Moles JP, Basset-Seguin N, et al. Differential expression of a human endogenous retrovirus E transmembrane envelope glycoprotein in normal, psoriatic and atopic dermatitis human skin. Br J Dermatol. 2004;151(4):737–745.
  • Moles JP, Tesniere A, Guilhou JJ. A new endogenous retroviral sequence is expressed in skin of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2005;153(1):83–89.
  • Lai OY, Chen H, Michaud HA, et al. Protective effect of human endogenous retrovirus K dUTPase variants on psoriasis susceptibility. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(7):1833–1840.
  • Gilliet M, Conrad C, Geiges M, et al. Psoriasis triggered by toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in the presence of dermal plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140(12):1490–1495.
  • Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, et al. Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. Science. 2004;303(5663):1529–1531.
  • Peyssonnaux C, Boutin AT, Zinkernagel AS, et al. Critical role of HIF-1alpha in keratinocyte defense against bacterial infection. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128(8):1964–1968.
  • Ganguly D, Chamilos G, Lande R, et al. Self-RNA-antimicrobial peptide complexes activate human dendritic cells through TLR7 and TLR8. J Exp Med. 2009;206(9):1983–1994.
  • Lande R, Chamilos G, Ganguly D, et al. Cationic antimicrobial peptides in psoriatic skin cooperate to break innate tolerance to self-DNA. Eur J Immunol. 2015;45(1):203–213.
  • Lande R, Gregorio J, Facchinetti V, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide. Nature. 2007;449(7162):564–569.
  • Hornung V, Ablasser A, Charrel-Dennis M, et al. AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC. Nature. 2009;458(7237):514–518.
  • Balato A, Schiattarella M, Lembo S, et al. Interleukin-1 family members are enhanced in psoriasis and suppressed by vitamin D and retinoic acid. Arch Dermatol Res. 2013;305(3):255–262.
  • Park B, Buti L, Lee S, et al. Granulin is a soluble cofactor for toll-like receptor 9 signaling. Immunity. 2011;34(4):505–513.
  • Haas T, Metzger J, Schmitz F, et al. The DNA sugar backbone 2ʹ deoxyribose determines toll-like receptor 9 activation. Immunity. 2008;28(3):315–323.
  • Wagner H. The sweetness of the DNA backbone drives Toll-like receptor 9. Curr Opin Immunol. 2008;20(4):396–400.
  • Yan W, Chen W, Huang L. Mechanism of adjuvant activity of cationic liposome: phosphorylation of a MAP kinase, ERK and induction of chemokines. Mol Immunol. 2007;44(15):3672–3681.
  • Prignano G, Ferraro C, Mussi A, et al. Prevalence of human papilloma virus type 5 DNA in lesional and non-lesional skin scales of Italian plaque-type psoriatic patients: association with disease severity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(1):47–51.
  • Wine-Lee L, Keller SC, Wilck MB, et al. From the medical board of the national psoriasis foundation: vaccination in adult patients on systemic therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6):1003–1013.
  • Flutter B, Nestle FO. TLRs to cytokines: mechanistic insights from the imiquimod mouse model of psoriasis. Eur J Immunol. 2013;43(12):3138–3146.
  • Carrier Y, Ma HL, Ramon HE, et al. Inter-regulation of Th17 cytokines and the IL-36 cytokines in vitro and in vivo: implications in psoriasis pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(12):2428–2437.
  • Szabowski A, Maas-Szabowski N, Andrecht S, et al. c-Jun and JunB antagonistically control cytokine-regulated mesenchymal-epidermal interaction in skin. Cell. 2000;103(5):745–755.
  • Johnston A, Xing X, Guzman AM, et al. IL-1F5, -F6, -F8, and -F9: a novel IL-1 family signaling system that is active in psoriasis and promotes keratinocyte antimicrobial peptide expression. J Immunol. 2011;186(4):2613–2622.
  • Muhr P, Zeitvogel J, Heitland I, et al. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1 family members upon stimulation with IL-17 differs in keratinocytes derived from patients with psoriasis and healthy donors. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165(1):189–193.
  • Cai Y, Shen X, Ding C, et al. Pivotal role of dermal IL-17-producing gammadelta T cells in skin inflammation. Immunity. 2011;35(4):596–610.
  • Krueger JG. Hiding under the skin: a welcome surprise in psoriasis. Nat Med. 2012;18(12):1750–1751.
  • Pantelyushin S, Haak S, Ingold B, et al. Rorgammat+ innate lymphocytes and gammadelta T cells initiate psoriasiform plaque formation in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(6):2252–2256.
  • Van Der Fits L, Mourits S, Voerman JS, et al. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice is mediated via the IL-23/IL-17 axis. J Immunol. 2009;182(9):5836–5845.
  • Ramirez-Carrozzi V, Sambandam A, Luis E, et al. IL-17C regulates the innate immune function of epithelial cells in an autocrine manner. Nat Immunol. 2011;12(12):1159–1166.
  • Alonso MN, Wong MT, Zhang AL, et al. T(H)1, T(H)2, and T(H)17 cells instruct monocytes to differentiate into specialized dendritic cell subsets. Blood. 2011;118(12):3311–3320.
  • Monden M, Koyama H, Otsuka Y, et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end products regulates adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin sensitivity in mice: involvement of Toll-like receptor 2. Diabetes. 2013;62(2):478–489.
  • Suarez-Farinas M, Arbeit R, Jiang W, et al. Suppression of molecular inflammatory pathways by Toll-like receptor 7, 8, and 9 antagonists in a model of IL-23-induced skin inflammation. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e84634.
  • Suarez-Farinas M, Belasco J, Sullivan T, et al., editors. Treatment of psoriasis patients with IMO-3100 shows improvement in gene expression patterns of meta-analysis derived-3 transcriptome and IL-17 pathway. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell; 2013.
  • Zhu F-G, Jiang W, Dong Y, et al. IMO-8400, a novel TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 antagonist, inhibits disease development in lupus-prone NZBW/F1 mice. J Immunol. 2012;188(Meeting Abstracts 1):119.112.
  • Brenner L, Arbeit RD, Sullivan T. IMO-8400, an antagonist of toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9, in development for genetically defined B-cell lymphomas: safety and activity in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials. Blood. 2014;124(21):3101–3101.
  • Balak D, Doorn M, Rissmann R, et al. editors. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monotherapy trial of IMO-8400 demonstrate clinical proof-of-concept for Toll-like receptor 7. 8 and 9 antagonism in psoriasis (poster). 73rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology; 1805.
  • Spadaro A, Montepaone M, Lubrano E. A novel biological target for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Immunotherapy. 2014;6(5):515–518.
  • Brod SA. Ingested (oral) anti-IL-12/23 inhibits EAE. J Neurol Sci. 2016;361:19–25.
  • Antoniu SA. Discontinued drugs 2011: pulmonary, allergy, gastrointestinal and arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012;21(11):1607–1618.
  • Farahnik B, Beroukhim K, Nakamura M, et al. Anti-IL-17 agents for psoriasis: a review of phase III data. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(3):311–316.
  • Lubrano E, Perrotta FM. Beyond TNF inhibitors: new pathways and emerging treatments for psoriatic arthritis. Drugs. 2016;76:663–673.
  • Laurence A, Pesu M, Silvennoinen O, et al. JAK kinases in health and disease: an update. Open Rheumatol J. 2012;6:232–244.
  • Minegishi Y, Saito M, Morio T, et al. Human tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency reveals its requisite roles in multiple cytokine signals involved in innate and acquired immunity. Immunity. 2006;25(5):745–755.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.