Managing complications secondary to Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

References

• Swerdlow SH, Cook JR, Sohani AR, et al. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Int Agency Res Cancer. 2017;232–235.
   Google Scholar
• Teras LR, DeSantis CE, Cerhan JR, et al. US lymphoid malignancy statistics by world health organization subtypes. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(6):443–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastritis E, Kyrtsonis MC, Morel P, et al. Competing risk survival analysis in patients with symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia: the impact of disease unrelated mortality and of rituximab based primary therapy. Haematologica. 2015;100:e446–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMaster ML. Familial Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:146–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Hunter ZR, Aggarwal A, et al. Characterization of familial Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:488–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristinsson SY, Bjorkholm M, Goldin LR, et al. Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders among first-degree relatives of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients: a population-based study in Sweden. Blood. 2008;112:3052–3056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morel P, Duhamel A, Gobbi P, et al. International prognostic scoring system for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2009;113:4163–4170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhodapkar MV, Hoering A, Gertz MA, et al. Long-term survival in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: 10-year followup of southwest oncology group-directed intergroup trial S9003. Blood. 2009;113:793–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen RG, Treon SP, Al-Katib A, et al. Clinicopathological definition of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: consensus panel recommendations from the second international workshop on Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:110–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. Geneva: WHO Press; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Bustoros M, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Kapoor P, et al. Progression risk stratification of asymptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:1403–1411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Benson JT, Larson DR, et al. Progression in smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia: long-term results. Blood. 2012;119:4462–4466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen-Khac F, Lambert J, Chapiro E, et al. Chromosomal aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 174 untreated patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Haematologica. 2013;98:649–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulain S, Roumier C, Bertrand E, et al. TP53 mutation and its prognostic significance in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:6325–6335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Xu L, Yang G, et al. MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:826–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner SD, Martinelli V, Luzzatto L. Similar patterns of Vk gene usage but different degrees of somatic mutation in hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia and myeloma. Blood. 1994;83:3647–3653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki H, Takishita M, Kosaka M, et al. Frequent somatic mutation in D and/or JH segments of Ig gene in Waldenström’s macroglobinemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with Richter’s syndrome but not in common CLL. Blood. 1995;85:1913–1919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty R, Novak AJ, Ansell SM, et al. First report of MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in IgM-associated light-chain amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2017;24(sup1):42–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Xu L, Hunter Z. MYD88 mutations and response to ibrutinib in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:584–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagratuni T, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Gavriatopoulou M, et al. Detection of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations in cell-free DNA of patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathies. Leukemia. 2018;32:2617–2625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varettoni M, Zibellini S, Defrancesco I, et al. Pattern of somatic mutations in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia or IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Haematologica. 2017;102:2077–2085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Xu L, Gustine JN, et al. CXCR4 mutation subtypes impact response and survival outcomes in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia treated with ibrutinib. Br J Haematol. 2019 Nov;187(3):356–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the international lymphoma study group. Blood. 1994;84:1361–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Anagnostopoulos A. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005;18:747–765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Gustine J, Meid K, et al. Ibrutinib monotherapy in symptomatic, treatment-naïve patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. J clin oncol. 2018;27(36):2755–2761.
   Google Scholar
• Ueda M, Berger M, Gale RP, et al. Immunoglobulin therapy in hematologic neoplasms and after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Rev. 2018 Mar;32(2):106–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter ZR, Manning RJ, Hanzis C, et al. IgA and IgG hypogammaglobulinemia in Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia. Haematologica. 2010;95:470–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson J, Hogevik H, Andersson K, et al. Pneumococcal vaccine responses in elderly patients with multiple myeloma, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Trials Vaccinol. 2013;2:31–38.
   Google Scholar
• Bing J, Neel A. Two cases of hyperglobulinaemia with affection of the central nervous system on a toxi-infectious basis. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 1936;5-6(88):492–506.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, D’Sa S, Lunn MP, et al. Central nervous system involvement by Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (Bing-Neel syndrome): a multi-institutional retrospective study. Br J Haematol. 2016;172:709–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Sa S, Kersten MJ, Castillo JJ, et al. Investigation and management of IgM and Waldenström-associated peripheral neuropathies: recommendations from the IWWM-8 consensus panel. Br J Haematol. 2017;176:728–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minnema MC, Kimby E, D’Sa S, et al. Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment and response criteria for Bing-Neel syndrome. Haematologica. 2017;102:43–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustine JN, Meid K, Dubeau T, et al. Serum IgM level as predictor of symptomatic hyperviscosity in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Br J Haematol. 2017;177:717–725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varettoni M, Defrancesco I, Diamanti L, et al. Bing-Neel syndrome: illustrative cases and comprehensive review of the literature. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2017;9:e2017061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason C, Savona S, Rini JN, et al. Ibrutinib penetrates the blood brain barrier and shows efficacy in the therapy of Bing Neel syndrome. Br J Haematol. 2017;179(2):339–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavriatopoulou M, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Moulopoulos LA, et al. Treatment of Bing–Neel syndrome with first line sequential chemoimmunotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(44):e17794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abeykoon JP, Zanwar S, Ansell SM, et al. Predictors of symptomatic hyperviscosity in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia. Am J Hematol. 2018;93:1384–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Hyperviscosity syndrome. J Intensive Care Med. 1995;10:128–141.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rajagopal R, Apte RS. Seeing through thick and through thin: retinal manifestations of thrombophilic and hyperviscosity syndromes. SurvOphthalmol. 2016;61:236–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz MA. Acute hyperviscosity: syndromes and management. Blood. 2018;132:1379–1385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachowski G, Brunker PAR, Eder PAR, et al. Blood component modification. A compendium of transfusion practice guidelines. American Red Cross (2017).
   Google Scholar
• Ballestri M, Ferrari F, Magistroni R, et al. Plasma exchange in acute and chronic hyperviscosity syndrome: a rheological approach and guidelines study. Annalidell’ Istituto Superiore Di Sanita. 2007;43:171–175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalayoglu-Besisik S. The use of emergency apheresis in the management of plasma cell disorders. Transfus Apher Sci. 2018;57(1):35–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Tedeschi A, Trotman J, et al. Phase 3 trial of ibrutinib plus rituximab in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:2399–2410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavriatopoulou M, Garcia-Sanz R, Kastritis E, et al. BDR in newly diagnosed patients with WM: final analysis of a phase 2 study after a minimum follow-up of 6 years. Blood. 2017;129:456–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rummel MJ, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, et al. Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 non inferiority trial. Lancet. 2013;381:1203–1210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Gustine J, Meid K, et al. Bendamustine and Bortezomib containing regimens produce higher response rates and more durable responses versus cyclophosphamide-based therapy in frontline Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2017;130:1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, et al. Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:211–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goveric PD, Kassad HJ, Levo Y, et al. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: clinical aspects and long-term follow up of 40 patients. Am J Med. 1980;69:287–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muchtar E, Magen H, Gertz MA. How I treat cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2017;129(3):289–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harel S, Mohr M, Jahn I, et al. Clinico-biological characteristics and treatment of type I monoclonal cryoglobulinaemia: a study of 64 cases. Br J Haematol. 2015;168(5):671–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berentsen S. How I treat cold agglutinin disease. Blood. 2021;137(10):1295–1303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Garcia-Sanz R, Gavriatopoulou M, et al. Primary therapy of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) with weekly bortezomib, low-dose dexamethasone, and rituximab (BDR): long-term results of a phase 2 study of the European Myeloma Network (EMN). Blood. 2013;122:3276–3282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi G, Gramegna D, Paoloni F, et al. Short course of bortezomib in anemic patients with relapsed cold agglutinin disease: a phase 2 prospective GIMEMA study. Blood. 2018;132:547–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hivert B, Caron C, Petit S, et al. Clinical and prognostic implications of low or high level of von Willebrand factor in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2012;120:3214–3221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olszewski AJ, Treon SP, Castillo JJ. Evolution of management and outcomes in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a population based analysis. Oncologist. 2016 Nov;21(11):1377–1386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine T, Pestronk A, Florence J, et al. Peripheral neuropathies in Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:224–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canepa C. Waldenström-associated anti-MAG paraprotein polyneuropathy with neurogenic tremor. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(3):e228376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D’Sa S, Kersten MJ, Castillo JJ, et al. Investigation and management of IgM and Waldenström-associated peripheral neuropathies: recommendations from the IWWM-8 consensus panel. Br J Haematol. 2017;176:728–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loscher WN, Woertz A, Wallnofer M, et al. Successful treatment of CANOMAD with IVIg and rituximab. J Neurol. 2013;260:1168–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuwabara S, Misawa S. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1190:333–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropper AH, Gorson KC. Neuropathies associated with paraproteinemia. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1601–1607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renaud S, Gregor M, Fuhr P, et al. Rituximab in the treatment of polyneuropathy associated with anti-MAG antibodies. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27(5):611–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renaud S, Fuhr P, Gregor M, et al. High-dose rituximab and anti-MAG-associated polyneuropathy. Neurology. 2006;66(5):742–744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti L, Zardini E, Briani C, et al. B-cell-activating factor in rituximab-treated patients with anti-MAG polyneuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82(11):1291–1294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zara G, Zambello R, Ermani M. Neurophysiological and clinical responses to rituximab in patients with anti-MAG polyneuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(12):2518–2522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hospital MA, Viala K, Dragomir S, et al. Immunotherapy based regimen in anti-MAG neuropathy: results in 45 patients. Haematologica. 2013;98:e155–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broglio L, Lauria G. Worsening after rituximab treatment in anti-mag neuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 2005;32(3):378–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gironi M, Saresella M, Ceresa L, et al. Clinical and immunological worsening in a patient affected with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and anti-mag neuropathy after treatment with rituximab. Haematologica. 2006;91(6Suppl):ECR17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stork A, Notermans N, Vrancken A, et al. Rapid worsening of IgM anti-MAG demyelinating polyneuropathy during rituximab treatment. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2013;18(2):189–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala E, Robert-Varvat F, Paul S, et al. Acute neurological worsening after Rituximab treatment in patients with anti-MAG neuropathy. J Neurol Sci. 2014;345(1–2):224–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss MD, Becker P. Paradoxical worsening of anti–myelin-associated glycoprotein polyneuropathy following rituximab. Muscle Nerve. 2014;49(3):457–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalakas MC, Rakocevic G, Salajegheh M, et al. Placebo controlled trial of rituximab in IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibody demyelinating neuropathy. Ann Neurol. 2009;65:286–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leger JM, Viala K, Nicolas G, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of rituximab in IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy. Neurology. 2013;80:2217–2225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Tripsas CK, Meid K, et al. Ibrutinib in previously treated Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1430–1440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH, Cid MC, et al. The cryoglobulinaemias. Lancet. 2012;379(9813):348–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidana S, Larson DP, Greipp PT, et al. IgM AL amyloidosis: delineating disease biology and outcomes with clinical, genomic and bone marrow morphological features. Leukemia. 2020;34(5):1373–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachchithanantham S, Roussel M, Palladini G, et al. European collaborative study defining clinical profile outcomes and novel prognostic criteria in monoclonal immunoglobulin M-related light chain amyloidosis. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2037–2045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pika T, Hegenbart U, Flodrova P, et al. First report of ibrutinib in IgM-related amyloidosis: few responses, poor tolerability, and short survival. Blood. 2018;131:368–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidiqi MH, Buadi FK, Dispenzieri A, et al. Autologous stem cell transplant for IgM-associated amyloid light-chain amyloidosis. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25:e108–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdallah-Lotf M, Bourgeois-Droin C, Perronne V, et al. Cutaneous manifestations as initial presentation of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Eur J Dermatol. 2003;13:90–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittaker SJ, Bhogla BS, Black MM. Acquired immunobullous disease: a cutaneous manifestation of IgM macroglobulinemia. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135:283–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzler L, Schubert B, Boasson M, et al. Urticaire chronique, lesions osseuses, macroglobulinemie IgM: maladie de Waldenström. Bull Soc Fr Derm Syph. 1974;81:363.
   Google Scholar
• Tait RC, Oagarah PK, Houghton JB, et al. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia secreting a paraprotein with lupus anticoagulant activity: possible association with gastrointestinal tract disease and malabsorption. Clin Pathol. 1993;46:678–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raush PG, Herion JC. Pulmonary manifestations of Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia. Am J Hematol. 1980;9:201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartáková H, Novák J, Jakša R, et al. Endobronchial involvement as an extremely rare manifestation of the Waldenström’s disease. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(2):816–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyrtsonis MC, Vassilakopoulos TP, Angelopoulou MK, et al. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: clinical course and prognostic factors in 60 patients. Ann Hematol. 2001;80:722–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos T, Machado S, Sousa V, et al. Cast nephropathy: an extremely rare renal presentation of Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015:bcr2015211210.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vos JM, Gustine J, Rennke HG, et al. Renal disease related to Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia: incidence, pathology and clinical outcomes. Br J Haematol. 2016 Nov;175(4):623–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uppal NN, Monga D, Vernace MA, et al. Kidney diseases associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(10):1644–1652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fudenberg HH, Vinella G. Multiple myeloma and Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: unusual presentations. Sem Hematol. 1980;17:63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom FD, Hed J, Enestrom S. Renal pathology of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia with monoclonal antigromerular antibodies and nephrotic syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 1980;41:196–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalakas MC, Fujii M, Li M, et al. The clinical spectrum of anti-GAD antibody-positive patients with stiff-person syndrome. Neurology. 2000;55:1531–1535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charakidis M, Russell DJ. Spontaneous splenic rupture in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2010;4:300.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kyle RA, Treon SP, Alexanian R, et al. Prognostic markers and criteria to initiate therapy in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: consensus panel recommendations from the second international workshop on Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Semin Oncol. 2003;30:116–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP. How I treat Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2009;114:2375–2385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone MJ, Merlini G, Pascual V. Autoantibody activity in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma. 2005;5:225–229.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bustoros M, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Kapoor P, et al. Progression risk stratification of asymptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(16):1403–1411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buske C, Sadullah S, Kastritis E, et al. Treatment and outcome patterns in European patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia: a large, observational, retrospective chart review. Lancet Haematol. 2018;5:e299–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz MA, Rue M, Blood E, et al. Multicentern phase 2 trial of rituximab for Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM): an eastern cooperative oncology group study (E3A98). Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:2047–2055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos-Lozano A, Morales-Gonzalez A, Sanchis-Gomar F, et al. Response rate to the treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a meta-analysis of the results of clinical trials. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;105:118–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Zervas C, Zomas A, et al. Extended rituximab therapy for previously untreated patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma. 2002;3(3):163–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olszewski AJ, Treon SP, Castillo JJ. Comparative effectiveness of rituximab-based immunochemotherapy in Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM). Blood. 2016;128(22):2986.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buske C, Leblond V. How to manage Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Leukemia. 2013;27(4):762–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP. How I treat Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2015;126:721–732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam CS, Wolf M, Prince HM, et al. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer. 2006;106:2412–2420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Kanan S, Meid K, et al. Rituximab intolerance in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Br J Haematol. 2016;174:645–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman RR, Eradat HA, DiRienzo CG, et al. Once-weekly ofatumumab in untreated or relapsed Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4:e24–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastritis E, Gavriatopoulou M, Kyrtsonis MC, et al. Dexamethasone, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide as primary treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia: final analysis of a phase 2 study. Blood. 2015;126:1392–1394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paludo J, Abeykoon JP, Shreders A, et al. Bendamustine and rituximab (BR) versus dexamethasone, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide (DRC) in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Ann Hematol. 2018;97:1417–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tedeschi A, Benevolo G, Varettoni M, et al. Fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide and rituximab in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: an effective but myelosuppressive regimen to be offered to patients with advanced disease. Cancer. 2012;8(2):434–443.
   Google Scholar
• Leblond V, Kastritis E, Advani R, et al. Treatment recommendations for Waldenström macroglobulinemia from the eighth international workshop on WM. Blood. 2016;128:1321–1328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herth I, Hensel M, Rieger M, et al. Pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab is a safe and effective treatment in patients with Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56:97–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souchet L, Levy V, Ouzegdouh M, et al. Efficacy and long-term toxicity of the rituximab-fludarabine-cyclophosphamide combination therapy in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Am J Hematol. 2016;91:782–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson KC, Alsina M, Bensinger W, et al. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, version 2.2013. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2012;10(10):1211–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Tripsas CK, Meid K, et al. Carfilzomib, rituximab, and dexamethasone (CaRD) treatment offers a neuropathy-sparing approach for treating Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2014;124:503–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leleu X, Eeckhoute J, Jia X, et al. Targeting NF-kappaB in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2008 May;111(10):5068–5077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Hunter ZR, Matous J, et al. Multicenter clinical trial of bortezomib in relapsed/refractory Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia: results of WMCTG Trial 03-248. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:3320–3325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Ioakimidis L, Soumerai JD, et al. Primary therapy of Waldenström macroglobulinemia with bortezomib, dexamethasone, and rituximab: WMCTG clinical trial 05-180. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3830–3835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau P, Pylypenko H, Grosicki S, et al. Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:431–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perel G, Bliss J, Thomas CM. Carfilzomib (Kyprolis): a novel proteasome inhibitor for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Pharm Ther. 2016 May;41(5):303–307.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Meid K, Gustine JN, et al. Prospective clinical trial of ixazomib, dexamethasone, and rituximab as primary therapy in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:3247–3252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Meid K, Flynn CA, et al. Ixazomib, dexamethasone, and rituximab in treatment-naive patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia: long-term follow-up. Blood Adv. 2020;4(16):3952–3959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Trotman J, Tedeschi A, et al. Ibrutinib for patients with rituximab-refractory Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia (iNNOVATE): an open label substudy of an international, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:241–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartsell L, Janes A, Larck C, et al. Ibrutinib for the treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome, a complication of Waldenström macroglobulinemia: patient case report. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019 Sep;25(6):1534–1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treon SP, Meid K, Gustine J, et al. Ibrutinib monotherapy produces long-term disease control in previously treated Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Final report of the pivotal trial (NCT01614821). Hematol Oncol. 2019;37(S2):184–185.
   Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Gustine JN, Meid K, et al. Ibrutinib withdrawal symptoms in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Haematologica. 2018;103:e307–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustine JN, Meid K, Dubeau T, et al. Ibrutinib discontinuation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: etiologies, outcomes, and IgM rebound. Am J Hematol. 2018;93:511–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barf T, Covey T, Izumi R, et al. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): a covalent bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a differentiated selectivity and in vivo potency profile. J Pharm Exp Ther. 2017;363:240–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu N, et al. Discovery of Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111), a novel, potent and selective covalent inhibitor of bruton’s tyrosine kinase. J Med Chem. 2019;62:7923–7940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen R, McCarthy H, Rule S, et al. Acalabrutinib in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia. HemaSphere. 2018;2:375–376.
   Google Scholar
• Tam CS, Opat S, D’Sa S, et al. A randomized phase 3 trial of zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib in symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia: the ASPEN study. Blood. 2020 Oct 29;136(18):2038–2050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chng WJ, Schop RF, Price-Troska T, et al. Gene-expression profiling of Waldenström macroglobulinemia reveals a phenotype more similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia than multiple myeloma. Blood. 2006 Oct;108(8):2755–2763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Gustine J, Meid K, et al. Multicenter prospective phase II study of venetoclax in patients with previously treated waldenström macroglobulinemia. Blood. 2018;32(Suppl 1):132.
   Google Scholar
• Kyriakou C, Canals C, Sibon D, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: the lymphoma working party of the European group for blood and marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2227–2232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyriakou C, Advani RH, Ansell SM, et al. Indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia: a consensus project of the EBMT lymphoma working party (LWP)/ European consortium for Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (ECWM)/International Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia Foundation (IWMF). Blood. 2017;130:2026.
   Google Scholar
• Vos JM, Kersten MJ, Kraan W, et al. Effective treatment of Bing-Neel Syndrome with oral fludarabine: a case series of four consecutive patients. Br J Haematol. 2016;172:461–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo JJ, Itchaki G, Paludo J, et al. Ibrutinib for the treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome: a multicenter study. Blood. 2019;133:299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manwani R, Sachchithanantham S, Mahmood S, et al. Treatment of IgM-associated immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis with rituximab-bendamustine. Blood. 2018;132:761–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganatra S, Sharma A, Shah S, et al. Ibrutinib-associated atrial fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018;4:1491–1500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gustine JN, Meid K, Dubeau TE, et al. Atrial fibrillation associated with ibrutinib in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Am J Hematol. 2016;91:E312–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar