Intragroup Differences among African Jamaican and African American Women: Empowerment, Male Condom-use Intentions and Negotiation

References

• Adimora, A. A., Schoenbach, V. J., Bonas, D. M., Martinson, F. E. A., Donaldson, K. H., & Stancil, T. R. (2009). Concurrent sexual partnerships among women in the United States. Epidemiology, 13(3), 320–327. doi:10.1097/00001648-200205000-00013
   Google Scholar
• Adimora, A. A., Schoenbach, V. J., & Flores-Moore, M. A. (2009). Ending the epidemic of heterosexual HIV transmission among African Americans. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 37(5), 469–471. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alleyne, B., & Gaston, G. (2010). Gender disparity and HIV risk among young black women in college: A literature review. Affilia, 25, 135–145. doi:10.1177/0886109910364348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaro, H. (1995). Love, sex, and power: Considering women’s realities in HIV prevention. American Psychologists, 50(6), 437–447. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.50.6.437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaro, H., & Raj, A. (2000). On the margins: Power and women’s HIV risk reduction strategies. Sex Roles, 42(7/8), 723–749. doi:10.1023/A:1007059708789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azjen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azjen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewoood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bent-Goodley, T. B. (2007). Health disparities and violence against women: Why and how cultural and societal influences matter. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 8(2), 90–104. doi:10.1177/1524838007301160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology:An International Review, 46, 5–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhui, K., & Dinod, S. (2008). Health beliefs and culture: Essential considerations for outcome measurement. Disease Management and Health Outcomes, 16(6), 411–419. doi:10.2165/0115677-200816060-00006
   Google Scholar
• Bowleg, L., Belgrave, F. Z., & Reisen, C. A. (2000). Gender roles, power strategies, and precautionary sexual self-efficacy: Implications for black and Latina women’s HIV/AIDS protective behaviors. Sex Roles, 42(7/8), 613–635. doi:10.1023/A:1007099422902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracey, J. R., Bamaca, M. Y., & Umana-Taylor, A. (2004). Examining ethnic identity and self-esteem among biracial and moracial adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 123–132. doi:10.1023/B:JOYO.0000013424.93635.68
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brafford, L. J., & Beck, K. H. (1991). Development and validation of a condom self-efficacy scale for college students. Journal of American College Health, 39, 219–225. doi:10.1080/07448481.1991.9936238
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charley, S. R. (2014). Research conducted on Caribbean women’s perceived human immunodeficiency virus risks: A narrative review and methodological critique. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 541–554. doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.905209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• City of Hartford. (2010). One city one plan POCD 2020: Hartford’s plan of conservation and development (City of Hartford Planning and Zoning Commission). Hartford, CT.
   Google Scholar
• Cokley, K., & Helm, K. (2007). The relationship between African American enculturation and racial identity. Journal of Multi-Cultural Counseling & Development, 35, 142–153. doi:10.1002/jmcd.2007.35.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connecticut Department of Public Health. (2009). Quick Stat 2009 report. Retrieved from http://www.ct.gov/dph/lib/dph/aids_and_chronic/surveillance/quickstat_-_country_of_birth.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Connecticut Department of Public Health. (2015). Connecticut department of public health surveillance program: Newly diagnosed HIV infection cases by sex, race, and age, Connecticut 2015. Retrieved from http://www.portal.ct.gov/DPH/AIDS–Chronic-Diseases/Surveillance/QuickStats
   Google Scholar
• Cox, S., Posner, S. F., & Sangi-Haghpeykar, H. (2010). Who’s responsible? Correlates of partner involvement in contraceptive decision making. Women Health Issues, 20, 254–259. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2010.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, J. L., & Jackson, P. B. (2008). Race, gender, and SES disparities in self-assessed health, 1974-2004. Research on Aging, 30(2), 137–168. doi:10.1177/0164027507311835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durmont, D. M., Allen, S. A., Brockman, B. W., Alexander, N. E., & Rich, J. D. (2013). Incarceration, community, health and racial disparities. Journal of Healthcare for the Poor and Underserved, 24(1), 78–88. doi:10.1353/hpu.2013.0000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edstrom, J. (2010). Time to call the bluff: (De) constructing womens’ vulnerability, HIV and sexual health. Development, 53(2), 215–221. doi:10.1057/dev.2010.24
   Google Scholar
• French, S. E., & Holland, K. J. (2013). Condom negotiation strategies as a mediator of the relationship between self-efficacy and condom use. Journal of Sex Research, 50(1), 48–59. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.626907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie, M. M. (2005). HIV/AIDS preventive behavior in recent immigrant Jamaican women (Doctoral Dissertation) University of Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie-Johnson, M. M. (2008). HIV/AIDS prevention practices among recent immigrant Jamaican women. Ethnicity and Disease, 18(2), S2175–S2178.
   Google Scholar
• Greig, R. (2003). Ethnic identity development: Implications for mental health in African-American and Hispanic adolescents. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 24, 317–331.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta, G. R. (2000). Gender, sexuality and HIV/AIDS: The what, the why, and the how. Paper presented at XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, G.R. (2011). Moving forward on women's gender-related hiv vulnerability: The good news, the bad news and what to do about it. Global Public Health, 6(S3), S370–S382.
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, L., Oh, H., & Gillmore, M. R. (2000). Toward an understanding of (Em) power (Ment) for HIV/AIDS prevention with adolescent women. Sex Roles, 42(7/8), 581–607. doi:10.1023/A:1007047306063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, S. M., Beckman, L. J., Gerend, M. A., Bird, S. T., Posner, S., Huszti, H. C., & Galavotti, H. C. (2006). A conceptual model of women’s condom use intentions: Integrating intrapersonal and relationship factors. AIDS Care, 18(7), 698–709. doi:10.1080/13548500500294435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, S. M., Bird, S. T., Galavotti, C., Duncan, E. A., & Greenberg, D. (2002). Relationship power, sexual decision making and condom use among women at risk for HIV/STD’s. Women and Health, 36(4), 69–84. doi:10.1300/J013v36n04_06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. A., Hoffman, S., & Dworkin, S. L. (2010). Rethinking gender, heterosexual men and women’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 435–445. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.159723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, S., Higgins, J. A., Beckford-Jarret, S. T., Augenbraun, M., Bylander, K. E., Mantell, J. E., & Wilson, T. E. (2011). Contexts of risk and networks of protection: NYC West Indian immigrants’ perceptions of migration and vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 13(5), 513–528. doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.562304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, S., Ransome, Y., Adams-Skinner, J., Leu, C., & Terzian, A. (2012). HIV/AIDS surveillance data for New York City West Indian-born Blacks: Comparisons with other immigrant and U.S. -born groups. American Journal of Public Health, 102(11), 2129–2134. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• House, J. S. (1994). Understanding social factors and inequalities in health: 20th century progress and 21st century prospects. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 125–142. doi:10.2307/3090192
   Google Scholar
• Hruschka, D. J. (2009). Culture as an explanation in population health. Annals of Human Biology, 36(3), 235–247. doi:10.1080/03014460902852593
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, M. K., Jemott, L. S., Wood, E., Hewitt, H., Kawha, E., Waldron, N., & Bonoparte, B. (2007). Culture-specific factors contributing to HIV risk among Jamaican adolescents. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 18(2), 35–47. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2007.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamaica Ministry of Health. (2014). Jamaica country progress report: Global AIDS response progress report. Retrieved from http://files.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2014countries/JAM_narrative_report_2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser Family Foundation. (2017, February). Black Americans and HIV/AIDS: The basics. Retrieved from http://files.kff.org/attachment/Fact-Sheet-Black-Americans-and-HIV-AIDS-The-Basics
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, C. P., Erickson, P. I., & Juarez-Reyes, M. (2002). Acculturation, gender role orientation, and reproductive risk-taking behavior among Latina adolescent family planning clients. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17(2), 103–121. doi:10.1177/0743558402172001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauffman, J. H. (1979). Social correlates of spiritual maturity among North American mennonites. Sociological Analysis, 40, 27–42. doi:10.2307/3710494
   Google Scholar
• Kent, M. M. (2007). Immigration and America’s Black population. Population Bulletin, 62(4), 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Kerani, R. P., Kent, J. B., Sides, T., Dennis, G., Ibrahim, A. R., Cross, H., … Golden, M. R. (2008). HIV among African-born persons in the United States: A hidden epidemic? Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 49(1), 102–106. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181831806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khort, B., Hadley, C., & Hruschka, D. (2009). Culture and epidemiology special issue: Towards an integrated study of culture and population health. Annals of Human Biology, 36(3), 229–234. doi:10.1080/03014460902830128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kull, R. A. (2010). HIV history, illness, transmission, and treatment. In C. C. Poindexter (Ed.), Handbook of HIV and social work (pp. 3–30). New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, V., & Smith, G. (2009). African and Caribbean adolescents in Britain: Ethnic identity and Britishness. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 32(7), 1248–1270. doi:10.1080/01419870802298421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenzo-Hernandez, J., & Oulette, S. C. (2006). Ethnic identity, self-esteem, and values in Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(21), 2007–2014. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01358.x
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, C., & Boyle, M. (1995). Risky heterosexual practices amongst women over 30: Gender, power and long term relationships. AIDS Care, 7(3), 277–293. doi:10.1080/09540129550126515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNair, L. D., & Prather, C. M. (2004). African American women and AIDS: Factors influencing risk and reaction to HIV disease. Journal of Black Psychology, 30, 106–123. doi:10.1177/0095798403261414
   Google Scholar
• Misovich, S. J., Fisher, J. D., & Fisher, W. A. (1997). Close relationships and elevated HIV risk behavior: Evidence and possible underlying psychological processes. Review of General Psychology, 1, 72–107. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.1.1.72
   Google Scholar
• National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors [NASTAD]. (2008, May). The landscape of HIV/AIDS among African American women in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.nastad.org/Docs/highlight/2008521_NASTAD%20African%20American%20Women’s%20Issue%20Brief%20No.%201.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Newcomb, M. D., Wyatt, G. E., Romero, G. J., Tucker, M. B., Wayment, H. A., Carmona, J. V., … Mitchell-Kernan, C.; Newcomb. (1998). Acculturation, sexual risk taking, and HIV health promotion among Latinas. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 454–467. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.45.4.454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newsome, V., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2013). Gender ratio imbalance effects on HIV risk behaviors in African American women. Health Promotion Practice, 14(3), 459–463. doi:10.1177/1524839912460869
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noar, S. M., Morokoff, P. J., & Harlow, L. L. (2002). Condom negotiation in heterosexually active men and women: Development and validation of a condom influence strategy questionnaire. Psychology and Health, 17(6), 711–735. doi:10.1080/0887044021000030580
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obasi, E. M. (2005). Measurement of acculturation strategies for people of African descent (MASPAD): An emic conceptualization of acculturation as a moderating factor between psychological distress and mental health seeking attitudes. Retrieved from http://etd.ohiolink.edu/sendpdf.cgi/Obasi%20Ezemenari%20Marquis.pdf?acc_num=osu1112382868
   Google Scholar
• Obasi, E. M., & Leong, F. T. L. (2009). Psychological distress, acculturation and mental health-seeking attitudes among people of African descent in the United States: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(2), 227–238. doi:10.1037/a0014865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, R. G. (2009). Bodies, pleasures, passions: Sexual culture in contemporary Brazil (2nd ed.). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with adolescents and young adults from diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156–176. doi:10.1177/074355489272003
   Google Scholar
• Phinney, J. S. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 31(9), 918–927. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.9.918
   Google Scholar
• Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration and well-being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 493–510. doi:10.1111/josi.2001.57.issue-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulerwitz, J., Amaro, H., De Jong, W., Gortmaker, S. L., & Rudd, R. (2009). Relationship power, condom use and HIV risk among women in the USA. AIDS Care, 14(6), 789–800. doi:10.1080/0954012021000031868
   Google Scholar
• Pulerwitz, J., see Gortmaker, S. L., & DeJong, W. (2000). Measuring sexual relationship power in HIV/STD research. Sex Roles, 42(7/8), 637–660. doi:10.1023/A:1007051506972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robillard, R. H. (2001). The Jamaican adolescent: An assessment of knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS. Pediatric Nursing, 27(2), 176–179.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rubin, A., & Babbie, E. R. (2014). Essential research methods for social work. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
   Google Scholar
• Sobo, E. J. (1993). Inner-city women and AIDS: The psycho-social benefits of unsafe sex. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 17(4), 455–485. doi:10.1007/BF01379310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soler, H., Quadagno, D., Sly, D. H., Riehman, K. S., Eberstein, I. W., & Harrison, D. F. (2000). Relationship dynamics, ethnicity and condom use among low-income women. Family Planning Perspective, 32(2), 82–88. doi:10.2307/2648216
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sormanti, M., & Shibusawa, T. (2007). Predictors of condom use and HIV testing among midlife and older women seeking medical services. Journal of Aging Health, 19(4), 705–719. doi:10.1177/0898264307301173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sormanti, M., Wu, E., & El Bassel, N. (2004). Considering HIV risk and intimate partner violence among older women of color: A descriptive analysis. Women & Health, 39(1), 45–63. doi:10.1300/J013v39n01_03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strayhorn, J. M., Weidman, C. S., & Larson, D. (1990). A measure of religiousness, and its relation to parent and child mental health variables. Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 34–43. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6629
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson-Robinson, M., Weaver, M., Richter, D., Usdan, S., & Saunders, R. (2007). Perception of heterosexual African American male’s high risk sexual behaviors. International Journal of Men’s Health, 6(2), 156–166. doi:10.3149/jmh.0602.156
   Google Scholar
• United States Census Bureau. (2016). Place of birth for the foreign-born population in the United States universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea 2016 American community survey 1-year estimates. Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_1YR_B05006&prodType=table
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, March). CDC HIV/AIDS fact sheet: HIV/AIDS among women. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/group/gender/women/cdc-hiv-women.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Waters, M. (1994). Ethnic and racial identification of second generation black immigrants in new york city. International Migration Review, 28, 795–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Wingood, G. M., & DiClemente, R. J. (2000). Application of the theory of gender and power to examine HIV-related exposures, risk factors, and effective interventions for women. Health, Education & Behavior, 27, 539–565. doi:10.1177/109019810002700502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulfert, E., & Wan, C. K. (1993). Condom use: Self efficacy model. Health Psychology, 12(5), 346–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt, G. E., Forge, N. G., & Guthrie, D. (1998). Family constellation and ethnicity: Current and lifetime HIV. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(1), 93–101. related risk taking. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.12.1.93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt, G.E., Vargas-Carmona, J.U., Burns-Loeb, T., Guthrie, D., CHin, D., & Gordon, G. (2000). Factors affecting hiv contraceptive decision-making among women. Sex Roles, 42(7/8), 495–521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar