Medicine, psychiatry and euthanasia: an argument against mandatory psychiatric review

References

• Rachels J. Active and passive euthanasia. New England Journal of Medicine 1975; 292: 78–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer P. Practical ethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1979
   Google Scholar
• Engelhardt HT. The foundations of bioethics. Oxford University Press, New York 1986
   Google Scholar
• Dworkin R. Life's dominion. HarperCollins, London 1993
   Google Scholar
• Benrubi G. Euthanasia: the need for procedural safeguards. New England Journal of Medicine 1992; 326: 197–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan CJ. Velcro on the slippery slope: the role of psychiatry in active voluntary euthanasia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1995; 29: 580–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northern Territory, Australia. Parliament. 1995, Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally III Act
   Google Scholar
• Porter R. The greatest benefit to mankind: a medical history of humanity from antiquity to the present. HarperCollins, London 1997
   Google Scholar
• Callahan D. The troubled dream of life: in search of a peaceful death. Simon & Schuster, New York 1993
   Google Scholar
• 1988, Victoria, Australia. Parliament. Medical Treatment Act
   Google Scholar
• 1995, South Australia, Australia. Parliament. Consent to Medical Treatment and Palliative Care Act
   Google Scholar
• 1998, Queensland, Australia. Parliament. Powers of Attorney Act
   Google Scholar
• McCue J. The naturalness of dying. Journal of the American Medical Association 1995; 273: 1039–1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart B, Sainsbury P, Short S. Whose dying? A sociological critique of the ‐good death’. Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference of the Australian Bioethics Association, Brisbane. Australian Bioethics Association, Brisbane 1995; 81–91
   Google Scholar
• Gillett G. Learning to do no harm. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1993; 18: 253–267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Australian Medical Association (Queensland Branch Council). 4 February, 1994, AMAQ Policy: Options for Dying with Dignity, Brisbane
   Google Scholar
• http://www.wma.net/e/policy/17-pp_e.html, World Medical Association. Statement on Physician‐Assisted Suicide. 44th World Medical Assembly. Marbella, Spain, 1992. Available from url:
   Google Scholar
• Pellegrino E. Doctors must not kill. Journal of Clinical Ethics 1992; 3: 95–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollard B, Winton R. Why doctors and nurses must not kill patients. Medical Journal of Australia 1993; 158: 426–429
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steinberg M, Najman J, Cartwright C, MacDonald S, Williams G. End‐of‐life decision‐making: community and medical practitioners' perspectives. Medical Journal of Australia 1997; 166: 131–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Momeyer R. Does physician‐assisted suicide violate the integrity of medicine?. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1995; 20: 13–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhse H, Singer P. Doctors' practices and attitudes regarding voluntary euthanasia. Medical Journal of Australia 1988; 148: 623–627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baume P, O'Malley E. Euthanasia: attitudes and practices of medical practitioners. Medical Journal of Australia 1994; 161: 137–144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzini L, Lee MA, Heintz RT. Depression in the elderly: effect on patient attitudes toward life‐sustaining therapy. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 1992; 40: 983–988
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ganzini L, Lee MA, Heintz RT. The effect of depression treatment on elderly patients' preferences for life‐sustaining medical therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1631–1636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan MD, Youngner SJ. Depression, competence and the right to refuse life‐saving medical treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 151: 971–978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooper SC, Vaughan K, Tennant C, Perz J. Major depression and refusal of life‐sustaining treatment in the elderly. Medical Journal of Australia 1996; 165: 416–419
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly BJ, Varghese FT. Assisted suicide and euthanasia: what about the clinical issues?. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1996; 30: 3–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess S, Hawton K. Suicide, euthanasia and the psychiatrist. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology 1998; 5: 113–126
   Google Scholar
• Burrows GB, Norman T. Depression and adult suicide. Depression Awareness Journal 1998; 6: 3–4
   Google Scholar
• Spike J. Physicians' responsibilities in the care of suicidal patients. Journal of Clinical Ethics 1998; 9: 95–102
   Google Scholar
• Bloch S, Singh BS. Understanding troubled minds. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne 1997
   Google Scholar
• Roach Anleu SL. The medicalisation of deviance. Second opinion: an introduction to health and society, J Germov. Oxford University Press, Melbourne 1998
   Google Scholar
• Radden J. Recent criticism of psychiatric nosology: a review. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology 1994; 1: 193–200
   Google Scholar
• Tallis RC. Burying Freud. Lancet 1996; 347: 669–671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popper K. The logic of scientific discovery. Hutchinson, London 1959
   Google Scholar
• Engel GL. The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal of Psychiatry 1980; 137: 535–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren N. A critical review of the biopsychosocial model. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 32: 86–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews E. Choosing death: philosophical observations on suicide and euthanasia. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology 1998; 5: 107–111
   Google Scholar
• Eburn M. Death gives birth to the need for new law: the case for law reform regarding medical end of life decisions. Proceedings from the Tenth National Bioethics Conference, Christian Bioethics Centre, SydneyAustralia, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Muskin PR. The request to die: role for a psychodynamic perspective on physician‐assisted suicide. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998; 279: 323–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah N, Warner J, Blizard B, King M. National survey of UK psychiatrists' attitudes to euthanasia. Lancet 1998; 352: 1360
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wicclair MR. Patient decision‐making capacity and risk. Bioethics 1991; 5: 91–104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brock DW. Decision‐making competence and risk. Bioethics 1991; 5: 105–112
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• May T. Assessing competency without judging merit. Journal of Clinical Ethics 1998; 9: 247–257
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan MD, Ganzini L, Youngner SJ. Should psychiatrists serve as gatekeepers for physician‐assisted suicide?. Hastings Center Report 1998; 28: 24–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellard J. Professional boundaries: the forbidden territories. Modern Medicine of Australia July, 1998; 46–49
   Google Scholar
• Varghese F, Kelly B. Countertransference and assisted suicide. Review of Psychiatry, GO Gabbard. American Psychiatric Press, Washington 1999; Vol. 18, Countertransference issues in psychiatric treatment
   Google Scholar
• Legemaate J, Gevers JKM. Physician‐assisted suicide in psychiatry: developments in The Netherlands. Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 1997; 6: 175–188
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heath I. There must be limits to the medicalisation of human distress [Commentary]. British Medical Journal 1999; 318: 439
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woolfrey J. What happens now? Oregon and physician‐assisted suicide. Hastings Center Report 1998; 28: 9–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly B, Varghese FT. Euthanasia legislation. Lancet 1998; 352: 1863–1864
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frosch S. The politics of psychoanalysis: an introduction to Freudian and post‐Freudian theory. New York University Press, New York 1999
   Google Scholar