Are terrorists “insane”? A critical analysis of mental health categories in lone terrorists’ trials

References

• Ahn, W.-K., N. S. Kim, M. Lassaline, and M. J. Dennis.  2000. “Causal Status as a Determinant of Feature Centrality.” Cognitive Psychology 41: 361–416. doi:10.1006/cogp.2000.0741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. 2005. DSM IV. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Barrinha, A. 2011. “The Political Importance of Labelling: Terrorism and Turkey’s Discourse on the PKK.” Critical Studies on Terrorism 4 (2): 163–180. doi:10.1080/17539153.2011.586203.
   Google Scholar
• Bohman, J. 2005. “Critical Theory.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/critical-theory/
   Google Scholar
• Booth, W. 1998a. “Unabomber Trial Halted as it Begins.” Washington Post, January 6.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, W. 1998b. “Kaczynski Pleads Guilty.” Washington Post, January 23.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, P. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chase, A. 2000. “Harvard and the Making of the Unabomber.” The Atlantic Monthly, 285, June.
   Google Scholar
• Cornell University Law Information Institute. 2013. “Unabom.” Accessed March 29. http://www.law.cornell.edu/background/insane/UNABOM.html.
   Google Scholar
• Craddock, N., and M. Owen. 2007. “Rethinking Psychosis: The Disadvantages of a Dichotomous Classification Now Outweigh the Advantages.” World Psychiatry 6 (2): 84–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, M. 2000. “The Psychology of Terrorism: An Agenda for the 21st Century.” Political Psychology 21 (2): 405–420. doi:10.1111/0162-895X.00195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Graaf, B., L. van der Heide, S. Wanmaker, and D. Weggemans. 2013. The Anders Behring Breivik Trial: Performing Justice, Defending Democracy. ICCT Research Paper. The Hague: ICCT.
   Google Scholar
• Diamond, S. 2012. “The Breivik Verdict: Forensic Commentary.” Psychology Today, August 25.
   Google Scholar
• Duff, R. A. 2001. Punishment, Communication, and Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Finlay, C. 2009. “How to Do Things with the Word ‘Terrorist’?” Review of International Studies 35 (4): 751–774. doi:10.1017/S0260210509990167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, G. 1956. “The Sociology of Ritual.” The American Catholic Sociological Review 17 (2): 117–130. doi:10.2307/3708893.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, S., and S. Speer. 2007. “Category Use in the Construction of Asylum Seekers.” Critical Discourse Studies 4 (2): 165–185. doi:10.1080/17405900701464832.
   Google Scholar
• Gunn, J. 2002. “No Excuses.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95 (2): 61–63. doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.2.61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunning, J., and R. Jackson. 2011. “What’s So ‘Religious’ About ‘Religious Terrorism’?” Critical Studies on Terrorism 4 (3): 369–388. doi:10.1080/17539153.2011.623405.
   Google Scholar
• Hans, V. 1986. “An Analysis of Public Attitudes Toward the Insanity Defense.” Criminology 24 (2): 393–414. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1986.tb01502.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harcourt, B. 2008. “Rethinking the Carceral Through an Institutional Lens: On Prisons and Asylums in the United States.” Penal Field. http://champpenal.revues.org/7561
   Google Scholar
• Harding, L. 2012. “Anders Behring Breivik says Questions Over Sanity Part of Plot to Discredit Him.” The Guardian, April 23.
   Google Scholar
• Herschinger, E. 2013. “A Battlefield of Meanings: The Struggle for Identity in the UN Debates on a Definition of International Terrorism.” Terrorism & Political Violence 25 (2): 183–201. doi:10.1080/09546553.2011.652318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, A. 2007. “Victims or Madmen? The Diagnostic Competition over ‘Terrorist’ Detainees at Guantánamo Bay.” International Political Sociology 1: 29–47. doi:10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00003.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husby, T., and S. Sorheim. 2011. “Forensic Expertise of A. Breivik.” Signed on November 29, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. 2005. Writing the War on Terrorism: Language, Politics, and Counter-Terrorism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, R. 2007. “The Core Commitments of Critical Terrorism Studies.” European Political Science 6: 244–251. doi:10.1057/palgrave.eps.2210141.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. 1998. “Forensic Expertise of T. Kaczynski.” Signed on January 16, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Kertzer, D., and D. Arel. 2002. “Censuses, Identity Formation, and the Struggle for Political Power.” In Census and identity. The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, and Language In National Censuses, edited by D. Kertzer, and D. Arel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kruglanski, A., and S. Fishman. 2006. “The Psychology of Terrorism: ‘Syndrome’ Versus ‘Tool’ Perspectives.” Terrorism & Political Violence 18 (2): 193–215. doi:10.1080/09546550600570119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G. 1996. Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know that Liberals Don’t. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G., and M. Johnson. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marsella, A. 2003. “Reflections on International Terrorism: Issues, Concepts, and Directions.” In Understanding Terrorism, edited by F. Moghaddam, and M. Marsella. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Mary, P., D. Kaminski, and F. Vanhamme. 2008. “The Treatment of ‘Dangerousness’ in Belgium: Internment and Placing at the Government’s Disposal.” Penal Field. http://champpenal.revues.org/8359
   Google Scholar
• Måseide, P. H. 2012. “The Battle About Breivik’s Mind.” The Lancet 379 (9835): 2413–2414. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61048-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melle, I. 2013. “The Breivik Case and What Psychiatrists Can Learn from It.” World Psychiatry 12 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1002/wps.20002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mello, M. 1999. The United States Versus Theodore Kaczynski. Ethics, Power and the Invention of the Unabomber. New York: Context.
   Google Scholar
• Merton, R. 1968. Social Theory and Social Structure. 1968 Enlarged Edition. New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nietzsche, F. 1974. The Gay Science. New York: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Pellegrini, F. 1998. “Kaczynski Stops the Trial.” Time, January 5.
   Google Scholar
• Perlin, M. 1990. “Unpacking the Myths: The Symbolism Mythology of Insanity Defense Jurisprudence.” Case Western Law Review 40: 599–731.
   Google Scholar
• Perlin, M. 1993. “On ‘Sanism’.” SMU Law Review 46: 373–407.
   Google Scholar
• Perlin, M. 1996. “Myths, Realities, and the Political World: The Anthropology of Insanity Defense Attitudes.” Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & Law 24 (1): 5–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perring, C. 2010. “Mental Illness.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-illness/
   Google Scholar
• Pleasants, N. 1997. “Free to Act Otherwise? A Wittgensteinian Deconstruction of the Concept of Agency in Contemporary Social and Political Theory.” History of the Human Sciences 10: 1–28. doi:10.1177/095269519701000401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohlhaus, G., and J. Wright. 2002. “Using Wittgenstein Critically: A Political Approach to Philosophy.” Political Theory 30 (6): 800–827. doi:10.1177/0090591702238204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post, J. 2007. The Mind of the Terrorist. The Psychology of Terrorism from the IRA to Al-Qaeda. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rastier, F. 2012. “Néologismes et néonazisme. sur le diagnostic d’Anders Breivik.” Cités 50 (2): 13–17. doi:10.3917/cite.050.0013.
   Google Scholar
• Rehder, B. 2003a. “A Causal-Model Theory of Conceptual Representation and Categorization.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 29 (6): 1141–1159.
   Google Scholar
• Rehder, B. 2003b. “Categorization as Causal Reasoning.” Cognitive Science 27: 709–748. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2705_2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosch, E. 1973a. “Natural Categories.” Cognitive Psychology 4: 328–350. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90017-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosch, E. 1973b. “On the Internal Structure of Perceptual and Semantic Categories.” In Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language, edited by T. Moore, 111–144. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rosch, E. 1975. “Cognitive Representations of Semantic Categories.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 114: 159–188.
   Google Scholar
• Rosch, E. 1978. “Principles of Categorization.” In Cognition and Categorization, edited by E. Rosch, and B. Lloyd. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Rosch, E., and C. Mervis. 1975. “Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories.” Cognitive Psychology 7: 573–605. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(75)90024-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouten, R. 2010. “Terrorism and the Behavioral Sciences.” Harvard Review of Psychiatry 18 (6): 369–378. doi:10.3109/10673229.2010.533005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver, E., C. Cirincione, and H. Steadman. 1994. “Demythologizing Inaccurate Perceptions of the Insanity Defense.” Law & Human Behavior 18 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1007/BF01499144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Society for Humanistic Psychology (American Psychological Association), British Psychological Society, Danish Psychological Association, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology (American Psychological Association), Division of Developmental Psychology (American Psychological Association), Division of Clinical Psychology (American Psychological Association), Society of Counseling Psychology (American Psychological Association), et al. 2012. “Open Letter to the DSM-5.” Accessed January 15, 2014. http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dsm5/
   Google Scholar
• Spaaij, R. 2012. Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism. New York: Springer Briefs in Criminology.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, A. 2011. “Sic[k] of the ‘New Terrorism’ Debate? A Response to Our Critics.” Critical Studies on Terrorism 4 (3): 459–467. doi:10.1080/17539153.2011.623428.
   Google Scholar
• Staun, J. 2010. “When, How and Why Elites Frame Terrorists: A Wittgensteinian Analysis of Terror and Radicalisation.” Critical Studies on Terrorism 3 (3): 403–420. doi:10.1080/17539153.2010.521642.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, D. 2005. “Foreword.” In Deserving and Entitled. Social Constructions and Public Policy, edited by A. Schneider, and H. Ingram. New York: SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Szasz, T. 1974. The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct. New York: Harper.
   Google Scholar
• Tietze, T. 2012. “The Importance of the Anders Breivik Verdict Reaches Beyond Norway.” The Guardian, August 24.
   Google Scholar
• Victoroff, J. 2005. “The Mind of the Terrorist: A Review and Critique of Psychological Approaches.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (1): 3–42. doi:10.1177/0022002704272040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittgenstein, L. 1968. Philosophische Untersuchungen. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Yannoulidis, S. 2002. “Negotiating ‘Dangerousness’: Charting a Course Between Psychiatry and Law.” Psychiatry, Psychology & Law 9 (2): 151–162. doi:10.1375/pplt.2002.9.2.151.
   Google Scholar
• Yannoulidis, S. 2003. “Mental Illness, Rationality, and Criminal Responsibility.” Sydney Law Review 25: 189–221.
   Google Scholar
• Yannoulidis, S. 2012. Mental State Defences in Criminal Law. Farnham: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, T. 2007. “‘Enemies of the State’: Rational Classification in the War on Terrorism.” Lewis & Clark Law Review 11: 903.
   Google Scholar