Proteomics-inspired precision medicine for treating and understanding multiple myeloma

References

• Anderson KC, Carrasco RD. Pathogenesis of myeloma. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:249–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateos MV, Landgren O. MGUS and smoldering multiple myeloma: diagnosis and epidemiology. Cancer Treat Res. 2016;169:3–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma:2018 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(8):981–1114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Remstein ED, Therneau TM, et al. Clinical course and prognosis of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(25):2582–2590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(12):e538–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajan AM, Rajkumar SV. Interpretation of cytogenetic results in multiple myeloma for clinical practice. Blood Cancer J. 2015;5:e365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan GJ, Walker BA, Davies FE. The genetic architecture of multiple myeloma. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012;12(5):335–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guang MHZ, McCann A, Bianchi G, et al. Overcoming multiple myeloma drug resistance in the era of cancer ‘omics’. Leuk Lymphoma. 2018;59(3):542–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson KC. Progress and paradigms in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(22):5419–5427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008;111(6):2962–2972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le GN, Bones J, Coyne M, et al. Current and future biomarkers for risk-stratification and treatment personalisation in multiple myeloma. Mol Omics. 2019;15(1):7–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durie BG, Hoering A, Abidi MH, et al. Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10068):519–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar SK, Lee JH, Lahuerta JJ, et al. Risk of progression and survival in multiple myeloma relapsing after therapy with IMiDs and bortezomib: a multicenter international Myeloma Working Group study. Leukemia. 2012;26(1):149–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdi J, Chen G, Chang H. Drug resistance in multiple myeloma: latest findings and new concepts on molecular mechanisms. Oncotarget. 2013;4(12):2186–2207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Carter S, et al. Widespread genetic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: implications for targeted therapy. Cancer Cell. 2014;25(1):91–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kint N, Vlayen S, Delforge M. The treatment of multiple myeloma in an era of precision medicine. Expert Rev Precis Med Drug Dev. 2019;4(3):153–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corre J, Cleynen A, Robiou Du Pont S, et al. Multiple myeloma clonal evolution in homogeneously treated patients. Leukemia. 2018;32(12):2636–2647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nooka AK, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA, et al. Treatment options for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015;125(20):3085–3099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldschmidt H, Weisel KC, Vellenga E, et al. Bortezomib before and after high-dose therapy in myeloma: long-term results from the phase III HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 trial. Leukemia. 2018;32(2):383–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanamura I, Stewart JP, Huang Y, et al. Frequent gain of chromosome band 1q21 in plasma-cell dyscrasias detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization: incidence increases from MGUS to relapsed myeloma and is related to prognosis and disease progression following tandem stem-cell transplantation. Blood. 2006;108(5):1724–1732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca R, Bergsagel PL, Drach J, et al. International Myeloma Working Group molecular classification of multiple myeloma: spotlight review. Leukemia. 2009;23(12):2210–2221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avet-Loiseau H, Leleu X, Roussel M, et al. Bortezomib plus dexamethasone induction improves outcome of patients with t(4;14) myeloma but not outcome of patients with del(17p). J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(30):4630–4634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosinol L, Oriol A, Teruel AI, et al. Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA/GEM study. Blood. 2012;120(8):1589–1596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reece D, Song KW, Fu T, et al. Influence of cytogenetics in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone: adverse effect of deletion 17p13. Blood. 2009;114(3):522–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaksic W, Trudel S, Chang H, et al. Clinical outcomes in t(4;14) multiple myeloma: a chemotherapy-sensitive disease characterized by rapid relapse and alkylating agent resistance. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(28):7069–7073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV. Myeloma today: disease definitions and treatment advances. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(1):90–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durie BG, Salmon SE. A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. Correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment, and survival. Cancer. 1975;36(3):842–854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greipp PR, Miguel JS, Durie BGM, et al. International staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3412–3420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hari PN, Zhang M-J, Roy V, et al. Is the International staging system superior to the Durie-Salmon staging system? A comparison in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous transplant. Leukemia. 2009;23(8):1528–1534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Avet-Loiseau H, Oliva S, et al. Revised international staging system for multiple myeloma: a report from international Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(26):2863–2869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dispenzieri A, Rajkumar SV, Gertz MA, et al. Treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma based on Mayo Stratification of Myeloma and risk-adapted Therapy (mSMART): consensus statement. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82(3):323–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussel M, Lauwers-Cances V, Robillard N, et al. Front-line transplantation program with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination as induction and consolidation followed by lenalidomide maintenance in patients with multiple myeloma: a phase II study by the Intergroupe francophone du myelome. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(25):2712–2717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landgren O, Kyle RA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study. Blood. 2009;113(22):5412–5417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss BM, Abadie J, Verma P, et al. A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients. Blood. 2009;113(22):5418–5422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Therneau TM, et al. Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood. 2005;106(3):812–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turesson I, Kovalchik SA, Pfeiffer RM, et al. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and risk of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies: 728 cases followed up to 30 years in Sweden. Blood. 2014;123(3):338–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolli N, Maura F, Minvielle S, et al. Genomic patterns of progression in smoldering multiple myeloma. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):3363.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lonial S, et al. E3A06: randomized phase III trial of lenalidomide versus observation alone in patients with asymptomatic high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl): 8001–8001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateos MV, Hernández MT, Giraldo P, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):438–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Persona E, Vidriales M-B, Mateo G, et al. New criteria to identify risk of progression in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and smoldering multiple myeloma based on multiparameter flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow plasma cells. Blood. 2007;110(7):2586–2592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Mateos MV. Smoldering multiple myeloma. Blood. 2015;125(20):3069–3075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherry BM, Rosiñol L, Oriol A, et al. Modeling progression risk for smoldering multiple myeloma: results from a prospective clinical study. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013;54(10):2215–2218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miguel JS, Mateos MV, Gonzalez V, et al. Updated risk stratification model for smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) incorporating the revised IMWG diagnostic criteria. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15_suppl): 8000–8000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakshman A, Rajkumar SV, Buadi FK, et al. Risk stratification of smoldering multiple myeloma incorporating revised IMWG diagnostic criteria. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(6):59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnidge DR, Tschumper RC, Theis JD, et al. Monitoring M-proteins in patients with multiple myeloma using heavy-chain variable region clonotypic peptides and LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res. 2014;13(4):1905–1910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills JR, Kohlhagen MC, Dasari S, et al. Comprehensive assessment of M-proteins using nanobody enrichment coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2016;62(10):1334–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milani P, Murray DL, Barnidge DR, et al. The utility of MASS-FIX to detect and monitor monoclonal proteins in the clinic. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(8):772–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoren KL. Mass spectrometry methods for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma minimal residual disease. Semin Hematol. 2018;55(1):41–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lokhorst HM, Plesner T, Laubach JP, et al. Targeting CD38 with daratumumab monotherapy in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1207–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonial S, Weiss BM, Usmani SZ, et al. Daratumumab monotherapy in patients with treatment-refractory multiple myeloma (SIRIUS): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1551–1560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimopoulos MA, Oriol A, Nahi H, et al. Daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(14):1319–1331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, Chanan-Khan A, Weisel K, et al. Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(8):754–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chari A, Suvannasankha A, Fay JW, et al. Daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2017;130(8):974–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facon T, Kumar S, Plesner T, et al. Daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(22):2104–2115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateos MV, Dimopoulos MA, Cavo M, et al. Daratumumab plus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone for untreated myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(6):518–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreau P, Attal M, Hulin C, et al. Bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone with or without daratumumab before and after autologous stem-cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (CASSIOPEIA): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2019;394(10192):29–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murata K, McCash SI, Carroll B, et al. Treatment of multiple myeloma with monoclonal antibodies and the dilemma of false positive M-spikes in peripheral blood. Clin Biochem. 2018;51:66–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willrich MA, Ladwig PM, Andreguetto BD, et al. Monoclonal antibody therapeutics as potential interferences on protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(6):1085–1093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang F, Malek E, Math S, et al. Interference of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with routine serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation in patients with myeloma: frequency and duration of detection of daratumumab and elotuzumab. Am J Clin Pathol. 2018;150(2):121–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore LM, Cho S, Thoren KL. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry distinguishes daratumumab from M-proteins. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;492:91–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCudden C, Axel AE, Slaets D, et al. Monitoring multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab: teasing out monoclonal antibody interference. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(6):1095–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caillon H, Irimia A, Simon JS, et al. Overcoming the interference of daratumumab with immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) using an industry-developed dira test: hydrashift 2/4 daratumumab. Blood. 2016;128(22): 2063–2063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunacheewa C, Lin P, Manasanch EE. Minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma 2019. Adv Cell Gene Ther. 2020;3(1):e71.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Paiva B, Anderson KC, et al. International Myeloma Working Group consensus criteria for response and minimal residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(8):e328–e346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahuerta JJ, Paiva B, Vidriales M-B, et al. Depth of response in multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis of three PETHEMA/GEM clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(25):2900–2910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukumoto K, Fujisawa M, Suehara Y, et al. Prognostic impact of immunophenotypic complete response in patients with multiple myeloma achieving better than complete response. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57(8):1786–1792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paiva B, Martinez-Lopez J, Vidriales M-B, et al. Comparison of immunofixation, serum free light chain, and immunophenotyping for response evaluation and prognostication in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(12):1627–1633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawstron AC, Davies FE, DasGupta R, et al. Flow cytometric disease monitoring in multiple myeloma: the relationship between normal and neoplastic plasma cells predicts outcome after transplantation. Blood. 2002;100(9):3095–3100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedin A, Lenhoff S, Olofsson T, et al. Clinical utility of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement identification for tumour cell detection in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 1998;103(4):1145–1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landgren O, Rustad EH. Meeting report: advances in minimal residual disease testing in multiple myeloma 2018. Adv cell Gene Ther. 2019;2(1):e26.
   Google Scholar
• Ghai A, Maji D, Cho N, et al. Preclinical development of CD38-targeted [Zr]Zr-DFO-daratumumab for imaging multiple myeloma. J Nucl Med. 2018;59(2):216–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailly C, Gouard S, Guérard F, et al. What is the best radionuclide for immuno-PET of multiple myeloma? A comparison study between (89)Zr- and (64)Cu-Labeled Anti-CD138 in a Preclinical syngeneic model. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(10):2564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulaner G, Sobol N, O’Donoghue J, et al. Preclinical development and first-in-human imaging of 89Zr-Daratumumab for CD38 targeted imaging of myeloma. J Nucl Med. 2019;60(supplement 1):203.
   Google Scholar
• Caserta E, Chea J, Minnix M, et al. Copper 64-labeled daratumumab as a PET/CT imaging tracer for multiple myeloma. Blood. 2018;131(7):741–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plesner T, Krejcik J. Daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijhof IS, Casneuf T, van Velzen J, et al. CD38 expression and complement inhibitors affect response and resistance to daratumumab therapy in myeloma. Blood. 2016;128(7):959–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N, Agrawal N, Mehta A, et al. CD38-negative myeloma with anaplastic morphology at presentation: a case report. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2018;34(2):362–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minarik J, Novak M, Flodr P, et al. CD38-negative relapse in multiple myeloma after daratumumab-based chemotherapy. Eur J Haematol. 2017;99(2):186–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mykytiv V, Alwaheed A, Mohd Hashim NA. Double CD38(-)/CD138(-) negative multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2019;12(1):64–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnidge DR, Dasari S, Botz CM, et al. Using mass spectrometry to monitor monoclonal immunoglobulins in patients with a monoclonal gammopathy. J Proteome Res. 2014;13(3):1419–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills JR, Barnidge DR, Dispenzieri A, et al. High sensitivity blood-based M-protein detection in sCR patients with multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J. 2017;7(8):e590.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bergen HR 3rd, Dasari S, Dispenzieri A, et al. Clonotypic light chain peptides identified for monitoring minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma without bone marrow aspiration. Clin Chem. 2016;62(1):243–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köcher T, Superti-Furga G. Mass spectrometry–based functional proteomics: from molecular machines to protein networks. Nat Methods. 2007;4(10):807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonial S, Nooka AK. Myeloma is not a single disease. J Oncol Pract. 2016;12(4):287–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guang MHZ, Kavanagh EL, Dunne LP, et al. Targeting proteotoxic stress in cancer: a review of the role that protein quality control pathways play in oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(1):66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrels JI. Proteome. In: Brenner S, Miller JH, editors. Encyclopedia of genetics. New York: Academic Press; 2001. p. 1575–1578.
   Google Scholar
• Zybailov BL, Byrd AK, Glazko GV, et al. Protein-protein interaction analysis for functional characterization of helicases. Methods. 2016;108:56–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes S, Malacrida B, Kiely M, et al. Studying protein-protein interactions: progress, pitfalls and solutions. Biochem Soc Trans. 2016;44(4):994–1004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ge F, Li W-L, Bi L-J, et al. Identification of novel 14-3-3ζ interacting proteins by quantitative immunoprecipitation combined with knockdown (QUICK). J Proteome Res. 2010;9(11):5848–5858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu YX, Braggio E, Shi C-X, et al. Identification of cereblon-binding proteins and relationship with response and survival after IMiDs in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2014;124(4):536–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronke J, Udeshi ND, Narla A, et al. Lenalidomide causes selective degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in multiple myeloma cells. Science. 2014;343(6168):301–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter GE, Buckley DL, Paulk J, et al. DRUG DEVELOPMENT. Phthalimide conjugation as a strategy for in vivo target protein degradation. Science. 2015;348(6241):1376–1381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge F, Xiao C-L, Yin X-F, et al. Phosphoproteomic analysis of primary human multiple myeloma cells. J Proteomics. 2010;73(7):1381–1390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge F, et al. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of proteasome inhibition in multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One. 2010;5(9):e13095.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St-Germain JR, Taylor P, Tong J, et al. Multiple myeloma phosphotyrosine proteomic profile associated with FGFR3 expression, ligand activation, and drug inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(47):20127–20132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollett JB, Trudel S, Stern D, et al. Overexpression of the myeloma-associated oncogene fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 confers dexamethasone resistance. Blood. 2002;100(10):3819–3821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin LL, Tong J, Prakash A, et al. Measurement of protein phosphorylation stoichiometry by selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res. 2010;9(5):2752–2761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z-W, Sanchez E, Wang C, et al. Synergistic anti-myeloma effects of the lyn kinase inhibitor INNO-406 in combination with doxorubicin, melphalan and bortezomib. Blood. 2010;116(21): 5015–5015.
   Google Scholar
• Lin Y-HT, Way GP, Barwick BG, et al. Integrated phosphoproteomics and transcriptional classifiers reveal hidden RAS signaling dynamics in multiple myeloma. Blood adv. 2019;3(21):f3214–322.
   Google Scholar
• Kobata A, Amano J. Altered glycosylation of proteins produced by malignant cells, and application for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of tumours. Immunol Cell Biol. 2005;83(4):429–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidarsson G, Dekkers G, Rispens T. IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. Front Immunol. 2014;5:520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shields RL, Lai J, Keck R, et al. Lack of fucose on human IgG1 N-linked oligosaccharide improves binding to human FcγRIII and antibody-dependent cellular toxicity. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(30):26733–26740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Bovenkamp FS, Hafkenscheid L, Rispens T, et al. The emerging importance of IgG fab glycosylation in immunity. J Immunol. 2016;196(4):1435–1441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming SC, Smith S, Knowles D, et al. Increased sialylation of oligosaccharides on IgG paraproteins–a potential new tumour marker in multiple myeloma. J Clin Pathol. 1998;51(11):825–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aurer I, Lauc G, Dumić J, et al. Aberrant glycosylation of Igg heavy chain in multiple myeloma. Coll Antropol. 2007;31(1):247–251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen J, Fang M, Zhao Y-P, et al. Serum N-glycans: a new diagnostic biomarker for light chain multiple myeloma. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0127022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittermayr S, Lê GN, Clarke C, et al. Polyclonal immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation in the pathogenesis of plasma cell disorders. J Proteome Res. 2017;16(2):748–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azab AK, Quang P, Azab F, et al. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand regulates the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the bone marrow microenvironment. Blood. 2012;119(6):1468–1478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glavey SV, Manier S, Natoni A, et al. The sialyltransferase ST3GAL6 influences homing and survival in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2014;124(11):1765–1776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glavey S, Wu P, Murillo LS, et al. Low expression of the FUCA1 gene is an adverse prognostic factor in myeloma and combined with high sialyltransferase gene expression identifies patients at increased risk of early disease progression and death. Blood. 2013;122(21): 1864–1864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swatek KN, Komander D. Ubiquitin modifications. Cell Res. 2016;26(4):399–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia H, Liu C, Ge F, et al. Identification of ubiquitinated proteins from human multiple myeloma U266 cells by proteomics. Biomed Environ Sci. 2011;24(4):422–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian Y, CHEN Y, GENG C, et al. Target and resistance-related proteins of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on myeloma cell lines. Biomed Rep. 2016;4(6):723–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitsiades CS, Treon SP, Mitsiades N, et al. TRAIL/Apo2L ligand selectively induces apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma: therapeutic applications. Blood. 2001;98(3):795–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishida T. Therapeutic antibodies for multiple myeloma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2018;48(11):957–963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Susanibar Adaniya SP, Cohen AD, Garfall AL. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy for multiple myeloma: A review of current data and potential clinical applications. Am J Hematol. 2019;94(S1):S28–S33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa F, Das R, Kini Bailur J, et al. Checkpoint inhibition in myeloma: opportunities and challenges. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah LN, Chow EK-H. Mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Med. 2013;2(1):3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Micallef J, Taccone M, Mukherjee J, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-induced glioma invasion is mediated through myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate overexpression. Cancer Res. 2009;69(19):7548–7556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham J, Salama NN, Azab AK. The role of P-glycoprotein in drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(1):26–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan S, Tan HT, Chung MC. Membrane proteins and membrane proteomics. Proteomics. 2008;8(19):3924–3932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Z, Gunaratne J, Cheong LL, et al. Plasma membrane proteomics identifies biomarkers associated with MMSET overexpression in T(4;14) multiple myeloma. Oncotarget. 2013;4(7):1008–1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniwaki M, Yoshida M, Matsumoto Y, et al. Elotuzumab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, with special reference to its modes of action and SLAMF7 signaling. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2018;10(1):e2018014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cosemans C, Oben B, Arijs I, et al. Prognostic biomarkers in the progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma: a systematic review. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018;18(4):235–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kate Sasser T, Casneuf T, Amaratunga D, et al. Development of a serum biomarker panel that predicts imminent risk of multiple myeloma (MM) progression from premalignancy. Blood. 2013;122(21): 3115–3115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glavey SV, Naba A, Manier S, et al. Proteomic characterization of human multiple myeloma bone marrow extracellular matrix. Leukemia. 2017;31(11):2426–2434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zingone A, Wang W, Corrigan-Cummins M, et al. Altered cytokine and chemokine profiles in multiple myeloma and its precursor disease. Cytokine. 2014;69(2):294–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mailankody S, Devlin SM, Korde N, et al. Proteomic profiling in plasma cell disorders: a feasibility study. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;58(7):1757–1759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao CL, Zhang Z-P, Xiong S, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis to discover potential therapeutic targets in human multiple myeloma. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2009;3(11):1348–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang QT, Li Y-Z, Liang Y-F, et al. Construction of a multiple myeloma diagnostic model by magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of serum and pattern recognition software. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2009;292(4):604–610.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steiner N, Müller U, Hajek R, et al. The metabolomic plasma profile of myeloma patients is considerably different from healthy subjects and reveals potential new therapeutic targets. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0202045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon YW, Hajjar J, Hwu P, et al. Targeting the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway in cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2015;3:51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson TS, Munn DH. Host indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: contribution to systemic acquired tumor tolerance. Immunol Invest. 2012;41(6–7):765–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai J, Yang Y, Wang J, et al. Variability of serum novel serum peptide biomarkers correlates with the disease states of multiple myeloma. Clin Proteomics. 2019;16(1):17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung N, Bridoux F, Batuman V, et al. The evaluation of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a consensus report of the international kidney and monoclonal gammopathy research group. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019;15(1):45–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SJ, Chen H-P, Chen Y-H, et al. Renal involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: proven by renal biopsy. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e95190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poitou-Verkinder AL, Francois A, Drieux F, et al. The spectrum of kidney pathology in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma: a 25-year multicenter experience. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da’as N, Polliack A, Cohen Y, et al. Kidney involvement and renal manifestations in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study in 700 patients. Eur J Haematol. 2001;67(3):158–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luciano RL, Brewster UC. Kidney involvement in leukemia and lymphoma. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014;21(1):27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audard V, Georges B, Vanhille P, et al. Renal lesions associated with IgM-secreting monoclonal proliferations: revisiting the disease spectrum. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(5):1339–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chauvet S, Bridoux F, Ecotière L, et al. Kidney diseases associated with monoclonal immunoglobulin M-secreting B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: a case series of 35 patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(5):756–767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos JM, Gustine J, Rennke HG, et al. Renal disease related to Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia: incidence, pathology and clinical outcomes. Br J Haematol. 2016;175(4):623–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar SV. Updated diagnostic criteria and staging system for multiple myeloma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2016;36:e418–e423.
   Google Scholar
• Kyle RA, Gertz MA. Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol. 1995;32(1):45–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vela-Ojeda J, García-Ruiz Esparza MA, Padilla-González Y, et al. Multiple myeloma-associated amyloidosis is an independent high-risk prognostic factor. Ann Hematol. 2009;88(1):59–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechalekar AD, Gillmore JD, Hawkins PN. Systemic amyloidosis. Lancet. 2016;387(10038):2641–2654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechalekar AD. Biomarkers in AL amyloidosis: is the summit in sight? Blood. 2018;131(14):1502–1503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, et al. Revised prognostic staging system for light chain amyloidosis incorporating cardiac biomarkers and serum free light chain measurements. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(9):989–995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristen AV, Brokbals E, Aus Dem Siepen F, et al. Cardiac amyloid load: a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with light-chain amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(1):13–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D, Lee GY, Choi J-O, et al. Prognostic values of novel biomarkers in patients with AL amyloidosis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramirez-Alvarado M, Barnidge DR, Murray DL, et al. Assessment of renal response with urinary exosomes in patients with AL amyloidosis: A proof of concept. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(6):536–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourelis T, Murray DL, Dasari S, et al. MASS-FIX may allow identification of patients at risk for light chain amyloidosis before the onset of symptoms. Am J Hematol. 2018;93(11):E368–E370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omtvedt LA, Bailey D, Renouf DV, et al. Glycosylation of immunoglobulin light chains associated with amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2000;7(4):227–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour A, Wakkach A, Blin-Wakkach C. Emerging roles of osteoclasts in the modulation of bone microenvironment and immune suppression in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol. 2017;8:954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corso A, Arcaini L, Mangiacavalli S, et al. Biochemical markers of bone disease in asymptomatic early stage multiple myeloma. A study on their role in identifying high risk patients. Haematologica. 2001;86(4):394–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakob C, Zavrski I, Heider U, et al. Bone resorption parameters [carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP), amino-terminal collagen type-I telopeptide (NTx), and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd)] in MGUS and multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 2002;69(1):37–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abildgaard N, Brixen K, Kristensen JE, et al. Comparison of five biochemical markers of bone resorption in multiple myeloma: elevated pre-treatment levels of S-ICTP and U-Ntx are predictive for early progression of the bone disease during standard chemotherapy. Br J Haematol. 2003;120(2):235–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakob C, Sterz J, Liebisch P, et al. Incorporation of the bone marker carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen improves prognostic information of the international staging system in newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2008;22(9):1767–1772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schütt P, Rebmann V, Brandhorst D, et al. The clinical significance of soluble human leukocyte antitgen class-I, ICTP, and RANKL molecules in multiple myeloma patients. Hum Immunol. 2008;69(2):79–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel CG, Yee AJ, Scullen TA, et al. Biomarkers of bone remodeling in multiple myeloma patients to tailor bisphosphonate therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(15):3955–3961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin JH. Bisphosphonates: a review of their pharmacokinetic properties. Bone. 1996;18(2):75–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya S, Epstein J, Suva LJ. Biomarkers that discriminate multiple myeloma patients with or without skeletal involvement detected using SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry and statistical and machine learning tools. Dis Markers. 2006;22(4):245–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling P, Hayes C, Ting K, et al. Identification of proteins found to be significantly altered when comparing the serum proteome from multiple myeloma patients with varying degrees of bone disease. BMC Genomics. 2014;15:904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Chen Y, Saha MN, et al. Targeting phospho-MARCKS overcomes drug-resistance and induces antitumor activity in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2015;29(3):715–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ting KR, Henry M, Meiller J, et al. Novel panel of protein biomarkers to predict response to bortezomib-containing induction regimens in multiple myeloma patients. BBA Clin. 2017;8:28–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh FY, Tengstrand E, Pekol TM, et al. Elucidation of potential bortezomib response markers in mutliple myeloma patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009;49(1):115–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dytfeld D, Luczak M, Wrobel T, et al. Comparative proteomic profiling of refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma reveals biomarkers involved in resistance to bortezomib-based therapy. Oncotarget. 2016;7(35):56726–56736.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho M, Chen T, Liu J, et al. Targeting histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the bone marrow microenvironment inhibits multiple myeloma proliferation by modulating exosomes and IL-6 trans-signaling. Leukemia. 2020;34(1):196–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frassanito MA, De Veirman K, Desantis V, et al. Halting pro-survival autophagy by TGFbeta inhibition in bone marrow fibroblasts overcomes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma patients. Leukemia. 2016;30(3):640–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones DR, Wu Z, Chauhan D, et al. A nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry approach for global metabolomic profiling and case study on drug-resistant multiple myeloma. Anal Chem. 2014;86(7):3667–3675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiso P, Huynh D, Moschetta M, et al. Metabolic signature identifies novel targets for drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res. 2015;75(10):2071–2082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajpal R, Dowling P, Meiller J, et al. A novel panel of protein biomarkers for predicting response to thalidomide-based therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Proteomics. 2011;11(8):1391–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou N, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Zheng XY, et al. RUNX proteins desensitize multiple myeloma to lenalidomide via protecting IKZFs from degradation. Leukemia. 2019;33(8):2006–2021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees-Unwin KS, Craven RA, Davenport E, et al. Proteomic evaluation of pathways associated with dexamethasone-mediated apoptosis and resistance in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2007;139(4):559–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harshman SW, Canella A, Ciarlariello PD, et al. Proteomic characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles identifies novel serum myeloma associated markers. J Proteomics. 2016;136:89–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertweck MK, Erdfelder F, Kreuzer KA. CD44 in hematological neoplasias. Ann Hematol. 2011;90(5):493–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohwada C, Nakaseko C, Koizumi M, et al. CD44 and hyaluronan engagement promotes dexamethasone resistance in human myeloma cells. Eur J Haematol. 2008;80(3):245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harshman SW, Canella A, Ciarlariello PD, et al. Characterization of multiple myeloma vesicles by label-free relative quantitation. Proteomics. 2013;13(20):3013–3029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moschetta M, Basile A, Ferrucci A, et al. Novel targeting of phospho-cMET overcomes drug resistance and induces antitumor activity in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(16):4371–4382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zub KA, Sousa MMLD, Sarno A, et al. Modulation of cell metabolic pathways and oxidative stress signaling contribute to acquired melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge F, Lu XP, Zeng HL, et al. Proteomic and functional analyses reveal a dual molecular mechanism underlying arsenic-induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells. J Proteome Res. 2009;8(6):3006–3019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Huang R, Ding J, et al. Multiple myeloma acquires resistance to EGFR inhibitor via induction of pentose phosphate pathway. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):9925.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caron M, Choquet-Kastylevsky G, Joubert-Caron R. Cancer immunomics using autoantibody signatures for biomarker discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007;6(7):1115–1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura Y, Tomita Y, Yuno A, et al. Cancer immunotherapy using novel tumor-associated antigenic peptides identified by genome-wide cDNA microarray analyses. Cancer Sci. 2015;106(5):505–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mu B, Zhang H, Cai X, et al. Screening of multiple myeloma by polyclonal rabbit anti-human plasmacytoma cell immunoglobulin. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e59117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Sousa KP, Doolan DL. Immunomics: a 21st century approach to vaccine development for complex pathogens. Parasitology. 2016;143(2):236–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gfeller D, Bassani-Sternberg M, Schmidt J, et al. Current tools for predicting cancer-specific T cell immunity. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5(7):e1177691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichinohe T, Miyama T, Kawase T, et al. Next-generation immune repertoire sequencing as a clue to elucidate the landscape of immune modulation by host-gut microbiome interactions. Front Immunol. 2018;9:668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walz S, Stickel JS, Kowalewski DJ, et al. The antigenic landscape of multiple myeloma: mass spectrometry (re)defines targets for T-cell-based immunotherapy. Blood. 2015;126(10):1203–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell EW, Sigal N, Nair N, et al. Combinatorial tetramer staining and mass cytometry analysis facilitate T-cell epitope mapping and characterization. Nat Biotechnol. 2013;31(7):623–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappsilber J, Mann M, Ishihama Y. Protocol for micro-purification, enrichment, pre-fractionation and storage of peptides for proteomics using stagetips. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(8):1896–1906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manier S, Park J, Capelletti M, et al. Whole-exome sequencing of cell-free DNA and circulating tumor cells in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1691.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar