References
- Todd F C, Sellman J D, Robertson P J. Barriers to optimal care for patients with coexisting substance use and mental health disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 36: 792–799
- Wittchen H, Perkonigg A, Reed V. Comorbidity of mental disorders and substance use disorders. European Addiction Research 1996; 2: 36–47
- Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use among Australians: a comparison of their associations with other drug use and use disorders, affective and anxiety disorders, and psychosis. Addiction 2001; 96: 1603–1614
- Andrews G, Slade T, Issakidis C. Deconstructing current comorbidity: data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. British Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 181: 306–314
- Andrews G, Hall W, Teesson M, Henderson S. The Mental Helath of Australians. Mental Health Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra April, 1999
- Tomasson K, Vaglum T. A nationwide representative sample of treatment-seeking alcoholics: a study of psychiatric comorbidity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1995; 92: 378–385
- Weaver T, Madden P, Charles V, et al. Comorbidity of substance misuse and mental illness in community mental health and substance misuse services. British Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 183: 304–313
- Cunningham-Williams R M, Cottler L B, Compton W M, Spitznagel E, Ben-Abdallah A. Problem gambling and comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders among drug users recruited from drug treatment and community settings. Journal of Gambling Studies 2000; 16: 347–376
- Peace K, Mellsop G. Alcoholism and psychiatric disorder in patients who present to different services in Wellington. New Zealand Medical Journal 1989; 102: 578–580
- Sellman J D, Egglseston J. Characteristics of people admitted for residential alcohol and drug treatment. New Zealand Medical Journal 1991; 104: 230–232
- World Health Organization. CIDI-Auto 2.1. Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Administrator's Guide and Reference. World Health Organization, Geneva 1997
- Nurnberger J I, Blehar M C, Kaufmann C A, et al. Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative. Archives of General Psychiatry 1994; 51: 849–859
- Lesieur H R, Blume S B. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): a new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1184–1188
- Sobell L C, Sobell M B. Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. Measuring alcohol consumption, R Z Litten, J P Allen. The Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 1992; 41–72
- Thomas S E, Thevos A K, Randall C L. Alcoholics with and without social phobia: a comparison of substance use and psychiatric variables. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1999; 60: 472–479
- Bremner J D, Southwick S M, Darnell A, Charney D S. Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: course of illness and substance abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry 1996; 153: 369–375
- Ouimette P C, Finney J W, Moos R H. Two-year posttreatment functioning and coping of substance abuse patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 1999; 13: 105–114
- Schade A, Marquenie L A, Van Balkom A JLM, De Beurs E, Van Dyck R, Van den Brink W. Do comorbid anxiety disorders in alcohol-dependent patients need specific treatment to prevent relapse?. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2003; 38: 255–262
- Brown E S, Suppes T, Adinoff B, Thomas N R. Drug abuse and bipolar disorder: comorbidity or misdiagnosis?. Journal of Affective Disorders 2001; 65: 105–115
- Regeer E J, Ten Have M, Rosso M L, Hakkaart-Van Roijen L, Vollebergh W, Nolen W A. Prevalence of bipolar disorder in the general population: a reappraisal study of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2004; 110: 374–382
- Tohen M, Waternaux C M, Tsuang M T. Outcome in mania. A 4-year prospective follow-up study of 75 patients using survival analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry 1990; 47: 1106–1111
- Cassidy F, Ahearn E P, Carroll B J. Substance abuse in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorder 2001; 3: 181–188
- Levin F R, Hennessy G. Bipolar disorder and substance abuse. Biological Psychiatry 2004; 56: 738–748
- Watkins K E, Hunter S B, Wenzel S L, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of clients with co-occurring disorders in outpatient substance abuse treatment. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2004; 30: 749–764
- Fals-Stewart W, Lucente S. Treating obsessive–compulsive disorder among substance abusers: a guide. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 1994; 8: 14–23
- Riemann B C, McNally R J, Cox W M. The comorbidity of obsessive–compulsive disorder and alcoholism. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1992; 6: 105–110
- Peters L, Andrews G. Procedural validity of the computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-Auto) in the anxiety disorders. Psychological Medicine 1995; 25: 1269–1280
- Wittchen H U. Reliability and validity studies of the WHO –Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1994; 28: 57–84
- APA. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 1994
- Adamson S J, Sellman J D, Futterman-Collier A, et al. A profile of alcohol and drug clients in New Zealand: results from the 1998 national telephone survey. New Zealand Medical Journal 2000; 113: 414–416