Longitudinal Perspective: Adverse Childhood Events, Substance Use, and Labor Force Participation Among Homeless Adults

References

• Bahr H M. Skid Row: An Introduction to Disaffiliation. Oxford University Press, New York 1973
   Google Scholar
• Smith R. “I feel really ashamed”: how does unemployment lead to poorer mental health?. BMJ 1985; 291: 1409–1411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailis L N, Blasinsky M, Chesnutt S, Tecco M. Job Training for the Homeless: Report on Demonstration's First Year. R.O.W. Sciences, Rockville, MD 1991
   Google Scholar
• Lam J A, Rosenheck R. Correlates of improvement in quality of life among homeless persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 2000; 51(1)116–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenheck R, Morrissey J L, Calloway M, Stolar M, Johnsen M, Randolph F, Blasinsky M, Goldman H H. Service delivery and community: social capital, service systems integration, and outcomes among homeless persons with severe mental illness. Health Serv Res 2001; 36(4)691–710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick C, Robertson M J, Tam T. Substance use and labor force participation among homeless adults. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2002; 28(1)37–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benda B B. Crime, drug abuse and mental illness: a comparison of homeless men and women. J Soc Sci 1990; 13(3)39–60
   Google Scholar
• Grigsby C, Baumann D, Gregorich S E, Roberts‐Gray C. Disaffiliation to entrenchment: a model for understanding homelessness. J Soc Issues 1990; 46(4)141–156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koegel P, Burnam M A, Farr R K. Subsistence adaptation among homeless adults in the inner city of Los Angeles. J Soc Issues 1990; 46(4)83–107
   Google Scholar
• Zlotnick C, Robertson M J. Sources of income among homeless adults with major mental disorders or substance use disorders. Psychiatr Serv 1996; 47(2)147–151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bray R M, Marsden M E (1992) Prevalence of use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes among DC metropolitan area household residents in 1990. The 100th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, August, 14–181992
   Google Scholar
• Lehman A F, Cordray D S. Prevalence of alcohol, drug and mental disorders among the homeless: one more time. Contemp Drug Probl 1993; 20(3)355–383
   Google Scholar
• Robertson M J, Zlotnick C, Westerfelt A. Drug use disorders and treatment contact among homeless adults in Alameda County. Am J Public Health 1997; 87(2)221–228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Drug Abuse. Prevalence of Drug Use in the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Homeless and Transient Population: 1991. Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Drug Study. US Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1993
   Google Scholar
• Fischer P J. Estimating the prevalence of alcohol, drug and mental health problems in the contemporary homeless population: a review of the literature. Contemp Drug Probl 1989; 16(3)333–389
   Google Scholar
• Koegel P, Burnam M A, Farr R K. The prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders among homeless individuals in the inner‐city of Los Angeles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45(12)1085–1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm R, Gresenz C R, Pacula R L, Wells K B. Labor force participation by persons with mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 1999; 50(11)1407–1408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray J W, Zarkin G A, Dennis M L, French M T. Symptoms of dependence, multiple substance use, and labor market outcomes. Am J Alcohol Abuse 2000; 26(1)77–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of Applied Studies. Substance Use and Mental Health Characteristics by Employment Status. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 1999
   Google Scholar
• Bennett G, Shane P, Tutunijian B A, Perl H I. Job Training and Employment Services for Homeless Persons with Alcohol and Other Drug Problems. Department of Health and Human Services. 1992
   Google Scholar
• Porat H, Marshall G, Howell W. The career beliefs of homeless veterans: vocational attitudes as indicators of employability. J Career Assess 1997; 5(1)47–59
   Google Scholar
• Koegel P, Melamid E, Burman M A. Childhood risk factors for homelessness among homeless adults. Am J Public Health 1995; 85(12)1642–1649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyamathi A, Longshore D, Keenan C, Lesser J, Leake B D. Childhood predictors of daily substance use among homeless women of different ethnicities. Am Behav Sci 2001; 45(1)35–50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassuk E L, Buckner J C, Weinreb L F, Browne A, Bassuk S S, Dawson R, Perloff J N. Homelessness in female‐headed families: childhood and adult risk and protective factors. Am J Public Health 1997; 87(2)241–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman D B, Susser E S, Struening E L, Link B L. Adverse childhood experiences: are they risk factors for adult homelessness. Am J Public Health 1997; 87(2)249–255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piliavin I, Sosin M, Westerfelt A H, Matsueda R L. The duration of homeless careers: an exploratory study. Soc Serv Rev 1993; 67: 576–598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Susser E S, Lin S P, Conover S A, Struening E L. Childhood antecedents of homelessness in psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148(8)1026–1030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick C, Robertson M J, Wright M A. The impact of childhood foster care and other out‐of‐home placement on homeless women and their children. Child Abuse Neglect 1999; 23(11)1057–1068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzman B C, Knickman J R, Shinn M. Predictors of shelter use among low‐income families: psychiatric history, substance abuse, and victimization. Am J Public Health 1992; 82(11)1547–1550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel S L, Koegel P, Gelberg L. Antecedents of physical and sexual victimization among homeless women: a comparison to homeless men. Am J Community Psychol 2000; 28(3)367–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotnick C, Tam T, Roberston M J. Adverse Childhood Events, Substance Abuse, and Measures of Affiliation. Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA 2002
   Google Scholar
• Brabant S, Forsyth C J, LeBlanc J B. Childhood sexual trauma and substance misuse: a pilot study. Subst Use Misuse 1997; 32(10)1417–1431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmer A LM, Sanderson J, Mertin P. Influence of negative childhood experiences on psychological functioning, social support, and parenting for mothers recovering from addiction. Child Abuse Neglect 1999; 23(5)421–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilsnack S C, Vogeltanz N D, Klassen A D, Harris T R. Childhood sexual abuse and women's substance abuse: national survey findings. J Stud Alcohol 1997; 58: 264–271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett K. Field Report for the Study of Alameda County Residents. Survey Research Center, University of California, Berkeley 1994
   Google Scholar
• Piazza T, Cheng Y‐T. Sample Design for the Study of Alameda County Residents. Survey Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 1992
   Google Scholar
• Zlotnick C, Robertson M J, Lahiff M. Getting off the streets: economic resources and residential exits from homelessness. J Community Psychol 1999; 27(2)209–224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. DSM‐III‐R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1987
   Google Scholar
• Anthony J C, Helzer J E. Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence. Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, L N Robins, D A Regier. The Free Press, New York 1991; 116–154
   Google Scholar
• Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics. How the Government Measures Unemployment. Report 864. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Labor Force Statistics: Washington, DC, 1994
   Google Scholar
• Norusis M J. SPSS Advanced Statistics User's Guide. SPSS, Inc., Chicago 1990
   Google Scholar
• Muthen L K, Muthen B. Mplus Users Guide. Muthen and Muthen, Los Angeles 1998
   Google Scholar
• Wickens T D. Multiway Contingency Tables Analysis for the Social Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hilldales, NJ 1989
   Google Scholar
• Newcomb M D. Drug use and intimate relationships among women and men: separating specific from general effects in prospective data using structural equation models. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994; 62: 463–476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne M W, Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Testing Structural Equation Models, K A Bollen, J S Long. Sage, Newbury Park 1993; 136–162
   Google Scholar
• Yu C‐Y, Muthén B. Evaluation of Model Fit Indices for Latent Varable Models with Categorical and Continuous Outcomes. Social Research Division, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 2001
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein E, Bernstein J. Peer educators use motivational intervention to link ED patients to substance abuse treatment. American Public Health Association Meeting, Boston, MA, November, 12–16, 2000
   Google Scholar
• Medrano M A, Zule W A, Hatch J, Desmond D P. Prevalence of childhood trauma in a community sample of substance‐abusing women. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1999; 25(3)449–462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald W R. Child Maltreatment 1999. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Washington, DC 2001
   Google Scholar
• McDonald T P, Allen R I, Westerfelt A, Piliavin I. Assessing the Long‐Term Effects of Foster Care: A Research Synthesis. Institute for Research on Poverty, Madison, WI 1993
   Google Scholar
• Koegel P, Burnam M A. Alcoholism among homeless adults in the inner city of Los Angeles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45(11)1011–1018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calsyn R J, Morse G A. Correlates of problem drinking among homeless men. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1991; 42(7)721–725
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sosin M R, Bruni M. Homelessness and vulnerability among adults with and without alcohol problems. Subst Use Misuse 1997; 32(7 and 8)939–968
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bybee D, Mowbray C T, Cohen E. Short versus longer term effectiveness of an outreach program for the homeless mentally ill. Am J Community Psychol 1994; 22(2)181–209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blankertz L E, Cnaan R A, White K, Fox J, Messinger K. Outreach efforts with dually diagnosed homeless persons. Fam Soc 1990; 71(7)387–397
   Google Scholar
• Division of Programs for Special Populations. Case Management for Special Populations. Bureau of Primary Health Care, D.H.H.S., Washington, DC 1992
   Google Scholar
• Kirby M W, Jr, Braucht G N, Brown E, Krane S, McCann M, VanDeMark N. Dyadic case management as a strategy for prevention of homelessness among chronically debilitated men and women with alcohol and drug dependence. Alcohol Treat Q 1999; 17(1/2)53–71
   Google Scholar
• Zlotnick C, Marks L. Case management services among ten federally‐funded health care for the homeless projects. Child Serv Policy Res Pract 2002; 5(2)113–122
   Google Scholar