References

• Abdalla, M. J., Ali, L., Hristoforova Maydon, D., Sigaeva, N., Öztüren, A., & Kiliç, H. (2023). Promoting face-to-face education under perceived risk via learning engagement and positive attitude: Perspectives from an edu-tourist destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2023.2200001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu Samah, A., Ahmadian, M., Gill, S. S., & Hendijani, R. B. (2013). Residents attitude towards educational tourism in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 9(13). https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n13p14
   Google Scholar
• Agustina, R. P., & Artanti, Y. (2020). The role of satisfaction as a mediating variable on the effects of novelty seeking and familiarity on tourist revisit intention. Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 3(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.14710/dijb.3.2.2020.88-96
   Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I.(2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinci, Z., Yurcu, G., & Kasalak, M. (2018). The mediating role of perception in the relationship between expectation and satisfaction in terms of sustainability in tourism education. Sustainability, 10(7), 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072253
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W., Sandstrom, G. M., & Norton, M. I. (2013). Does social connection turn good deeds into good feelings? On the value of putting the ‘social’ in prosocial spending. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 1(2), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2013.055643
   Google Scholar
• Albaity, M., & Melhem, S. B. (2017). Novelty seeking, image, and loyalty—the mediating role of satisfaction and moderating role of length of stay: International tourists’ perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 23, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2017.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anantamongkolkul, C., & Kongma, T. (2020). Thai university Student travel behavior: An extension of theory of planned behavior. ABAC JOURNAL- Assumption University, 40(1), 126–141.
   Google Scholar
• Apuke, O. D. (2017). Quantitative research methods: A synopsis approach. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(11), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.12816/0040336
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlett, C. P. (2019). Social psychology theory extensions. Predicting Cyberbullying, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816653-6.00005-4
   Google Scholar
• Blomstervik, I. H., Prebensen, N. K., Campos, A. C., & Pinto, P. (2020). Novelty in tourism experiences: The influence of physical staging and human interaction on behavioural intentions. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(20), 2921–2938. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1854197
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden, J. L. H., Tickle, L., & Naumann, K. (2019). The four pillars of tertiary student engagement and success: A holistic measurement approach. Studies in Higher Education, 46(6), 1207–1224. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1672647
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caber, M., Albayrak, T., & Crawford, D. (2020). Perceived value and its impact on travel outcomes in youth tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 31, 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JORT.2020.100327
   Google Scholar
• Cahigas, M. M. L., Prasetyo, Y. T., Persada, S. F., & Nadlifatin, R. (2023). Examining Filipinos’ intention to revisit Siargao after super typhoon rai 2021 (Odette): An extension of the theory of planned behavior approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 84, 103455. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJDRR.2022.103455
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cascio, C. N., O’Donnell, M. B., Tinney, F. J., Lieberman, M. D., Taylor, S. E., Strecher, V. J., & Falk, E. B. (2016). Self-affirmation activates brain systems associated with self-related processing and reward and is reinforced by future orientation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(4), 621–629. https://doi.org/10.1093/SCAN/NSV136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, D., & Buzinde, C. (2015). Tourism and decolonisation: Locating research and self. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, Z. C. Y. Fung, Y. L. & Chien, Y. T.(2013). Bracketing in phenomenology: Only undertaken in the data collection and analysis process. The Qualitative Report, 18(30). https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2013.1486
   Google Scholar
• Chang, V. (2016). Review and discussion: E-learning for academia and industry. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 476–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJINFOMGT.2015.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherry, K. (2022, November 7). Self-Esteem: Influences, Traits, and How to Improve It. Very Well Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-esteem-2795868
   Google Scholar
• Cheung, A. K.-L. (2021). Structured Questionnaires. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2888-2
   Google Scholar
• Chi, X., Lee, S. K., Ahn, Y. J., & Kiatkawsin, K. (2020). Tourist-perceived quality and loyalty intentions towards rural tourism in China. Sustainability, 12(9), 3614. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12093614
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu, W., Zeng, S., & Cheng, P. S. T. (2016). The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: A case study of Chinese tourists in Korea. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(2), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-07-2015-0080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couto, J. (2017). The importance of intercultural competence in higher education and its impact on professional life. Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,7, Cologne Business School Köln, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Dale, N. F., & Ritchie, B. W. (2020). Understanding travel behavior: A study of school excursion motivations, constraints and behavior. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 43, 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.01.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, K. V., Jones-Harrell, C., Fan, Y., Ramaswami, A., Orlove, B., & Botchwey, N. (2020). Understanding subjective well-being: Perspectives from psychology and public health. Public Health Reviews, 41(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40985-020-00142-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Kervenoael, R., Hasan, R., Schwob, A., & Goh, E. (2020). Leveraging human-robot interaction in hospitality services: Incorporating the role of perceived value, empathy, and information sharing into visitors’ intentions to use social robots. Tourism Management, 78, 104042. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2019.104042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembovska, I., Silicka, I., & Ļubkina, V. (2016). Educational tourism in the training of future tourism professionals. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 4, 245. https://doi.org/10.17770/SIE2016VOL4.1561
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40(1–2), 189–216. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006859511756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dredge, D., Phi, G. T. L., Mahadevan, R., Meehan, E., & Popescu, E. (2019). Digitalisation in tourism: In-depth analysis of challenges and opportunities. Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME), European Commission. https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/digitalisation-in-tourism-in-depth-analysis-of-challenges-and-opp
   Google Scholar
• Duarte Alonso, A., Sakellarios, N., & Pritchard, M. (2015). The theory of planned behaviour in the context of cultural heritage tourism. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 10(4), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2015.1044992
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubey, P., & Sahu, K. K. (2023). Mediation analysis of students’ perceived benefits in predicting their satisfaction to technology-enhanced learning. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 16(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-11-2021-0074/FULL/PDF
   Google Scholar
• Eom, T., & Han, H. (2019). Community-based tourism (TourDure) experience program: A theoretical approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(8), 956–968. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1665611
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahmi, R., Besel, F., Aswirna, P., Fahmi, F. A., & Fahmi, D. M. (2021). The effect of students perception on educational tourism and self-fulfilment. Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 1(1), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v1i1.2574
   Google Scholar
• Fan, C. W., Chen, I. H., Ko, N. Y., Yen, C. F., Lin, C. Y., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). Extended theory of planned behavior in explaining the intention to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among mainland Chinese university students: An online survey study. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(10), 3413–3420. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1933687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanelli, R. M., & Romagnoli, L. (2020). Customer satisfaction with farmhouse facilities and its implications for the promotion of agritourism resources in Italian municipalities. Sustainability, 12(5), 1749. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12051749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, D. X. F., Liu, A., & Qiu, R. T. R. (2018). Revisiting the relationship between host attitudes and tourism development: A utility maximization approach. Tourism Economics, 25(2), 171–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618794088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorchenko, V., Kutuev, P., Fedorchenko, N., & Vasilets, O. (2021). Tourism and education in formation of the human capital agency. Linguistics & Culture Review, 5(S2), 246–258. https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS2.1343
   Google Scholar
• Fitch, J. L., & Ravlin, E. C. (2005). Willpower and perceived behavioral control: Influences on the intention-behavior relationship and post behavior attributions. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 33(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.2.105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouche, C. B., & Bartley, A. (2011). Quantitative data analysis and interpretation. Research at Grass Roots, 7(3), 248–276. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anupama-Pal/publication/316888569_Quantitative_Data_Analysis_and_Representation/links/59167b67a6fdcc963e83e0c6/Quantitative-Data-Analysis-and-Representation
   Google Scholar
• Freire, J. A. (2020). Promoting sociopolitical consciousness and bicultural goals of dual language education: The transformational dual language educational framework. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 19(1), 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2019.1672174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gangotia, A. (2014). Expectations of tourism industry on competencies and tourism education. AVAHAN: A Journal on Hospitality &tourism, 8(1).
   Google Scholar
• Gerneshiy, V. (2021). The increasing role of educational tourism in the training system of the world tourist industry: A socio-philosophical inquiry. Logos et Praxis, 3(3), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2021.3.16
   Google Scholar
• Glenk, K., Faccioli, M., Martin-Ortega, J., Schulze, C., & Potts, J. (2021). The opportunity cost of delaying climate action: Peatland restoration and resilience to climate change. Global Environmental Change, 70, 102323. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2021.102323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graupensperger, S., Walukevich-Dienst, K., Patrick, M. E., & Lee, C. M. (2023). The protective role of perceived control on associations between job loss, financial difficulties, and substance use among young adults early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Prevention Science, 24(6), 1239–1248. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11121-023-01565-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunawardena, H. Merlo, S. & Stevens, R.(2020). The pre-conditions to flourishing: Structural necessities for achieving well-being in schools. British Journal of Educational Studies, 68(4), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2020.1711857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gvaramadze, A. (2021). Educational tourism and its challenges during the pandemic. Academic Digest, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.55896/2298-0202/2021-45-53
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). Factors versus composites: Guidelines for choosing the right structural equation modeling method. Project Management Journal, 50(6), 619–624. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819882132
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. (2017). PLS-SEM: Looking back and moving forward. In Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002463011400020X
   Google Scholar
• Han, T.-S., Chiang, H.-H., & Chang, A. (2010). Employee participation in decision making, psychological ownership and knowledge sharing: Mediating role of organizational commitment in Taiwanese high-tech organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(12), 2218–2233. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.509625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley, A., & Wilhelm, M. S. (1992). Compulsive buying: An exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 13(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(92)90049-D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashim, S. M. (2019, August 6). Socio-Economic Impacts of the Rohingya Influx. The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/no-frills/news/socio-economic-impacts-the-rohingya-influx-1782133
   Google Scholar
• Heller, M., Pujolar, J., & Duchêne, A. (2014). Linguistic commodification in tourism. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 18(4), 539–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOSL.12082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschman, E. C. (1980). Innovativeness, novelty seeking, and consumer creativity. Journal of Consumer Research, 7(3), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1086/208816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. H. C., & Huang, S. (2010, February). Formation of tourist behavioral intention and actual behavior. 2010 7th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSSM.2010.5530150.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu, C. H. C., Oh, H., & Assaf, A. G. (2012). A customer-based brand equity model for upscale hotels. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510394195
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humaidi, N., & Abdallah Alghazo, S. H. (2022). Procedural information security countermeasure awareness and cybersecurity protection motivation in enhancing employee’s cybersecurity protective behaviour. 2022 10th International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISDFS55398.2022.9800834
   Google Scholar
• Hussein, S. H., Kusairi, S., & Ismail, F. (2022). Modelling the demand for educational tourism: Do dynamic effect, university quality and competitor countries play a role? Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-09-2020-0144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, X., Qin, J., Gao, J., & Gossage, M. G. (2022). How tourists’ perception affects travel intention: Mechanism pathways and boundary conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 821364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, K. G., & Drozdenko, R. G. (2010). Relationships among perceived organizational core values, corporate social responsibility, ethics, and organizational performance outcomes: An empirical study of information technology professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10551-009-0158-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A. J., & Wakefield, J. (2020). Examining associations between racism, internalized shame, and self-esteem among African Americans. Cogent Psychology, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2020.1757857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi, Y. (2021). Digital Transformation, Ecosystem Design, and Platform Strategy: An IioT Perspective. https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/139354
   Google Scholar
• Kahraman, O. C., & Derya, D. A. (2021). The impact of perceived education quality on tourism and hospitality students career choice: The mediating effects of academic self-efficacy. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, H. B. (1975). The self-esteem motive and change in self-attitudes. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 161(4), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197510000-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katta, R. M. R., & Patro, C. S. (2020). Consumers’ perceived value in internet shopping. International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management, 11(2), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2020040102
   Google Scholar
• Kenfack, M. R. K., & Öztüren, A. (2021). Key factors in the selection of an educational tourism destination*. In Global perspectives on recruiting international students: Challenges and opportunities (pp. 1–36). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-518-720211001
   Google Scholar
• Kenneth, R. F., & Magnus, L. (2014). Self-esteem and self-perceptions in sport and exercise (pp. 34–48). London, UK: Routledge Companion to Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315880198-5
   Google Scholar
• Kennon, J. (2022, June 29). What Is Opportunity Cost? the Balance Money. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/what-is-opportunity-cost-357200
   Google Scholar
• Khan, S., & Iqbal, M. (2020). AI-Powered customer service: does it optimize customer experience? 2020 8th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO), 590–594. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRITO48877.2020.9198004
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S., & Kim, H. (2015). Moderating effects of tourists’ novelty-seeking tendencies on the relationship between satisfaction and behavioral intention. Tourism Analysis, 20(5), 511–522. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354215X14411980111415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, B., Lejealle, C., & Chapuis, J. M. (2022). Educational travellers and destination appeal: Deconstructing intrinsic motivations. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 29(1), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667221078241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klabi, F. (2020). To what extent do conspicuous consumption and status consumption reinforce the effect of self-image congruence on emotional brand attachment? Evidence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 8(2), 99–117. https://doi.org/10.1057/S41270-020-00073-9
   Google Scholar
• Kokkinos, C. M., & Voulgaridou, I. (2018). Motivational beliefs as mediators in the association between perceived scholastic competence, self-esteem and learning strategies among Greek secondary school students. Educational Psychology, 38(6), 753–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1456651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komarraju, M., & Dial, C. (2014). Academic identity, self-efficacy, and self-esteem predict self-determined motivation and goals. Learning and Individual Differences, 32, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LINDIF.2014.02.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo, A., Abuliezi, R., Naruse, K., Oki, T., Niitsu, K., & Ezeonwu, M. C. (2021). Perceived control, preventative health behaviors, and the mental health of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Inquiry: A Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 58, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211060279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar Kaushal, R., Kumar, N., Narayan Panda, S., & Sood, K. (2021). Effectiveness of multimedia design principles in computer animations. 2021 International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE), 780–783. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACITE51222.2021.9404757
   Google Scholar
• Kurzban, R., Duckworth, A., Kable, J. W., & Myers, J. (2013). An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(6), 661–679. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12003196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwek, A., Bui, H. T., Rynne, J., & So, K. K. F. (2013). The impacts of self-esteem and resilience on academic performance: An investigation of domestic and international hospitality and tourism undergraduate students. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 25(3), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2013.826946
   Google Scholar
• Lee, M., Lee, J., & Kwon, D. (2015). An empirical study on the factors affecting mobile payment acceptance in Korea. Journal of Global Information Management, 23(1), 33–48.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, W., Su, T., Tian, L., & Huebner, E. S. (2020). Prosocial behavior and subjective well-being in school among elementary school students: The mediating roles of the satisfaction of relatedness needs at school and self-esteem. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(4), 1439–1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11482-020-09826-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W. W., Yu, H., Miller, D. J., Yang, F., & Rouen, C. (2020). Novelty seeking and mental health in Chinese University students before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: A longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 600739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llistosella, M., Castellvi, P., Limonero, J. T., Pérez-Ventana Ortiz, C., Baeza-Velasco, C., & Gutiérrez-Rosado, T. (2022). Development of the individual and environmental resilience model among children, adolescents and young adults using the empirical evidence: An integrative systematic review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(6), e3277–e3299. https://doi.org/10.1111/HSC.13899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomas, J., Claxton, K., Martin, S., & Soares, M. (2018). Resolving the “cost-effective but unaffordable” paradox: estimating the health opportunity costs of nonmarginal budget impacts. Value in Health, 21(3), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVAL.2017.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maga, A., & Nicolau, P. (2018). Conceptualizing educational tourism and the educational tourism potential (evidence from ASEAN countries). Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference “Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges” (CSSDRE 2018). Amstardam, Netharlands.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B., & Kee, Y. (2014). Promoting community wellbeing: The case for lifelong learning for older adults. Adult Education Quarterly, 64(2), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713613513633
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minnaert, L. (2012). Social tourism as opportunity for unplanned learning and behavior change. Journal of Travel Research, 51(5), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287511431324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minton, E. A., Spielmann, N., Kahle, L. R., & Kim, C. H. (2018). The subjective norms of sustainable consumption: A cross-cultural exploration. Journal of Business Research, 82, 400–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2016.12.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitas, O., & Bastiaansen, M. (2018). Novelty: A mechanism of tourists enjoyment. Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai, H., & Kashiwagi, S. (2018). Japanese students on educational tourism: Current trends and challenges. Springer, Singapore. 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8539-0_7
   Google Scholar
• Orden Mejía, M., Carvache-Franco, M., Huertas, A., Carvache-Franco, W., Landeta-Bejarano, N., & Carvache-Franco, O. (2022). Post-COVID-19 tourists’ preferences, attitudes and travel expectations: A study in Guayaquil, Ecuador. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4822. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH19084822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedrosa, A. L., Bitencourt, L., Fróes, A. C. F., Cazumbá, M. L. B., Campos, R. G. B., de Brito, S. B. C. S., & Simões e Silva, A. C. (2020). Emotional, behavioral, and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 566212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitman, T. Broomhall, S. McEwan, J. & Majocha, E.(2010). Adult learning in educational tourism.Australian. Journal of Adult Learning, 50(2), 219–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S. (2016). A2i Program: Vision to Digitalize Bangladesh by Union Digital Center. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Saidur-Rahman/publication/310831302_a2i_Program_Vision_to_Digitalize_Bangladesh_by_Union_Digital_Center/links/58391e7608aed5c6148865d6/a2i-Program-Vision-to-Digitalize-Bangladesh-by-Union-Digital-Center.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M., Mordi, C., & Nwagbara, U. (2018). Factors influencing E-HRM implementation in government organisations: Case studies from Bangladesh. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 31(2), 247–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-05-2017-0066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. S., Osmangani, A., Hassan, M., Anwar, H., Md, A., & Fattah, F. A. M. A. (2016). Consumption values, destination cues and nostalgia on the attitude in the selection of destination for educational tourism: The mediating role of destination image. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-06-2016-0013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, A. M. M. (2018). Resource availability and adjustment of social behaviour influence patterns of inequality and productivity across societies. PeerJ, 6(10), e5488. https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ.5488/SUPP-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadiq, M. A., Rajeswari, B., Ansari, L., & Danish Kirmani, M. (2021). The role of food eating values and exploratory behaviour traits in predicting intention to consume organic foods: An extended planned behaviour approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2020.102352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saladino, V., Algeri, D., & Auriemma, V. (2020). The psychological and social impact of covid-19: New perspectives of well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, S. C., & Liguori, E. W. (2020). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions: Outcome expectations as mediator and subjective norms as moderator. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 26(3), 400–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2019-0436
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders-Hastings, P., Crispo, J. A. G., Sikora, L., & Krewski, D. (2017). Effectiveness of personal protective measures in reducing pandemic influenza transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemics, 20, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2017.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott-Smith, G. (2020). Exchange programs and public diplomacy. Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy, 38–49. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429465543-7
   Google Scholar
• Seow, A. N., & Choong, Y. O. (2021). The effects of implementation intentions on educational tourism: A protection motivation theory approach. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 22(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2021.1950102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, J., Wang, X., & Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2021). The value of firm engagement: How do ratings benefit from managerial responses? Decision Support Systems, 147, 113578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113578
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sie, L., Patterson, I., & Pegg, S. (2015). Towards an understanding of older adult educational tourism through the development of a three-phase integrated framework. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(2), 100–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1021303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sie, L., Phelan, K. V., & Pegg, S. (2018). The interrelationships between self-determined motivations, memorable experiences and overall satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Technology, 9(3), 354–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, M. A. D., Holanda, L. D., Silva, M. A. D., & Leal, S. (2013). Potentiality and limitations of the relationship between tourism and education: A study in elementary education at public schools of Recife and Olinda (Pernambuco, Brazil).
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C., & Jenner, P. (1997). Educational tourism. Travel & Tourism Analyst, (3), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.72.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, M. J., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). The educational benefits of travel experiences: A literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 731–744. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513500588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sujood, N., Hamid, S., & Bano, N. (2022). Behavioral intention of traveling in the period of COVID-19: An application of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and perceived risk. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(2), 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, C. F. (2021). The threshold effects of educational tourism on economic growth. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1694869
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, J. A. C., & Morgan, D. J. (2001). Relevance and quality in Australian tourism higher education. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 1(1), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1300/J172v01n01_06
   Google Scholar
• Tashlai, I., & Ivanov, S. (2014). Educational tourism - the case of eastern European students: Driving forces, consequences, and effects on the tourism industry. Tourism Today (Forthcoming).
   Google Scholar
• Tavitiyaman, P., Zhang, X., & Tsang, W. Y. (2020). How tourists perceive the usefulness of technology adoption in hotels: Interaction effect of past experience and education level. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(1), 64–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1801546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thibaut, J., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. John Wiley. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4m5QDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=rRXPTSaXFN&sig=q7kx3-DDcQpnfRiGw5DjLnSVuw4
   Google Scholar
• Thomas, A., Wee, H., Anuar, F. I., & Aminudin, N. (2021, November). Augmented S-O-R Model on educational tourism in Malaysia: Educational tourist, institutional and destination perspectives. Proceeding For Global Tourism Conference (GTC) 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Tomasi, S., Paviotti, G., & Cavicchi, A. (2020a). Educational tourism and local development: The role of universities. Sustainability, 12(17), 6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12176766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomasi, S., Paviotti, G., & Cavicchi, A. (2020b). Educational tourism and local development: The role of universities. Sustainability, 12(17), 6766. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12176766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran Huy, P., & Dinh, T. N. Q. (2021). Training perception and work engagement: The mediating role of organisational-based self-esteem and self-efficacy. Central European Business Review, 11(2), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.18267/J.CEBR.286
   Google Scholar
• Unguren, E. (2020). Exploring the moderating effect of campus recreation participation on the relationship between education satisfaction and self-esteem. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 27(3), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2020-0014
   Google Scholar
• Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas, S., & Castells, P. (2011). Rank and relevance in novelty and diversity metrics for recommender systems. RecSys’11 - Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1145/2043932.2043955
   Google Scholar
• von Soest, T., Wagner, J., Hansen, T., & Gerstorf, D. (2018). Self-esteem across the second half of life: The role of socioeconomic status, physical health, social relationships, and personality factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(6), 945–958. https://doi.org/10.1037/PSPP0000123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vroom, V. (1964). Work and motivation. Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, J., & Ngara Manyamba, V. (2020). Towards an emotion-focused, discomfort-embracing transformative tourism education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 26, 100213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.100213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L. (2020). Determinants of consumers purchase attitude and intention toward green hotel selection. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(1), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2020.1816241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., & Chen, J. S. (2015). The influence of place identity on perceived tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.02.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., Eldridge, M. A. G., & Richmond, B. J. (2021). Novelty seeking for novelty’s sake. Nature neuroscience, 25(1), 7–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-021-00965-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M. T., & Hofkens, T. L. (2020). Beyond classroom academics: A school-wide and multi-contextual perspective on student engagement in school. Adolescent Research Review, 5(4), 419. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40894-019-00115-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijayawickrama, E. (2020). Promoting peace through tourism. TRIVALENT තිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology, 1(2), 134. https://doi.org/10.4038/TJATA.V1I2.44
   Google Scholar
• Williams, T. A., Zhao, E. Y., Sonenshein, S., Ucbasaran, D., & George, G. (2021). Breaking boundaries to creatively generate value: The role of resourcefulness in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5), 106141. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSVENT.2021.106141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winstone, N. E., Nash, R. A., Rowntree, J., & Parker, M. (2017). ‘It’d be useful, but I wouldn’t use it’: Barriers to university students’ feedback seeking and recipience. Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), 2026–2041. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1130032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollast, R., Schmitz, M., Bigot, A., Luminet, O., & Delcea, C. (2021). The theory of planned behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of health behaviors between Belgian and French residents. Public Library of Science ONE, 16(11), e0258320. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0258320
   Google Scholar
• Worthington, A. K. (2021). Theory of planned behavior. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1191-1
   Google Scholar
• Wright, D. W. M. (2021). Travel and the climate crisis: Exploring COVID-19 impacts and the power of stories to encourage change. Journal of Tourism Futures, 9(1), 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2020-0043
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, X., & Wong, R. M. (2020). Vaccine hesitancy and perceived behavioral control: A meta-analysis. Vaccine, 38(33), 5131–5138. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2020.04.076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, S., Cai, X., & Yuan, Y. (2021, February). The mediating effect of role pressure to tourist participation in educational tourism on tourist satisfaction based on confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing. 2021 2nd International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM), Xiamen, China. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEKIM52309.2021
   Google Scholar
• Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2017). Determinants of consumers’ green purchase behavior in a developing nation: Applying and extending the theory of planned behavior. Ecological Economics, 134, 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.12.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zagonari, F. (2009). Balancing tourism education and training. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(1), 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T., Yin, P., & Peng, Y. (2021). Effect of commercialization on tourists’ perceived authenticity and satisfaction in the cultural heritage tourism context: Case study of Langzhong Ancient City. Sustainability, 13(12), 6847. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13126847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong, Y. Y., Busser, J., Shapoval, V., & Murphy, K. (2021). Hospitality and tourism student engagement and hope during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education, 33(3), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1907197
   Google Scholar
• Zuckerman, M., & Neeb, M. (1979). Sensation seeking and psychopathology. Psychiatry Research, 1(3), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(79)90007-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar