445
Views
64
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Clenbuterol Ingestion Causing Prolonged Tachycardia, Hypokalemia, and Hypophosphatemia with Confirmation by Quantitative Levels

, , , &
Pages 339-344 | Published online: 31 Jul 2001

REFERENCES

  • Couet W., Girault J., Reigner B. G., Ingrand I., Bizouard J., Acerbi D., Chiesi P., Fourtillan J. B. Steady-State Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Ambroxol and Clenbuterol Administered Alone and Combined in a New Oral Formulation. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. 1989; 27(9)467–472
  • Baselt R. C. Clenbuterol. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 5th Edition, Chemical Toxicology Institute, Foster City, CA 2000; 189–190
  • Coleman R. A., Johnson M., Nials A. T., Vardey C. J. Exosites: Their Current Status, and Their Relevance to the Duration of Long-Acting Beta 2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1996; 17(9)324–330
  • Mauri'ege P., De Pergola G., Berlan M., Lafontan M. Human Fat Cell Beta-Adrenergic Receptors: Beta Agonist-Dependent Lipolytic Responses and Characterization of Beta-Adrenergic Binding Sites on Human Fat Cell Membranes with Highly Selective Beta 1-Antagonists. J. Lipid Res. 1988; 29(5)587–601
  • Sporano V., Grasso L., Esposito M., Oliviero G., Brambilla G., Loizzo A. Clenbuterol Residues in Non-Liver Containing Meat as a Cause of Collective Food Poisoning. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1998; 40(3)141–143
  • Pulce C., Lamaison D., Keck G., Bostvironnois C., Nicolas J., Descotes J. Collective Human Food Poisonings by Clenbuterol Residues in Veal Liver. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1991; 33(5)480–481
  • Salleras L., Dom'inguez A., Mata E., Taberner J. L., Moro I., Salv'a P. Epidemiologic Study of an Outbreak of Clenbuterol Poisoning in Catalonia, Spain. Pub. Hlth Rep. 1995; 110(3)338–342
  • Brambilla G., Cenci T., Franconi F., Galarini R., Macri A., Rondoni F., Strozzi M., Loizzo A. Clinical and Pharmalogical Profile in a Clenbuterol Epidemic Poisoning of Contaminated Beef Meat in Italy. Toxicol. Lett. 2000; 114(1)47–53
  • Smith D. J. The Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Tissue Residues of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists in Livestock. J. Anim. Sci. 1988; 76(1)173–194
  • Kuiper H. A., Noordam M. Y., van Dooren-Flipsen M. M., Schilit R., Roos A. H. Illegal Use of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists: European Community. J. Anim. Sci. 1998; 76(1)195–207
  • Mitchell G. A., Dunnavan G. Illegal Use of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists in the United States. J. Anim. Sci. 1998; 76(1)208–211
  • Chodorowski Z., Sein Anand J. Acute Poisoning with Clenbuterol. A Case Report. Przegl. Lek. 1997; 54(10)763–764
  • Cortes-Belen E., Suvak M. K., Benitez J. G., Krenzelok E. P. Clenbuterol Overdose in a Young Female. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1998; 36(5)510
  • Clarkson P. M., Thompson H. S. Drugs and Sport. Research Findings and Limitations. Sports Med. 1997; 24(6)366–384
  • Spann C., Winter M. E. Effect of Clenbuterol on Athletic Performance. Ann. Pharmacother. 1995; 29(1)75–77
  • Gruber A. J., Pope H. G., Jr. Compulsive Weight Lifting and Anabolic Drug Abuse Among Women Rape Victims. Compr. Psychiatry 1999; 40(4)273–277
  • Rakhmanina N. Y., Kearns G. L., Farrar H. C. Hypokalemia in an Asthmatic Child from Abuse of Albuterol Metered Dose Inhaler. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 1998; 14(2)145–147
  • Leikin J. B., Linowiecki K. A., Soglin D. F., Paloucek F. Hypokalemia After Pediatric Albuterol Overdose: A Case Series. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1994; 12(1)64–66
  • Kearney T. E., Manoguerra A. S., Curtis G. P., Ziegler M. G. Theophylline Toxicity and the Beta-Adrenergic System. Ann. Intern. Med. 1985; 102(6)766–769
  • Biberstein M. P., Ziegler M. G., Ward D. M. Use of Beta-Blockade for Acute Theophylline Poisoning. West. J. Med. 1984; 141(4)485–490
  • Yamamoto I., Iwata K. Enzyme Immunoassay for Clenbuterol, a Beta 2-Adrenergic Stimulant. J. Immunoassay 1982; 3(2)155–171
  • De Wasch K., De Brabander H., Courtheyn D. LC-MS-MS to Detect and Identify Four Beta-Agonists and Quantify Clenbuterol in Liver. Analyst 1998; 123(12)2701–2705
  • Hogendoorn E. A., van Zoonen P., Polettini A., Bouland G. M., Montagna M. The Potential of Restricted Access Medial Columns as Applied in Coupled-Column LC/LC/TSP/MS/MS for the High-Speed Determination of Target Compounds in Serum. Application to the Direct Trace Analysis of Salbutamol and Clenbuterol. Anal. Chem. 1998; 70(7)1362–1368
  • Doerge D. R., Bajic S., Lowes S. Analysis of Clenbuterol in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography/Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom 1993; 7(6)462–464
  • Keskin S., Ozer D., Temizer A. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Clenbuterol from Urine. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1998; 18(4)639–644
  • Deng X. S., Kurousu A., Pounder D. J. Detection of Anabolic Steroids in Head Hair. J. Forensic Sci. 1999; 44(2)343–346
  • Ayotte C., Goudreault D., Charlebois A. Testing for Natural and Synthetic Anabolic Agents in Human Urine. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Appl. 1996; 687(1)3–25
  • Machnik M., Geyer H., Horning S., Breidbach A., Delahaut P., Schanzer W. Long-Term Detection of Clenbuterol in Human Scalp Hair by Gas Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Sci. Appl. 1999; 723(1)147–155
  • Aboul-Enein H. Y., Serignese V. Quantitative Determination of Clenbuterol Enatiomers in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using the Macroclyclic Antibiotic Chiral Stationary Phase Teicoplanin. Biomed. Chromatogr. 1999; 13(8)520–524
  • Kintz P., Dumestre-Toulet V., Jamey C., Cirimele V., Ludes B. Doping Control for Beta-Adrenergic Compounds Through Hair Analysis. J. Forensic Sci. 2000; 45(1)170–174

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.