References
- Al-Amri, A. S., Mathew, P., Zubairi, Y. Z., & Jani, R. (2020). Optimal standards to measure the quality of higher education institutions in Oman: Stakeholders’ perception. SAGE Open, 10(3), 215824402094744. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020947440
- Al-Amri, A. S., Zubairi, Y. Z., Jani, R., & Naqvi, S. (2021). Evaluation of quality assurance instruments in higher education institutions: A case of Oman. South African Journal of Higher Education, 35(3), 13–28. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-high-v35-n3-a2 https://doi.org/10.20853/35-3-3962
- Al-Balushi, S. M., Al-Harthi, A. S., & Shahat, M. A. (2022). Teacher education in Oman: retrospectives and prospects. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Handbook of research on teacher education (pp. 87–102). Springer.
- Alexopoulos, C., Al-Tamimi, T. A. S., & Saxena, S. (2023). Were the higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Oman ready to face pedagogical challenges during COVID-19? Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-03-2023-0095
- Al-Issa, A. S. (2020). The language planning situation in the Sultanate of Oman. Current Issues in Language Planning, 21(4), 347–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2020.1764729
- Al-Saadi, Z. T. (2023). A review of graduate attributes in the Oman Authority for Academic Accreditation and Quality Assurance of Education (OAAAQAE’s) quality audit reports. Gulf Education and Social Policy Review, 4(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.18502/gespr.v4i1.13808
- Altbach, P. G. (2012). The globalization of college and university rankings. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 44(1), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2012.636001
- Amsler, S. S., & Bolsmann, C. (2012). University ranking as social exclusion. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(2), 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2011.649835
- ASU [A’Sharqiyah University]. (2024). About A’Sharqiyah University. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://www.asu.edu.om/Page/Details/6?About%20A%E2%80%99Sharqiyah%20University.
- Asyad Group. (2024). About Asyad. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://asyad.om/who-we-are/about-asyad
- Aviso, K. B., Demeterio, F. P. A., III, Janairo, J. I. B., Lucas, R. I. G., Promentilla, M. A. B., Tan, R. R., & Yu, D. E. C. (2021). What university attributes predict for graduate employability? Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 2, 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100069
- Bhardwaj, A., & Kumar, M. (2023). The incremental role of higher education in the soft power milieu: Impressions from China and India. International Journal of Chinese Education, 12(1), 2212585X2211449. https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X221144924
- Çakır, M. P., Acartürk, C., Alaşehir, O., & Çilingir, C. (2015). A comparative analysis of global and national university ranking systems. Scientometrics, 103(3), 813–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1586-6
- Charon, A., & Wauters, J.-P. (2008). University ranking: A new tool for the evaluation of higher education in Europe. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 23(1), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm279
- Chaturvedi, R. N. (1986). University Grants Commission–a study of organisational frame. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 32(4), 875–888. https://doi.org/10.1177/00195561198604
- Chen, I.-S., Chen, J.-K., & Padró, F. F. (2017). Critical quality indicators of higher education. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(1–2), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1050178
- Dampier, G. (2021). Adapt and thrive: Student engagement on a business and economics foundation year programme during Covid-19. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 22(22), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi22.757
- Demir, G., Chatterjee, P., & Pamucar, D. (2024). Sensitivity analysis in multi-criteria decision making: A state-of-the-art research perspective using bibliometric analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 237(C), 121660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121660
- Drishti The Vision Foundation. (2023). Institution of eminence scheme. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/institution-of-eminence-scheme-1.
- DU [Dhofar University]. (2024). Profile of Dhofar University. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://www.du.edu.om/profile-of-du
- Easley, J., Strawderman, L., Babski-Reeves, K., Bullington, S., & Smith, B. (2021). Perceived quality factors in higher education. Quality in Higher Education, 27(3), 306–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2021.1909210
- Eltayib, R. A. A., Al-Alawi, K. S., Wirayuda, A. A. B., Al-Azri, M., & Chan, M. F. (2023). The impact of sociodemographic, macroeconomic, and health status and resources determinants on infant mortality rates in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 29(4), 620–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2023.01.008
- Fry, C. V., Lynham, J., & Tran, S. (2023). Ranking researchers: Evidence from Indonesia. Research Policy, 52(5), 104753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104753
- GC [Gulf College]. (2024). About Gulf College. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://gulfcollege.edu.om/about-us.
- Glass, C. R., & Cruz, N. I. (2023). Moving towards multipolarity: Shifts in the core-periphery structure of international student mobility and world rankings (2000–2019). Higher Education, 85(2), 415–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00841-9
- Grewal, R., Dearden, J. A., & Llilien, G. L. (2008). The university rankings game – modeling the competition among universities for ranking. The American Statistician, 62(3), 232–237. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313008X332124
- GUtech [German University of Technology in Oman]. (2024). GUtech at a glance. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://www.gutech.edu.om/about/gutech-at-a-glance.
- Hamann, J., & Ringel, L. (2023). The discursive resilience of university rankings. Higher Education, 86(4), 845–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00990-x
- Hanafi, M. R., & Abuzar, W. (2021). An overview of student enrolment, teaching faculty and student-teacher ratio of private and public universities in Pakistan. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 9(5), 722–737. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss5.3140
- Hudgins, T., Layne, D., Kusch, C. E., & Lounsbury, K. (2023). An analysis of the perceptions of incivility in higher education. Journal of Academic Ethics, 21(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-022-09448-2
- Kwami, U. A., James, O., & Tomsu, U. M. (2023). Compliance of Nigerian colleges of education with The National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) guidelines on teacher-student ratio in Nigerian tertiary institutions. BW Academic Journal, 10, 12–19. https://www.bwjournal.org/index.php/bsjournal/article/view/1453.
- LAS [League of Arab States]. (2023). Main page. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/Pages/Welcome.aspx.
- Lukman, R., Krajnc, D., & Glavič, P. (2010). University ranking using research, educational and environmental indicators. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(7), 619–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.09.015
- Marzouk, O. A. (2007). Globalization and diversity requirement in higher education. In N. Callaos, W. Lesso, C. D. Zinn, H. Yang, S. Szygenda, T. Fujikawa, & P. Longstaff (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI 2007): Vol. III. (pp. 101–106). International Institute of Informatics and Systemics (IIIS).
- Marzouk, O. A. (2021a). Assessment of global warming in Al Buraimi, sultanate of Oman based on statistical analysis of NASA POWER data over 39 years, and testing the reliability of NASA POWER against meteorological measurements. Heliyon, 7(3), E06625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06625
- Marzouk, O. A. (2021b). Lookup tables for power generation performance of photovoltaic systems covering 40 geographic locations (Wilayats) in the Sultanate of Oman, with and without solar tracking, and general perspectives about solar irradiation. Sustainability, 13(23), 13209. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313209.
- Marzouk, O. A. (2022a). Land-use competitiveness of photovoltaic and concentrated solar power technologies near the Tropic of Cancer. Solar Energy, 243, 103–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.07.051
- Marzouk, O. A. (2022b). Tilt sensitivity for a scalable one-hectare photovoltaic power plant composed of parallel racks in Muscat. Cogent Engineering, 9(1), 2029243. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2029243
- Marzouk, O. A. (2023). Zero carbon ready metrics for a single-family home in the Sultanate of Oman based on EDGE Certification System for green buildings. Sustainability, 15(18), 13856. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813856
- Marzouk, O. A. (2024a). Expectations for the role of hydrogen and its derivatives in different sectors through analysis of the four energy scenarios: IEA-STEPS, IEA-NZE, IRENA-PES, and IRENA-1.5 °C. Energies, 17(3), 646. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030646
- Marzouk, O. A. (2024b). Energy generation intensity (EGI) of solar updraft tower (SUT) power plants relative to CSP plants and PV power plants using the new energy simulator “Aladdin”. Energies, 17(2), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020405
- Mishra, S. (2023). Analysis of the National Education Policy 2020 in terms of achieving its goal. Educational Resurgence Journal, 5(2), 49–64. https://coed.dypvp.edu.in/educational-resurgence-journal/documents/january-2023/8.pdf.
- MoHRS [Ministry of Human Resource Development, India]. (2020). National Education Policy 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf.
- Moshtagh, M., Jowkar, T., Yaghtin, M., & Sotudeh, H. (2023). The moderating effect of altmetrics on the correlations between single and multi-faceted university ranking systems: The case of THE and QS vs. nature index and Leiden. Scientometrics, 128(1), 761–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04548-7
- Muralidharan, K., & Singh, A. (2021). India’s new national education policy: Evidence and challenges. Science, 372(6537), 36–38. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf6655
- NUST [National University of Science and Technology]. (2024). Academic ranking & awards overview. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://nu.edu.om/ranking-accreditation/academic-ranking-awards-overview.
- OAAAQA [Oman Authority for Academic Accreditation and Quality Assurance of Education]. (2024). Establishment and responsibilities. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://oaaaqa.gov.om/About-the-OAAA/Establishment-and-Responsibilities.
- OAAAQA [Oman Authority for Academic Accreditation and Quality Assurance of Education]. (2013). Requirements for Oman’s system of quality assurance. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://oaaaqa.gov.om/getattachment/66516266-7fe6-43bd-8fd0-8b0e38b83441/ROSQA%20-%20Requirements%20for%20Oman%60s%20System%20of%20Quality%20Assurance.aspx.
- OAAAQA [Oman Authority for Academic Accreditation and Quality Assurance of Education]. (2023). Programme standards assessment manual (programme accreditation) – version 1 February 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://oaaaqa.gov.om/getattachment/4359b83e-5ab9-4147-8e73-1ff0f9adcfae/Programme%20Standards%20Assessment%20Manual.aspx.
- OAAAQA [Oman Authority for Academic Accreditation and Quality Assurance of Education]. (2016, January). Institutional standards assessment manual – institutional accreditation: Stage 2 – version 1. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://oaaaqa.gov.om/getattachment/c63fde93-150b-430d-a58f-9f68e6dc2390/Institutional%20Standards%20Assessment%20Manual.aspx.
- OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]. (2024a). PISA Test – programme for international student assessment (PISA). Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/test.
- OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]. (2019). Education at a glance database – Figure D2.1. Ratio of students to teaching staff in tertiary education, by type of institution (2017) – version 1 – last updated: 02-Sep-2019. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https://statlinks.oecdcode.org/EDU-2019-3777-EN-G104.XLSX
- OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]. (2021). OECD welcomes Costa Rica as its 38th Member. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/oecd-welcomes-costa-rica-as-its-38th-member.htm.
- OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]. (2024b). List of OECD member countries – ratification of the convention on the OECD. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https://www.oecd.org/about/document/ratification-oecd-convention.htm.
- Opanuga, A. A., Okagbue, H. I., Oguntunde, P. E., Bishop, S. A., & Ogundile, O. P. (2019). Learning analytics: Issues on the pupil-teacher ratio in public primary schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(10), 180–199. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i10.10129
- Pal, T. K., & Santra, S. (2019). Classroom environment and quality delivery in primary education: A study in Muslim majority villages of West Bengal. Think India Journal, 22(14), 49–61. https://thinkindiaquarterly.org/index.php/think-india/article/view/12250.
- Pavel, A.-P. (2015). Global university rankings – a comparative analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00838-2
- Proulx, R. (2007). Higher education ranking and leagues tables: Lessons learned from benchmarking. Higher Education in Europe, 32(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/03797720701618898
- QS [Quacquarelli Symonds Limited]. (2022). Faculty-student ratio – QS Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://support.qs.com/hc/en-gb/articles/360019108240.
- QS [Quacquarelli Symonds Limited]. (2023a). Contact us | Top universities. Retrieved November 14, 2023, from https://www.topuniversities.com/contact-us.
- QS [Quacquarelli Symonds Limited]. (2023b). Data appendix – QS Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://support.qs.com/hc/en-gb/articles/4405027974290-Data-Appendix.
- Qu, L., & Dai, Y. (2024). Education hubs in a globalized world: The emergence of China. International Journal of Educational Development, 104, 102959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102959
- Rawson, T., Doohan, P., Hauck, K., Murray, K. A., & Ferguson, N. (2023). Climate change and communicable diseases in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Epidemics, 42, 100667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100667
- Sadh, R., & Kumar, R. (2022). Dimensional inadequacy of rankings: exploring substantial and meta-quality dimensions for higher educational institutions. Academia, 26, 25–48. https://doi.org/10.26220/aca.3948
- Singh, A. (1984). The Indian University Grants Commission. Higher Education, 13(5), 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00128562
- SQU [Sultan Qaboos University]. (2024). Mission, vision and values. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://www.squ.edu.om/About/Mission-Vision-and-Values.
- SRC [Shanghai Ranking Consultancy]. (2024). Shanghai ranking’s academic ranking of world universities methodology 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2024, from https://www.shanghairanking.com/methodology/arwu/2023.
- SU [Sohar University]. (2024). Vision and mission. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://www.su.edu.om/about-us-1.
- Taylor, P., & Braddock, R. (2007). International university ranking systems and the idea of university excellence. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 29(3), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600800701457855
- THE [Times Higher Education]. (2023). General FAQs | Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://www.timeshighereducation.com/faqs/general-faqs.
- Turner, D. (2005). Benchmarking in universities: league tables revisited. Oxford Review of Education, 31(3), 353–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980500221975
- Udoh, U. S., & Atanda, A. I. (2022). Staff-students’ ratio and education quality of undergraduate programme in the University of Ibadan. African Journal of Educational Research and Development, 13(2), 40–62. http://ajerduniport.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/4.pdf.
- UGC [University Grants Commission]. (2024). Welcome to UGC, New Delhi, India – genesis. Retrieved January 17, 2024, from https://www.ugc.gov.in/Aboutus/Genesis.
- UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]. (2023). Member states. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://www.unesco.org/en/countries.
- UoN [University of Nizwa]. (2024). About the University of Nizwa. Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://www.unizwa.edu.om/index.php?contentid=1.
- Verma, N, & Tripti. (2023). Analysis of National Education Policy 2020 in attaining better performance in HEIs. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 8(3), a431–a437. https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2303044.pdf.
- WBG [World Bank Group]. (2023a). Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary – Arab World, Oman. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRL.TC.ZS?contextual=default&end=2016&locations=1A-OM&start=1977&view=chart.
- WBG [World Bank Group]. (2023b). World development indicators | DataBank. Retrieved November 22, 2023, from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&type=metadata&series=SE.TER.ENRL.TC.ZS.
- Wiechetek, Ł., & Pastuszak, Z. (2022). Academic social networks metrics: An effective indicator for university performance? Scientometrics, 127(3), 1381–1401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04258-6
- Wilbers, S., & Brankovic, J. (2023). The emergence of university rankings: a historical‑sociological account. Higher Education, 86(4), 733–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00776-7
- Yonezawa, A. (2023). Japan’s higher education policies under global challenges. Asian Economic Policy Review, 18(2), 220–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12421