The role of upper airway pathology as a co-morbidity in severe asthma

References

• Chung KF, Wenzel SE, Brozek JL, et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(2):343–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw DE, Sousa AR, Fowler SJ, et al. Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of the European U-BIOPRED adult severe asthma cohort. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(5):1308–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godard P, Chanez P, Siraudin L, et al. Costs of asthma are correlated with severity: a 1-yr prospective study. Eur Respir J. 2002;19(1):61–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney J, Patterson CC, Menzies-Gow A, et al. Comorbidity in severe asthma requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy: cross-sectional data from the optimum patient care research database and the British thoracic difficult asthma registry. Thorax. 2016;71(4):339–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauppi P, Linna M, Jantunen J, et al. Chronic comorbidities contribute to the burden and costs of persistent asthma. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:819194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson PG, McDonald VM. Management of severe asthma: targeting the airways, comorbidities and risk factors. Intern Med J. 2017;47(6):623–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licari A, Castagnoli R, Denicolò CF, et al. The nose and the lung: united airway disease? Front Pediatr. 2017;5:44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl. 2012;50(23):1–298.
   Google Scholar
• Huang CC, Chang PH, Wu PW, et al. Impact of nasal symptoms on the evaluation of asthma control. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(8):e6147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson L, Akerlund A, Holmberg K, et al. Prevalence of nasal polyps in adults: the Skövde population-based study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2003;112(7):625–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaaban MR, Walsh EM, Woodworth BA. Epidemiology and differential diagnosis of nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27(6):473–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marseglia GL, Merli P, Caimmi D, et al. Nasal disease and asthma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011;24(4 Suppl):7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marseglia GL, Caimmi S, Marseglia A, et al. Rhinosinusitis and asthma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010;23(1 Suppl):29–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caimmi D, Matti E, Pelizzo G, et al. Nasal polyposis in children. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2012;26(1 Suppl):S77–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Licari A, Caimmi S, Bosa L, et al. Rhinosinusitis and asthma: a very long engagement. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2014;27(4):499–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, et al. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: the GA2LEN survey in Europe. Allergy. 2012;67(1):91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin DC, Chandra RK, Tan BK, et al. Association between severity of asthma and degree of chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011;25(4):205–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming L, Murray C, Bansal AT, et al. The burden of severe asthma in childhood and adolescence: results from the paediatric U-BIOPRED cohorts. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(5):1322–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marseglia GL, Caimmi D, Pagella F, et al. Adenoids during childhood: the facts. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011;24(4 Suppl):1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marseglia GL, Caimmi S, Marseglia A, et al. Occult sinusitis may be a key feature for non-controlled asthma in children. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2012;26(1 Suppl):S125–131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ledford DK, Lockey RF. Aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(4):590–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson DD, White AA. Clinical characteristics of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016;36(4):643–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens WW, Lee RJ, Schleimer RP, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;136(6):1442–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohman A, Oscarsson M, Holmberg K, et al. Heredity of nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2015;53(1):25–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demirdag YY, Ramadan HH. Direct measurement of upper airway inflammation in children with chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(1):18–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purkey MT, Li J, Mentch F, et al. Genetic variation in genes encoding airway epithelial potassium channels is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a pediatric population. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e89329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedaghat AR, Phipatanakul W, Cunningham MJ. Prevalence of and associations with allergic rhinitis in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(2):343–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas JE, Cohen NA. Taste receptors mediate sinonasal immunity and respiratory disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(2):437-449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Workman AD, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, et al. The role of bitter and sweet taste receptors in upper airway immunity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015;15(12):72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vreugde S, Wormald PJ. Innate lymphoid type 2 cells in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(1):7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Smith SG, Salter B, et al. Allergen-induced increases in sputum levels of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(6):700-712.
   Google Scholar
• Roediger B, Weninger W. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in the regulation of immune responses. Adv Immunol. 2015;125:111–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poposki JA, Klingler AI, Tan BK, et al. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are elevated and activated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2017; 5(3):233-243.
   Google Scholar
• Lee TJ, Fu CH, Wang CH, et al. Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on severe asthma patients. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akdis CA, Bachert C, Cingi C, et al. Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: a PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(6):1479–1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens WW, Schleimer RP, Kern RC. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(4):565–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilos DL. Chronic rhinosinusitis endotyping: sharpening the focus on inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(5):1457–1479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachert C, Zhang N, Holtappels G, et al. Presence of IL-5 protein and IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins in nasal polyps is associated with comorbid asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(5):962-968, 968.e1-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr TF, Berdnikovs S, Simon HU, et al. Eosinophilic bioactivities in severe asthma. World Allergy Organ J. 2016;9:21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleman F, Lim HF, Nair P. Eosinophilic endotype of asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016;36(3):559–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd CM, Saglani S. T cells in asthma: influences of genetics, environment, and T-cell plasticity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(5):1267–1274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta V, Campeau NG, Kita H, et al. Blood and sputum eosinophil levels in asthma and their relationship to sinus computed tomographic findings. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(6):671–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Kephart GM, et al. Features of airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis: is the histopathology similar to asthma? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;112(5):877–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montuschi P, Santini G, Valente S, et al. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measurement of leukotrienes in asthma and other respiratory diseases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014;964:12–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinke JW, Wilson JM. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: pathophysiological insights and clinical advances. J Asthma Allergy. 2016;9:37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Caimmi D. Miraglia Del Giudice M, et al. Recent developments in United airways disease. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2012;4(4):171–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Håkansson K, Bachert C, Konge L, et al. Airway inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma: the United airways concept further supported. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0127228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellings PW, Hens G. Rhinosinusitis and the lower airways. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2009;29(4):733–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allakhverdi Z, Comeau MR, Smith DE, et al. CD34+ hemopoietic progenitor cells are potent effectors of allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(2):472–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart BA, Slavin RG. Rhinosinusitis and pediatric asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2005;25(1):67–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias CB, Freyschmidt EJ, Caplan B, et al. IgE influences the number and function of mature mast cells, but not progenitor recruitment in allergic pulmonary inflammation. J Immunol. 2009;182(4):2416–2424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poddighe D, Mathias CB, Freyschmidt EJ, et al. Basophils are rapidly mobilized following initial aeroallergen encounter in naïve mice and provide a priming source of IL-4 in adaptive immune responses. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2014;28(1):91–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunstahl GJ, Fokkens W. Nasal involvement in allergic asthma. Allergy. 2003;58(12):1235–1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anfuso A, Ramadan H, Terrell A, et al. Sinus and adenoid inflammation in children with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;114(2):103–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli J, Montuschi P, Passàli GC, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement in patients affected by nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147(2):351–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan BK, Chandra RK, Pollak J, et al. Incidence and associated premorbid diagnoses of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(5):1350–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch AG, Yan XS, Sundaresan AS, et al. Five-year risk of incident disease following a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2015;70(12):1613–1621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greiner AN, Hellings PW, Rotiroti G, et al. Allergic rhinitis. Lancet. 2011;378(9809):2112–2122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(suppl):S147–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C, Passalacqua G, et al. Consensus statement on the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Eur Acad Allergol Clin Immunol Allergy. 2000;55:116–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy. 2008;63(suppl 86):8–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brożek JL, Bousquet J. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Jun 8. In press.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhino- conjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat mul- ticountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368:733–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katelaris CH, Lee BW, Potter PC, et al. Prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world beyond Europe and North America. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012;42:186–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallol J, Crane J, von Mutius E, et al. ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three: a global synthesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2013;41(2):73–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Capasso M, Leonardi S, et al. Impaired FEF25-75 values may predict bronchial reversibility in allergic children with rhinitis or asthma. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2012;26(1 Suppl):S19–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Licari A, Ciprandi G, Marseglia A, et al. Current recommendations and emerging options for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2014;10(10):1337–1347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giavina-Bianchi P, Aun MV, Takejima P, et al. United airway disease: current perspectives. J Asthma Allergy. 2016;9:93–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Profita M, Montuschi P, Bonanno A, et al. Novel perspectives in the detection of oral and nasal oxidative stress and inflammation in pediatric united airway diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010;23(4):1211–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Jacot W, Vignola AM, et al. Allergic rhinitis: a disease remodeling the upper airways? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:43–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denlinger LC, Phillips BR, Ramratnam S, et al. Inflammatory and comorbid features of patients with severe asthma and frequent exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(3):302–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amelink M, de Groot JC, de Nijs SB, et al. Severe adult-onset asthma: a distinct phenotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(2):336–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips KM, Hoehle LP, Bergmark RW, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis severity is associated with need for asthma-related systemic corticosteroids. Rhinology. 2017; 55(3):211-217.
   Google Scholar
• Mascia K, Haselkorn T, Deniz YM, et al. Aspirin sensitivity and severity of asthma: evidence for irreversible airway obstruction in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(5):970–975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlosser RJ, Smith TL, Mace J, et al. Asthma quality of life and control after sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy. 2017;72(3):483–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ten Brinke A, Sterk PJ, Masclee AA, et al. Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):812–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loymans RJ, Honkoop PJ, Termeer EH, et al. Identifying patients at risk for severe exacerbations of asthma: development and external validation of a multivariable prediction model. Thorax. 2016;71(9):838–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips KM, Hoehle LP, Caradonna DS, et al. Association of severity of chronic rhinosinusitis with degree of comorbid asthma control. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117(6):651–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Gaugris S, Kocevar VS, et al. Increased risk of asthma attacks and emergency visits among asthma patients with allergic rhinitis: a subgroup analysis of the improving asthma control trial. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005;35:723–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valovirta E, Pawankar R. Survey on the impact of comorbid allergic rhinitis in patients with asthma. BMC Pulm Med. 2003;6:S3.
   Google Scholar
• Oka A, Hirano T, Yamaji Y, et al. Determinants of incomplete asthma control in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(1):160–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belhassen M, Demoly P, Bloch-Morot E, et al. Costs of perennial allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma increase with severity and poor disease control. Allergy. 2017;72(6):948–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dal Negro R, Piskorz P, Vives R, et al. Healthcare utilisation and costs associated with adding montelukast to current therapy in patients with mild to moderate asthma and co-morbid allergic rhinitis: PRAACTICAL study. Pharmacoeconomics. 2007;25:665–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Cirillo I, Klersy C, et al. Role of FEF25-75 as an early marker of bronchial impairment in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol. 2006;20:641–647.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, et al. Intranasal steroids versus placebo or no intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011996.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Head K, Chong LY, Hopkins C, et al. Short-course oral steroids as an adjunct therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, et al. Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011995.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Head K, Chong LY, Piromchai P, et al. Systemic and topical antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011994.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rozsasi A, Polzehl D, Deutschle T, et al. Long-term treatment with aspirin desensitization: a prospective clinical trial comparing 100 and 300 mg aspirin daily. Allergy. 2008;63(9):1228–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zele T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, et al. Differences in initial immunoprofiles between recurrent and nonrecurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014;28(3):192–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachert C, Gevaert P, Hellings P. Biotherapeutics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;pii: S2213-2198(17)30321-5. In press.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santini G, Mores N, Malerba M, et al. Dupilumab for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2017;26(3):357–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church DS, Church MK. Pharmacology of antihistamines. World Allergy Organ J. 2011;4:S22–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price DB, Swern A, Tozzi CA, et al. Effect of montelukast on lung function in asthma patients with allergic rhinitis: analysis from the COMPACT trial. Allergy. 2006;61(6):737–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montuschi P. Leukotrienes, antileukotrienes and asthma. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008;8(7):647–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Bachert C, Bernstein J, et al. Advances in pharmacotherapy for the 
treatment of allergic rhinitis; MP29-02 (a novel for- mulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate in an advanced delivery system) fills the gaps. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(6):913–928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger WE, Shah S, Lieberman P, et al. Long-term, randomized safety study of MP29-02 (a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate in an ad- vanced delivery system) in subjects with chronic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2(2):179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burks AW, Calderon MA, Casale T, et al. Update on allergy immunotherapy: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/PRACTALL consensus report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(5):1288–1296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL, Castagnoli R, et al. From IgE to clinical trials of allergic rhinitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11(12):1321–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licari A, Marseglia A, Caimmi S, et al. Emerging and future therapies for allergic rhinitis. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015;29(2 Suppl 1):38–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsabouri S, Tseretopoulou X, Priftis K, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of inadequately controlled allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014;2(3):332–340.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licari A, Marseglia G, Castagnoli R, et al. The discovery and development of omalizumab for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2015;10(9):1033–1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licari A, Marseglia A, Caimmi S, et al. Omalizumab in children. Paediatr Drugs. 2014;16(6):491–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humbert M, Boulet LP, Niven RM, et al. Omalizumab therapy: patients who achieve greatest benefit for their asthma experience greatest benefit for rhinitis. Allergy. 2009;64:81–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts G, Xatzipsalti M, Borrego LM, et al. Paediatric rhinitis: position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2013;68(9):1102–1116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santini G, Mores N, Malerba M, et al. Investigational prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists for airway inflammation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2016;25(6):639–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar