904
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: review with a focus on practice in low- to middle-income countries

&
Pages 48-58 | Received 14 Dec 2018, Accepted 21 Jan 2019, Published online: 22 Mar 2019

References

  • World Bank Atlas method of categorisation of countries and regions based on gross national income per capita. Available from: https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups
  • Yu YR, Rodriguez JR. Clinical presentation of Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis, and indeterminate colitis: symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations, and disease phenotypes. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2017;26:349–355.
  • Benchimol EI, Fortinsky KJ, Gozdyra P, et al. Epidemiology of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of international trends. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:423–439.
  • Rogler G, Zeitz J, Biedermann L. The search for causative environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis. 2016;1:48–55.
  • Yap J, Wesley A, Mouat S, et al. Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in New Zealand. NZ Med J. 2008;121:19–34.
  • Hope B, Shahdadpuri R, Dunne C, et al. Rapid rise in incidence of Irish paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97:590–594.
  • Day AS, Lemberg DA, Gearry RB. Inflammatory bowel disease in Australasian children and adolescents. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2014;2014. DOI:10.1155/2014/703890
  • Lovasz BD, Lakatos L, Horvath A, et al. Incidence rates and disease course of paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in Western Hungary between 1977 and 2011. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46:405–411.
  • Philip M, Augustine P, Thomas V, et al. Multi-center prospective survey of inflammatory bowel diseases in Kerala: more than 2000 cases. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;36:459–467.
  • Ng SC, Tang W, Ching JY, et al. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-Pacific Crohn’s and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:158–165.e2.
  • Van Limbergen J, Russell RK, Drummond HE, et al. Definition of phenotypic characteristics of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1114–1122.
  • Shouval DS, Rufo PA. The role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases: a review. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171:999–1005.
  • Bequet E, Sarter H, Fumery M, et al. Incidence and phenotype at diagnosis of very-early-onset compared with later-onset paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study [1988–2011]. J Crohns Colitis. 2017;11:519–526.
  • Benchimol EI, Bernstein CN, Bitton A, et al. Trends in epidemiology of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Canada: distributed network analysis of multiple population-based provincial health administrative databases. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:1120–1134.
  • Rinawi F, Assa A, Bashir H, et al. Clinical and phenotypic differences in inflammatory bowel disease among Arab and Jewish children in Israel. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62:2095–2101.
  • Lee YA, Chun P, Hwang EH, et al. Clinical features and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn disease in children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2016;19:236–242.
  • Saadah OI, El Mouzan M, Al Mofarreh M, et al. Characteristics of pediatric Crohn’s disease in Saudi children: a multicenter national study. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016;2016. DOI:10.1155/2016/7403129
  • Bernstein CN. Review article: changes in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease-clues for aetiology. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:911–919.
  • Xu L, Lochhead P, Ko Y, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: breastfeeding and the risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:780–789.
  • Berkowitz L, Schultz BM, Salazar GA, et al. Impact of cigarette smoking on gastrointestinal tract inflammation: opposing effects in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol. 2018;9:74.
  • Wang P, Hu J, Ghadermarzi S, et al. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison of China, India, and the USA. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63:2703–2713.
  • Cholapranee A, Ananthakrishnan AN. Environmental hygiene and risk of inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22:2191–2199.
  • Chu KM, Watermeyer G, Shelly L, et al. Childhood helminth exposure is protective against inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study in South Africa. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:614–620.
  • Benchimol EI, Kaplan GG, Otley AR, et al. Rural and urban residence during early life is associated with risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based inception and birth cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:1412–1422.
  • Ortqvist AK, Lundholm C, Halfvarson J, et al. Fetal and early life antibiotics exposure and very early onset inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gut. 2018;10. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314352
  • Frolkis AD, Vallerand IA, Shaheen AA, et al. Depression increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, which may be mitigated by the use of antidepressants in the treatment of depression. Gut. 2018. DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317182
  • Jensen CB, Angquist LH, Mendall MA, et al. Childhood body mass index and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood: a population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113:694–701.
  • Lewis JD, Abreu MT. Diet as a trigger or therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:398–414.
  • Amarapurkar AD, Amarapurkar DN, Rathi P, et al. Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multi-center study. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2018;37. DOI:10.1007/s12664-018-0850-0
  • Nicholson I, Dalzell AM, El-Matary W. Vitamin D as a therapy for colitis: a systematic review. J Crohns Colitis. 2012;6:405–411.
  • Ananthakrishnan AN, Bernstein CN, Iliopoulos D, et al. Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15:39–49.
  • Uhlig HH, Muise AM. Clinical genomics in inflammatory bowel disease. Trends Genet. 2017;33:629–641.
  • Girardelli M, Basaldella F, Paolera SD, et al. Genetic profile of patients with early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gene. 2018;645:18–29.
  • McGovern DP, Kugathasan S, Cho JH. Genetics of inflammatory bowel fiseases. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:1163–1176.
  • de Laffolie J, Id O, Laass MW, et al. Prevalence of anemia in pediatric IBD patients and impact on disease severity: results of the pediatric IBD-registry CEDATA-GPGE®. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2017;2017. DOI:10.1155/2017/8424628
  • Sathiyasekaran M, Bavanandam S, Sankaranarayanan S, et al. A questionnaire survey of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in India. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2014;33:543–549.
  • Buderus S, Scholz D, Behrens R, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric patients: characteristics of newly diagnosed patients from the CEDATA-GPGE registry. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112:121–127.
  • Abraham BP, Mehta S, El-Serag HB. Natural history of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46:581–589.
  • Aziz DA, Moin M, Majeed A, et al. Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: clinical presentation and disease location. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33:793–797.
  • Levine A, Griffiths A, Markowitz J, et al. Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: the Paris classification. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17:1314–1321.
  • Mossotto E, Ashton JJ, Coelho T, et al. Classification of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease using machine learning. Sci Rep. 2017;7:2427.
  • IBD Working. Group of the European society for paediatric gastroenterology hepatology and nutrition. Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: recommendations for diagnosis – the Porto criteria. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41:1–7.
  • Levine A, Koletzko S, Turner D, et al. ESPGHAN revised porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:795–806.
  • de Bie CI, Buderus S, Sandhu BK, et al. Diagnostic role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54:374–380.
  • Castellaneta SP, Afzal NA, Greenberg M, et al. Diagnostic role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;39:257–261.
  • Park JH, Nam HN, Lee JH, et al. Characteristics of upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in Korean pediatric Crohn’s disease: a multicenter study. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2017;20:227–235.
  • Levine A, de Bie CI, Turner D, et al. Atypical disease phenotypes in pediatric ulcerative colitis: 5-year analyses of the EUROKIDS Registry. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:370–377.
  • Takenaka K, Ohtsuka K, Kitazume Y, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance and balloon enteroscopic examination of the small intestine in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology. 2014;147:334–342.
  • Bousvaros A, Antonioli DA, Colletti RB, et al. Differentiating ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease in children and young adults: report of a working group of the North American society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition and the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;44:653–674.
  • Nobile S, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, et al. Mucosal healing in pediatric Crohn’s disease after anti-TNF therapy: a long-term experience at a single centre. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26:458–465.
  • Karstensen JG, Saftoiu A, Brynskov J, et al. Confocal laser endomicroscopy in ulcerative colitis: a longitudinal study of endomicroscopic changes and response to medical therapy (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;84:279–286.
  • Uchida K, Yoshiyama S, Inoue M, et al. Double balloon enteroscopy for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatr Int. 2012;54:806–809.
  • Rosen MJ, Dhawan A, Saeed SA. Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169:1053–1060.
  • Ruemmele FM, Veres G, Kolho KL, et al. Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2014;8:1179–1207.
  • Assa A, Shamir R. Exclusive enteral nutrition for inducing remission in inflammatory bowel disease in paediatric patients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2017;20:384–389.
  • Ezri J, Marques-Vidal P, Nydegger A. Impact of disease and treatments on growth and puberty of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion. 2012;85:308–319.
  • Gasparetto M, Guariso G. Crohn’s disease and growth deficiency in children and adolescents. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:13219–13233.
  • Nuti F, Fiorino G, Danese S. Adalimumab for the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015;11:963–972.
  • Rizzo G, Pugliese D, Armuzzi A, et al. Anti-TNF alpha in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a valid approach for organ-sparing or an expensive option to delay surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:4839–4845.
  • Chande N, Townsend CM, Parker CE, et al. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10:CD000545.
  • Bewtra M, Lewis JD. Update on the risk of lymphoma following immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2010;6:621–631.
  • Kumar NS, Khosla R, Makharia GK. Cyclosporine in steroid refractory acute severe colitis. Trop Gastroenterol. 2014;35:S21–S28.
  • Costa CO, Carrilho FJ, Nunes VS, et al. A snapshot of the nutritional status of Crohn’s disease among adolescents in Brazil: a prospective cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015;15. DOI:10.1186/s12876-015-0403-2
  • Luo Y, Yu J, Lou J, et al. Exclusive enteral nutrition versus infliximab in inducing therapy of pediatric Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2017;2017. DOI:10.1155/2017/6595048
  • Vortia E, Kay M, Wyllie R. The role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in Crohn’s disease: implications for therapeutic use of human growth hormone in pediatric patients. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2011;23:545–551.
  • Karolewska-Bochenek K, Grzesiowski P, Banaszkiewicz A, et al. A two-week fecal microbiota transplantation course in pediatric patients with knflammatory bowel disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1047. DOI:10.1007/5584_2017_123
  • McIlroy JR, Nalagatla N, Hansen R, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a national survey of adult and paediatric gastroenterologists in the UK. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2018;9:250–255.
  • Hyams J, Markowitz J, Otley A, et al. Evaluation of the pediatric crohn disease activity index: a prospective multicenter experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41:416–421.
  • Turner D, Otley AR, Mack D, et al. Development, validation, and evaluation of a pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index: a prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:423–432.
  • Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index and Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index; 2017. Available from: http://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/science-and-professionals/programs-materials/ibd-nurses/best-practices/pediatric-assessment-nov.pdf
  • Barnes BH, Borowitz SM, Saulsbury FT, et al. Discordant erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in children with inflammatory bowel disease taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;38:509–512.
  • Mackner LM, Vannatta K, Crandall WV. Gender differences in the social functioning of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2012;19:270–276.
  • Mackner LM, Bickmeier RM, Crandall WV. Academic achievement, attendance, and school-related quality of life in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012;33:106–111.
  • Mackner LM, Greenley RN, Szigethy E, et al. Psychosocial issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: report of the North American society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56:449–458.
  • Mahlmann L, Gerber M, Furlano RI, et al. Impaired objective and subjective sleep in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease compared to healthy controls. Sleep Med. 2017;39:25–31.
  • Brooks AJ, Smith PJ, Lindsay JO. Monitoring adolescents and young people with inflammatory bowel disease during transition to adult healthcare. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2018;9:37–44.
  • Brooks AJ, Smith PJ, Cohen R, et al. UK guideline on transition of adolescent and young persons with chronic digestive diseases from paediatric to adult care. Gut. 2017;66:988–1000.
  • Stewart D. Surgical care of the pediatric Crohn’s disease patient. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2017;26:373–378.
  • Lourenco R, Azevedo S, Lopes AI. Surgery in pediatric Crohn disease: case series from a single tertiary referral center. GE Port J Gastroenterol. 2016;23:191–196.
  • Ba’ath ME, Mahmalat MW, Kapur P, et al. Surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92:312–316.
  • Molnar T, Farkas K, Nyari T, et al. Response to first intravenous steroid therapy determines the subsequent risk of colectomy in ulcerative colitis patients. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011;20:359–363.
  • Horio Y, Uchino M, Bando T, et al. Rectal-sparing type of ulcerative colitis predicts lack of response to pharmacotherapies. BMC Surg. 2017;17:59.
  • Andrew RE, Messaris E. Update on medical and surgical options for patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis: what is new? World J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;8:598–605.
  • Yanai H, Ben-Shachar S, Mlynarsky L, et al. The outcome of ulcerative colitis patients undergoing pouch surgery is determined by pre-surgical factors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46:508–515.
  • de’Angelis N, Carra MC, Borrelli O, et al. Short- and long-term efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation in Crohn’s disease strictures. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:2660–2667.
  • Singh A, Agrawal N, Kurada S, et al. Efficacy, safety, and long-term outcome of serial endoscopic balloon dilation for upper gastrointestinal Crohn’s disease-associated strictures – a cohort study. J Crohns Colitis. 2017;11:1044–1051.
  • Smith NP, Ba’ath ME, Perry D, et al. BAPS UK inflammatory bowel disease surgical practice survey. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42:296–299.
  • Baillie CT, Smith JA. Surgical strategies in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:6101–6116.
  • Pini-Prato A, Faticato MG, Barabino A, et al. Minimally invasive surgery for paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: personal experience and literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:11312–11320.
  • Ochola S, Masibo PK. Dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries. Ann Nutr Metab. 2014;2:24–40.
  • Albar AA. Permanent diversion stomas: “guidelines for muslim physicians and patients”. J Family Community Med. 1995;2:21–26.
  • Ablution and prayer of a person who had a colostomy surgery. Available from: http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=90768
  • Engstrom I. Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: mental health and family functioning. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999;28:S28–S33.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.