591
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Towards an Understanding of Spirituality in the Context of Nonverbal Autism: A Scoping Review

, &

References

  • Adams, K. (2009). The rise of the child's voice; the silencing of the spiritual voice. Journal of Beliefs & Values: Studies in Religion & Education, 30, 113–122. doi:10.1080/13617670903174991
  • Adams, K., Bull, R., & Maynes, M. (2015). Early childhood spirituality in education: Towards an understanding of the distinctive features of young children's spirituality. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 1–15. doi:10.1080/1350293X.2014.996425
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fifth edition (DSM-5). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Ankenman, K., Elgin, J., Sullivan, K., Vincent, L., & Bernier, R. (2014). Nonverbal and verbal cognitive discrepancy profiles in autism spectrum disorders: Influence of age and gender. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119, 84–99. doi:10.1352/1944-7558-119.1.84
  • Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 19–32. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616
  • Ault, M., Collins, B., & Carter, E. (2013). Factors associated with participation in faith communities for individuals with developmental disabilities and their families. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 17, 184–211. doi:10.1080/15228967.2013.781777
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Autism in Australia, 2012 (Cat. No.4428.0). Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/
  • Bailey, A., Phillips, W., & Rutter, M. (1996). Autism: Towards an integration of clinical, genetic, neuropsychological and neurobiological perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 89–126. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01381.x
  • Baio, J. (2014). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63, 1–21. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov
  • Baldwin, P. J., Evans, J., Etherington, N., Nichols, M., Wright, V., & McDougall, J. (2015). Youth with disabilities talk about spirituality: A qualitative descriptive study. The Qualitative Report, 20, 941–958. Retrieved from http://nsuworks.nova.edu/
  • Barrett, N. (2011). Wuwei and flow: Comparative reflections on spirituality, transcendence, and skill in the Zhuangzi. Philosophy East & West, 61, 679–706. doi:10.1353/pew.2011.0051
  • Bennett, T., Deluca, D., & Allen, R. (1995). Religion and children with disabilities. Journal of Religion and Health, 34, 301–312. doi:10.1007/BF02248739
  • Beringer, A. (2000). In search of the sacred: A conceptual analysis of spirituality. Journal of Experiential Education, 23, 157–165. doi:10.1177/105382590002300307
  • Blumberg, S., Bramlett, M., Kogan, M., Schieve, L., Jones, J., & Lu, M. (2013). Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder in school-aged US children: 2007 to 2011-2012 (National Health Statistics Reports No. 65). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/
  • Bogdashina, O. (2013). Autism and spirituality. London, England: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Brock, B. (2009). Autism, care and Christian hope. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 7–28. doi:10.1080/15228960802581404
  • Brock, B. (2011). Theologizing inclusion: 1 Corinthians 12 and the politics of the body of Christ. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 15, 351–376. doi:10.1080/15228967.2011.620389
  • Bryson, S. (1996). Brief report: Epidemiology of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 165–167. doi: 10.1007/BF02172005
  • Buckle, J. (1993). When is holism not complementary? British Journal of Nursing, 2, 744–745. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
  • Bushnell, P. J. (2013). Special issue: Environmental influences and emerging mechanisms in the etiology of autism. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 36, 1–2. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2013.03.001
  • Campbell, L. H. (2009). Spirituality in holistic art education: Preventing violence among youth in the United States. Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education, 27, 122–131. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.com
  • Campbell, L. H. (2011). Holistic art education: A transformative approach to teaching art. Art Education, 64, 18–24. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.com
  • Cardinal, D. N., & Falvey, M. A. (2014). The maturing of facilitated communication: A means toward independent communication. Research and Practice for Persons With Severe Disabilities, 39, 189–194. doi:10.1177/1540796914555581
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Signs and symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/signs.html
  • Conner, B. T. (2010). Affirming presence: Spiritual life and friendship with adolescents with developmental disabilities. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 15, 331–339. doi:10.1080/1364436X.2010.533479
  • Crisp, B. R. (2008). Social work and spirituality in a secular society. Journal of Social Work, 8, 363–375. doi:10.1177/1468017308094990
  • Crosland, K., & Dunlap, G. (2012). Effective strategies for the inclusion of children with autism in general education classrooms. Behavior Modification, 36, 251–269. doi:10.1177/0145445512442682
  • Curran, I. (2010). Theology as a spiritual discipline. Liturgy, 26(1), 3–10. doi:10.1080/0458063X.2010.519610
  • Dahl, C. (2009). Undergraduate research in the public domain: The evaluation of non-academic sources online. Reference Services Review, 37, 155–163. doi:10.1108/00907320910957198
  • Dearey, P. (2009). Do the autistic have a prayer? Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 40–50. doi:10.1080/15228960802581420
  • Deeley, Q. (2009). Cognitive style, spirituality, and religious understanding: The case of autism. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 77–82. doi:10.1080/15228960802581479
  • de Jager Meezenbroek, E., Garssen, B., van den Berg, M., van Dierendonck, D., Visser, A., & Schaufeli, W. (2012). Measuring spirituality as a universal human experience: A review of spirituality questionnaires. Journal of Religion & Health, 51, 336–354. doi:10.1007/s10943-010-9376-1
  • Deland, J. (1999). Images of God through the lens of disability. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 3, 47–81. doi:10.1300/J095v03n02_06
  • DeWeerdt, S. (2013, September 2). Study of nonverbal autism must go beyond words, experts say. Spectrum. Retrieved from http://sfari.org/news-and-opinion/news/2013/study-of-nonverbal-autism-must-go-beyond-words-experts-say
  • Dubin, N., & Graetz, J. (2009). Through a different lens: Spirituality in the lives of individuals with Asperger's syndrome. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 123, 29–39. doi:10.1080/15228960802505213
  • Eagle, R. (2002). Accessing and assessing intelligence in individuals with lower-functioning autism. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 9, 45–54. Retrieved from http://www.oadd.org/
  • Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y. J., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcin, C, … Fombonne, E. (2012). Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Autism Research, 5, 160–179. doi:10.1002/aur.239
  • Emmons, R. (2005). Striving for the sacred: Personal goals, life meaning and religion. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 731–745. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00429.x
  • Erickson, M. (2013). Christian theology (3rd ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
  • Fisch, G. S. (2012). Nosology and epidemiology in autism: Classification counts. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, 160C, 91–103. doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31325
  • Fleischmann, A., & Fleischmann, C. (2012). Carly's voice. New York, NY: Touchstone.
  • Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research, 65, 591–598. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203
  • Frazier, T. W., Thompson, L., Youngstrom, E. A., Law, P., Hardan, A. Y., Eng, C., & Morris, N. (2014). A twin study of heritable and shared environmental contributions to autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 2013–2025. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2081-2
  • Geiger, M. (2012). Through the eyes of children: Theological lessons with and from children with severe communication disabilities. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 16, 102–113. doi:10.1080/15228967.2012.645615
  • Gerhardt, P. F. (2003). Transition support for learners with Asperger syndrome. In R. W. DuCharme & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Issues in children's and families' lives: Vol. 3. Asperger syndrome. A guide for professionals and families (pp. 157–171). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Giles, D. C. (2014). “DSM-V is taking away our identity”: The reaction of the online community to the proposed changes in the diagnosis of Asperger's disorder. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 18, 179–195. doi:10.1177/1363459313488006
  • Goddard, P., & Goddard, D. (2012). I am intelligent. Guilford, CT: Skirt!
  • Gordon, J. (2009). Is a sense of self essential to spirituality? Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 51–63. doi:10.1080/15228960802581438
  • Gordon, K., Pasco, G., McElduff, F., Wade, A., Howlin, P., & Charman, T. (2011). A communication-based intervention for nonverbal children with autism: What changes? Who benefits? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 447–457. doi:10.1037/a0024379
  • Gottfried, H. (1998). Beyond patriarchy: Theorising gender and class. Sociology, 32, 451–468. doi:10.1177/0038038598032003003
  • Grandin, T. (2011). The way I see it. A personal look at Autism and Asperger's (2nd ed.). Arlington, TX: Future Horizons.
  • Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26, 91–108. doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
  • Gray, G. (2015). Spirituality and occupational therapy. Journal of the National Society of Allied Health, 12, 53–62. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.com
  • Greig, J. R. (2015). “Let the children (with Down syndrome) come to me”: God's Shalom and the radical hospitality of the Church. Journal of Disability & Religion, 19, 50–65. doi:10.1080/23312521.2015.992618
  • Halas, G., Schultz, A. S. H., Rothney, J., Goertzen, L., Wener, P., & Katz, A. (2015). A scoping review protocol to map the research foci trends in tobacco control over the last decade. BMJ Open, 5, e006643. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006643
  • Haynes, K. (2006). Linking narrative and identity construction: Using autobiography in accounting research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 17, 399–418. doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2004.08.005
  • Hertz-Picciotto, I., & Delwiche, L. (2009). The rise in autism and the role of age at diagnosis. Epidemiology, 20, 84–90. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181902d15
  • Howlin, P. (1999). Children with autism and Asperger syndrome. A guide for practitioners and carers. Chichester, England: Wiley.
  • Huels, J. (1984). “Use of reason” and reception of sacraments by the mentally handicapped. The Jurist, 41, 209–219. Retrieved from http://cuapress.cua.edu/journals/jurist.cfm
  • Hurlbutt, K., & Chalmers, L. (2002). Adults with autism speak out: Perceptions of their life experiences. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17, 103–111. doi:10.1177/10883576020170020501
  • Hyman, M. (2009). Standing at Sinai with autism. A young man's Bar Mitzvah journey. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 11, 186–192. doi:10.1177/1098300708329012
  • Jacober, A. (2010). Youth ministry, religious education, and adolescents with disabilities: Insights from parents and guardians. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 14, 167–181. doi:10.1080/15228961003622310
  • Kaye, J., & Raghavan, S. (2002). Spirituality in disability and illness. Journal of Religion & Health, 41, 231–242. doi:10.1023/A:1020284819593
  • Kleinert, H., Sharrard, D., Vallance, M., Ricketts, E., & Farley, J. (2010). Teaching seminary students about faith inclusion for individuals with developmental disabilities: The role of family mentorships. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 14, 6–27. doi:10.1080/15228960903517299
  • Kokanovic, R., & Stone, M. (2010). Doctors and other dangers: Bosnian refugee narratives of suffering and survival in Western Australia. Social Theory & Health, 8, 350–369. doi:10.1057/sth.2010.10
  • Kramer-Mills, H. (2010). Walter's ingress: How a young man transformed a church. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 14, 267–278. doi:10.1080/15228961003622344
  • Kulage, K. M., Smaldone, A. M., & Cohn, E. G. (2014). How will DSM-5 affect autism diagnosis? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 1918–1932. doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2065-2
  • Lai, M-C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). Autism. The Lancet, 383, 896–910. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61539-1
  • Lasalle, J. M. (2013). Epigenomic strategies at the interface of genetic and environmental risk factors for autism. Journal of Human Genetics, 58, 396–401. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.49
  • Lauritsen, M. B. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 37–42. doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0359-5
  • Lepper, T. L., Petursdottir, A. I., & Esch, B. E. (2013). Effects of operant discrimination training on the vocalizations of nonverbal children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 656–661. doi:10.1002/jaba.55
  • Lewis, A. (2009). Methodological issues in exploring the ideas of children with autism concerning self and spirituality. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 64–76. doi:10.1080/15228960802581446
  • Liu, E. X., Carter, E. W., Boehm, T. L., Annandale, N. H., & Taylor, C. E. (2014). In their own words: The place of faith in the lives of young people with autism and intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52, 388–404. doi:10.1352/1934-9556-52.5.388
  • Lord, C., & Paul, R. (1997). Language and communication in autism. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed.) (pp. 195–225). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Ludewig, A. (2006). Leni Riefenstahl's encounter with the Nuba. Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 8, 83–101. doi:10.1080/13698010500515191
  • Malhi, P., & Singhi, P. (2014). A retrospective study of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical and developmental profile. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 17, 25–29. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.128537
  • Marker, C., Weeks, M., & Kraegel, I. (2007). Integrating faith and treatment for children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 26, 112–121. Retrieved from http://caps.net/membership/publications/jpc
  • Mathisen, B., Carey, L. B., Carey-Sargeant, C. L., Webb, G., Millar, C., & Krikheli, L. (2015). Religion, spirituality and speech-language pathology: A viewpoint for ensuring patient-centred holistic care. Journal of Religion & Health, 54, 2309–2323. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0001-1
  • McCravy, S., Johnson, A., Wetsel, M. A., & Konz, L. (2010). Speak the language of autism. The Nurse Practitioner, 35, 26–33. doi:10.1097/01.NPR.0000369939.77975.54
  • McGee, D. (2010). Widening the door of inclusion for children with autism through faith communities. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 14, 279–292. doi:10.1080/15228961003622351
  • McGrath, P., & Newell, C. (2004). The human connection. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 8, 89–103. doi:10.1300/J095v08n01_07
  • McIntosh, M. (1998). Mystical theology. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • McMullen, P. (2000). The gifted side of autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15, 239–242. doi:10.1177/108835760001500414
  • McNair, J. (2008). The indispensable nature of persons with intellectual disabilities to the Church. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 12, 321–329. doi:10.1080/15228960802515618
  • McOmber, A. (2008). A most amazing gift. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 41(4), 191–197. Retrieved from http://www.dialoguejournal.com/
  • Merrick, J., Morad, M., & Levy, U. (2001). Spiritual health and persons with intellectual disability. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 5, 113–121. doi:10.1300/J095v05n02_09
  • Muller, E., Schuler, A., & Yates, G. (2008). Social challenges and supports from the perspective of individuals with Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum disabilities. Autism, 12, 173–190. doi:10.1177/1362361307086664
  • Mundy, C., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1994). Joint attention, developmental level and symptom presentation in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 389–401. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006003
  • Nixon, A. V., Narayanasamy, A., & Penny, V. (2013). An investigation into the spiritual needs of neuro-oncology patients from a nurse perspective. BMC Nursing, 12(2). doi:10.1186/1472-6955-12-2
  • Noens, I. L. J., & van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A. (2005). Captured by details: Sense-making, language and communication in autism. Journal of Communication Disorders, 38, 123–141. doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2004.06.002
  • Norrelgen, F., Fernell, E., Eriksson, M., Hedvall, A., Persson, C., Sjolin, M., … Kjellmer, L. (2015). Children with autism spectrum disorders who do not develop phrase speech in the preschool years. Autism, 19, 934–943. doi:10.1177/1362361314556782
  • Oner, P., Ozgur, O., & Munir, K. (2014). Three-item direct observation screen (TIDOS) for autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 18, 733–742. doi:10.1177/1362361313487028
  • Ousley, O., & Cermak, T. (2014). Autism spectrum disorder: Defining dimensions and subgroups. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1, 20–28. doi:10.1007/s40474-013-0003-1
  • Parner, E. T., Schnedel, D. E., & Thorsen, P. (2008). Autism prevalence trends over time in Denmark. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 162, 1150–1156. doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.12.1150
  • Pasco, G. (2011). The diagnosis and epidemiology of autism. Tizard Learning Disability Review, 16, 5–19. doi:10.1108/13595471111172813
  • Persico, A. M., & Merelli, S. (2014). Environmental factors in the onset of autism spectrum disorder. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1, 8–19. doi:10.1007/s40474-013-0002-2
  • Peters, R. (2009). Self-advocacy through participation in the Lord's supper for persons who are conceptually non-expressive. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 297–310. doi:10.1080/15228960902931913
  • Phelps, K., Hodgson, J., McCammon, S., & Lamson, A. (2009). Caring for an individual with autism disorder: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 34, 27–35. doi:10.1080/13668250802690930
  • Poston, D., & Turnbull, A. (2004). Role of spirituality and religion in family quality of life for families of children with disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 39, 95–108. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/
  • Reynolds, T. E. (2012). Theology and disability: Changing the conversation. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 16, 33–48. doi:10.1080/15228967.2012.645612
  • Rosetti, Z., Ashby, C., Arndt, K., Chadwick, M., & Kasahara, M. (2008). “I like others to not try to fix me”: Agency, independence, and autism. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 46, 364–375. doi:10.1352/2008.46:364–375
  • Rosti, R. O., Sadek, A. A., Vaux, K. K., & Gleeson, J. G. (2014). The genetic landscape of autism spectrum disorders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 56, 12–18. doi:10.1111/dmcn.12278
  • Roth, L. (2013). Autism spectrum disorder (Briefing Paper No. 5/2013). Retrieved from Parliament of New South Wales website: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/
  • Russinova, Z., & Cash, D. (2007). Personal perspectives about the meaning of religion and spirituality among persons with serious mental illnesses. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 30, 271–284. doi:10.2975/30.4.2007.271.284
  • Samuel, G. B. (2009). Autism and mediation: Some reflections. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 85–93. doi:10.1080/15228960802581487
  • Sandiford, G. A., Mainess, K. J., & Daher, N. S. (2013). A pilot study on the efficacy of Melodic Based Communication Therapy for eliciting speech in nonverbal children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 1298–1307. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1672-z
  • Schaap-Jonker, H., Sizoo, B., van Schothorst-van Roekel, J., & Corveleyn, J. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders and the image of God as a core aspect of religiousness. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 23, 145–160. doi:10.1080/10508619.2012.688005
  • Schieve, L. A., Rice, C., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Boyle, C. A., Kogan, M. D., Drews, C., & Devine, O. (2012). Parent-reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in US-born children: An assessment of changes within birth cohorts from the 2003 to the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16, 151–157. doi:10.1007/s10995-012-1004-0
  • Schlosser, R. W., Balandin, S., Hemsley, B., Iacono, T., Probst, P., & von Tetzcher, S. (2014). Facilitated communication and authorship: A systematic review. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 30, 359–368. doi:10.3109/07434618.2014.971490
  • Selway, D., & Ashman, A. (1998). Disability, religion and health: A literature review in search of the spiritual dimensions of disability. Disability & Society, 13, 429–439. doi:10.1080/09687599826722
  • Shogren, K., & Rye, M. (2008). Religion and individuals with intellectual disabilities: An exploratory study of self-reported perspectives. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 9, 29–53. doi:10.1300/J095v09n01_03
  • Simmons, D. R., Robertson, A. E., McKay, L. S., Toal, E., McAleer, P., & Pollick, F. E. (2009). Vision in autism spectrum disorders. Vision Research, 49(22), 2705–2739. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.005
  • Siniscalco, D., Cirillo, A., Bradstreet, J. J., & Antonucci, N. (2013). Epigenetic findings in autism: New perspectives for therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10, 4261–4273. doi:10.3390/ijerph10094261
  • Skinner, D., Correa, V., Skinner, M., & Bailey, D. (2001). Role of religion in the lives of Latino families of young children with developmental delays. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 106, 297–313. doi:10.1352/08958017(2001)106 <0297:RORITL>2.0.CO;2
  • Speraw, S. (2006). Spiritual experiences of parents and caregivers who have children with disabilities or special needs. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 27, 213–230. doi:10.1080/01612840500436974
  • Stillman, W. (2006). Autism and the God connection: Redefining the autistic experience through extraordinary accounts of spiritual giftedness. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks.
  • Sunderland, N., Chenoweth, L., Matthews, N., & Ellem, K. (2015). 1000 voices: Reflective online multimodal narrative inquiry as a research methodology for disability research. Qualitative Social Work, 14, 48–64. doi:10.1177/1473325014523818
  • Swanson, S. (2010). Experiential religion: A faith formation process for children with autism. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 14, 238–255. doi:10.1080/15228961003622393
  • Swinton, J. (1997). Restoring the image: Spirituality, faith, and cognitive disability. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 36, 21–28. doi:10.1023/A:1027484714661
  • Swinton, J. (2001). Spirituality and mental health care: Discovering a forgotten dimension. London, England: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Swinton, J. (2011).Who is the God we worship? Theologies of disability; challenges and new possibilities. International Journal of Practical Theology, 14, 273–307. doi:10.1515/IJPT.2011.020
  • Swinton, J., Mowat, H., & Baines, S. (2011). Whose story am I? Redescribing profound intellectual disability in the Kingdom of God. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 15, 5–19. doi:10.1080/15228967.2011.539337
  • Swinton, J., & Trevett, C. (2009). Religion and autism: Initiating an interdisciplinary conversation. Journal of Religion, Disability and Health, 13, 2–6. doi:10.1080/15228960802606193
  • Tarakeshwar, N., & Pargament, K. I. (2001). Religious coping in families of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 16, 247–260. doi:10.1177/108835760101600408
  • Travers, J. C., Tincani, M. J., & Lang, R. (2014). Facilitated communication denies people with disabilities their voice. Research and Practice for Persons With Severe Disabilities, 39, 195–202. doi:10.1177/1540796914556778
  • Treloar, L. (2002). Disability, spiritual beliefs and the Church: The experiences of adults with disabilities and family members. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40, 594–603. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02417.x
  • Tsai, L. Y. (2000). I learn about autism from my son and people like him. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 15, 202–205. doi:10.1177/108835760001500403
  • Turner, S., Hatton, C., Shah, R., Stansfield, J., & Rahim, N. (2004). Religious expression amongst adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17, 161–171. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2004.00192.x
  • Visuri, I. (2012). Could everyone talk to God? A case study on Asperger's syndrome, religion, and spirituality. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 16, 352–378. doi:10.1080/15228967.2012.731888
  • Vogel, G., & Reiter, S. (2003). Spiritual dimensions of bar/bat Mitzvah ceremonies for Jewish children with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 314–322. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/
  • Vogel, J., Polloway, E., & Smith, D. (2006). Inclusion of people with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities in communities of faith. Mental Retardation, 44, 100–111. doi:10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44 [100:IOPWMR]2.0.CO;2
  • Waltz, M. (2009). From changelings to crystal children: An examination of “New Age” ideas about autism. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 13, 114–128. doi:10.1080/15228960802581511
  • Watson, J. (2001). Ofsted's spiritual dimension: An analytical audit of inspection reports. Cambridge Journal of Education, 31, 205–219. doi: 10.1080/0305764012006146
  • Watts, G. (2011). Intellectual disability and spiritual development. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 36, 234–241. doi:10.3109/13668250.2011.617731
  • Webb-Mitchell, B. (2010). Educating toward full inclusion in the body of Christ: People with disabilities being full members of the Church. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 14, 256–268. doi:10.1080/15228961003622401
  • Webster, J. (2004). Religious education for children with severe learning difficulties: Constructing a framework, finding a medium, exploring a story. Support for Learning, 19, 119–124. doi:10.1111/j.0268-2141.2004.00333.x
  • Weerstra, C. (2011). Special catechism for special kids: Teaching autistic children about God. New York, NY: Schenectady.
  • Whittaker, C. A. (2012). The speech aversion hypothesis has explanatory power in a minimal speech approach to aloof, non-verbal, severe autism. Medical Hypotheses, 78, 15–22. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.09.031
  • Williams, E. (2004). Who really needs a “theory” of mind? An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the autobiographical writings of ten high-functioning individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. Theory & Psychology, 14, 704–724. doi:10.1177/0959354304046180
  • Wilson, C. (2011). Is there a case for community learning disability teams considering the spiritual needs of people with learning disabilities? Tizard Learning Disability Review, 16, 31–40. doi:10.1108/13595471111158675
  • World Health Organization. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders & other developmental disorders. From raising awareness to building capacity (Meeting Report). Retrieved from www.who.int
  • Young-Pelton, C. A., & Doty, D. (2013). Improving educational programs for students with autism in rural schools: A preliminary program description of the Montana Autism Education Project. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 32, 24–32. Retrieved from http://www.proquest.com
  • Zahorodny, W., Shenouda, J., Howell, S., Scotto Rosato, N., Peng, B., & Mehta, U. (2014). Increasing autism prevalence in metropolitan New Jersey. Autism, 18, 117–126. doi:10.1177/1362361312463977
  • Zhang, D., & Rusch, F. (2005). The role of spirituality in living with disabilities. Journal of Religion, Disability & Health, 9, 83–98. doi:10.1300/J095v09n01_06

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.