The Neuropharmacology of L-Theanine(N-Ethyl-L-Glutamine)

References

• Andre N. Dopamine and the regulation of cognition and attention. Neurobiology 2002; 571: 1–31
   Google Scholar
• Buckowski J F, Morota C T, Brenner M B. Human 78 T cells recognize alkylamines derived from microbes, edible plants and tea: implications for innate immunity. Immunity 1999; 11: 57–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casimir J, Jadot J, Renard M. Separation and characterisation of N-ethyl-8-Glutamine in Xerocomus badius (Boletus ladius). BiochemBiophys Acta 1960; 39: 462–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai M J, Gill M S, Hsu W H, Armstrong D W. Pharmacokinetics of theanine enantiomers in rats. Chirality 2005; 17: 154–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egashira N, Hayakawa K, Mishima K, Kimura H, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M. Neuroprotective effects of gamma-glutamylethylamide (theanine) on cerebral infarction in mice. Neuroscience letters 2004; 363(1)58–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez L E, Ouagazzal A, File S E. Stimulation of benzodiazepine receptors in the dorsal hippocampus and median raphe reveals differential GAB Aergic control in two animal tests of anxiety. European Journal of Neuroscience 1998; 10: 3673–3680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goto T, Yoshida Y, Amano I, Horie H. Chemical composition of commercially available Japanese green tea. Food Ingred J Jpn 1996; 170: 46–51
   Google Scholar
• Graeff F G. On serotonin and experimental anxiety. Psychopharmacology 2002; 157: 256–262
   Google Scholar
• Graham H N. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemical. Preventive Medicine 1992; 21: 334–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graziano A, Leggio G, Mandolesi L, Neri P, Molinari M, Petrosini L. Learning power of single behavioural units in acquisition of a complex spatial behavior: An observational learning study in cerebellar-lesioned rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 2002; 116: 116–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins G A, Kew J NC, Richards J G, Takeshima H, Adam F JG, Wichmann J, Kemp J A, Grottick A J. A combined pharmacological and genetic approach to investigate the role of orphanin FQ in learning and memory. European Journal of Neuroscience 2002; 15: 911–922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito K, Nagato Y, Aoi N, Juneja L R, Kim M., Yamamoto T, Sugimoto S. Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha-brain waves in human volunteers. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 1998; 72: 153–157
   Google Scholar
• Juneja L R, Chu D, Okubo T, Nagato Y, Yokogoshi H. L-theanine, a unique amino acid of green tea and its relaxation effect in humans. Trends in Food Science & Technology 1999; 10: 199–204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakuda T. Neuroprotective effects of the green tea compounds theanine and catechins. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25: 1513–1518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakuda T, Nozawa A, Sugimoto A, Nino H. Inhibition by theanine of binding of [3H]AMPA, [3H]Kainate, and [3H]MDL 105,519 to glutamate receptors. Biosci Biotech Biochem 2002; 66: 2683–2686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakuda T, Yanase H, Utsunomiya K, Nozawa A, Unno T, Kataoka K. Protective effect of 8-glutamylethylamide (theanine) on ischemic delayed neural death in gerbils. Neuroscience Letters 2000; 289: 189–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent J M, Mathew S J, Gorman J M. Molecular targets in the treatment of anxiety. Biological Psychiatry 2002; 52: 1008–1030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura R, Murata T. Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous system I. Central depressant effect of theanine. Chem Pharm Bull 1971; 19: 1257–1261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura R, Murata T. Influence of alkylamides of glutamic acid and related compounds on the central nervous system IV. Effect of theanine on adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate formation in rat cerebral cortex. Chem Pharm Bull 1980; 80: 661–666
   Google Scholar
• Kitaoka S, Hisayashi H, Yokogoshi H, Suzuki Y. Transmural potential changes associated with the in vitro absorption of theanine in the guinea pig intestine. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1996; 60: 1768–1771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi S, Takahashi E. Metabolism of theanineNethy-14C & its metabolic redistribution in the tea plant. VI. Metabolism & regulation of theanine & related compounds in the tea plant. Nippon Dojo-Hirygaku Zasshi 1969; 40: 479–484
   Google Scholar
• Lu K, Gray M A, Oliver C, Liley D T, Harrison B J, Bartholomeusz C F, Phan K L, Nathan P J. The Acute Effects of L-theanine in Comparison to Alprazolam on Anticipatory Anxiety in Humans. Human Psychopharmacology 2004; 19(7)457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menesses A. 5-HT system and cognition. Neurosci Biobehav 1999; 23: 1111–1125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagu J D. The effect of d-amphetamine on the EEG response to flicker in man. Eur J Pharmacol 1968; 2: 295–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris R GM. Spatial localisation does not require the presence of local cues. Leaning & Motivation 1981; 12: 239–260
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasawa K, Aoki H, Yasuda E, Nagai K, Shimohama S, Fugimoto S. Possible involvement of group 1 mGluRs in neuroprotective effects of theanine. Beochem Biophys Res Coimmu 2004; 320(1)116–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann K, Montag A. Astudy of some nitrogenous substances in tea (Camellia sinesis). Dtsch Lebensm Rund-sch 1983; 79: 160–164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakata Y. The chemical constituents of tea; III. A new amide theanine. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 1949; 23: 262–267
   Google Scholar
• Sadzuka Y, Sugiyama T, Miyagishima A, Nozawa Y, Hirota S. The effects of theanine, as a novel biochemical modulator, on the antitumour activity of adriamycin. Cancer Lett 1996; 105: 203–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvendran R R. Changes in the composition of the xylem exudute of tea plants (Camellia sinesis) during recovery from pruning. Ann Bot 1970; 34: 825–833
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terashima T, Takido J, Yokogoshi H. Time-dependent changes of amino acids in the serum, liver, brain and urine of rats administered with theanine. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1999; 63: 615–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unno T, Suzuki Y, Kakuda T, Hayakawa T, Tsuge H. Metabolism of theanine, 8-Glutamylethylamide, in rats. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 1999; 47: 1593–1596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki Terashima T. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochemical Research 1998a; 23: 667–673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokogoshi H, Mochizuki M, Saitoh K. Theanine-induced reduction of brain serotonin concentration in rats. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1998b; 62: 816–817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokogoshi H, Terashima T. Effect of theanine, 8-Glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines, striatal dopamine release and some kinds of behaviour in rats. Nutrition 2000; 16: 776–777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar