1,511
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Methods and issues in studies of CRE

&
Pages 453-459 | Received 16 May 2016, Accepted 08 Jul 2016, Published online: 13 Aug 2016

References

  • Sievert DM, Ricks P, Edwards JR, Schneider A, Patel J, Srinivasan A, Kallen A, Limbago B, Fridkin S; National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Team and Participating NHSN Facilities. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: Summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centers for disease control and prevention, 2009–2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013; 34(1):1-14; PMID:23221186; https://doi.org/10.1086/668770
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Biggest threats. http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest_threats.html. Accessed 04/14/2015.
  • Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern epidemiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
  • Dohoo I, Martin W, Stryhn H. Methods in epidemiologic research. Prince Edward Island, Canada: VER, Inc; 2012.
  • Harris AD, Samore MH, Lipsitch M, Kaye KS, Perencevich E, Carmeli Y. Control-group selection importance in studies of antimicrobial resistance: Examples applied to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococci, and Escherichia coli. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34(12):1558-63; PMID:12032889; https://doi.org/10.1086/340533
  • Harris AD, Samore MH, Carmeli Y. Control group selection is an important but neglected issue in studies of antibiotic resistance. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133(2):159; PMID:10896645; https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00018
  • Schechner V, Temkin E, Harbarth S, Carmeli Y, Schwaber MJ. Epidemiological interpretation of studies examining the effect of antibiotic usage on resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013; 26(2):289-307. [PMC3623381]; PMID:23554418; https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00001-13
  • Kaye KS, Harris AD, Samore M, Carmeli Y. The case-case-control study design: Addressing the limitations of risk factor studies for antimicrobial resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26(4):346-51; PMID:15865269; https://doi.org/10.1086/502550
  • Gordis L. Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2000.
  • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow H, May S. Applied survival analysis: Regression modeling of time-to-event data. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2008.
  • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2013:528.
  • McGregor JC, Perencevich EN, Furuno JP, Langenberg P, Flannery K, Zhu J, Fink JC, Bradham DD, Harris AD. Comorbidity risk-adjustment measures were developed and validated for studies of antibiotic-resistant infections. J Clin Epidemiol 2006; 59(12):1266-73; PMID:17098569; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.016
  • McGregor JC, Kim PW, Perencevich EN, Bradham DD, Furuno JP, Kaye KS, Fink JC, Langenberg P, Roghmann MC, Harris AD. Utility of the chronic disease score and charlson comorbidity index as comorbidity measures for use in epidemiologic studies of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161(5):483-93; PMID:15718484; https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi068
  • Safdar N, Maki DG. The commonality of risk factors for nosocomial colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus, gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and candida. Ann Intern Med. 2002; 136(11):834-44; PMID:12044132; https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00013
  • Tsiodras S, Pittet D, Carmeli Y, Eliopoulos G, Boucher H, Harbarth S. Clinical implications of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: A study of 69 patients at 2 university hospitals. Scand J Infect Dis 2000; 32(6):651-6; PMID:11200376; https://doi.org/10.1080/003655400459577
  • Marcos M, Inurrieta A, Soriano A, Martínez JA, Almela M, Marco F, Mensa J. Effect of antimicrobial therapy on mortality in 377 episodes of enterobacter spp bacteraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62(2):397-403; PMID:18420813; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkn155
  • Harris AD, Karchmer TB, Carmeli Y, Samore MH. Methodological principles of case-control studies that analyzed risk factors for antibiotic resistance: A systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32(7):1055-61; PMID:11264034; https://doi.org/10.1086/319600
  • Wolkewitz M, Allignol A, Harbarth S, de Angelis G, Schumacher M, Beyersmann J. Time-dependent study entries and exposures in cohort studies can easily be sources of different and avoidable types of bias. J Clin Epidemiol 2012; 65(11):1171-80; PMID:23017635; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.008
  • Beyersmann J, Kneib T, Schumacher M, Gastmeier P. Nosocomial infection, length of stay, and time-dependent bias. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30(3):273-6; PMID:19193018; https://doi.org/10.1086/596020
  • Schumacher M, Allignol A, Beyersmann J, Binder N, Wolkewitz M. Hospital-acquired infections–appropriate statistical treatment is urgently needed! Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42(5):1502-8; PMID:24038717; https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt111
  • De Angelis G, Allignol A, Murthy A, Wolkewitz M, Beyersmann J, Safran E, Schrenzel J, Pittet D, Harbarth S. Multistate modelling to estimate the excess length of stay associated with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and infection in surgical patients. J Hosp Infect 2011; 78(2):86-91; PMID:21481492; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.003
  • Schmoor C, Schumacher M, Finke J, Beyersmann J. Competing risks and multistate models. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19(1):12-21; PMID:23172882; https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1619
  • Greenland S. An introduction to instrumental variables for epidemiologists. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29(4):722-9; PMID:10922351; https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/29.4.722
  • Food and Drug Administration, HHS. International conference on harmonisation; choice of control group and related issues in clinical trials; availability. notice. Fed Regist 2001; 66(93):24390-1; PMID:12356096
  • Sacks H, Chalmers TC, Smith H, Jr. Randomized versus historical controls for clinical trials. Am J Med 1982; 72(2):233-40; PMID:7058834; https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(82)90815-4
  • Patulin Clinical Trials Committee, Medical Research Council. Clinical trial of patulin in the common cold. 1944. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33(2):243-6; PMID:15082620; https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh028
  • Stafford KA, Boutin M, Evans SR, Harris AD. Difficulties in demonstrating superiority of an antibiotic for multidrug-resistant bacteria in nonrandomized studies. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59(8):1142-7. [PMC4271096]; PMID:24982037; https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu486
  • Rosenberger LH, LaPar DJ, Sawyer RG. Infections caused by multidrug resistant organisms are not associated with overall, all-cause mortality in the surgical intensive care unit: The 20,000 foot view. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 214(5):747-55. [PMC3334453]; PMID:22421258; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.01.040
  • Falagas ME, Tansarli GS, Karageorgopoulos DE, Vardakas KZ. Deaths attributable to carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20(7):1170-5. [PMC4073868]; PMID:24959688; https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2007.121004
  • Gehan EA. The evaluation of therapies: Historical control studies. Stat Med 1984; 3(4):315-24; PMID:6528131; https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780030405

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.